A Controlled Trial of Ethylcrotonylurea

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (440) ◽  
pp. 852-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in drugs having a tranquillizing or ataractic effect on the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical houses, both here and on the other side of the Atlantic, have vied with one another to be the first to introduce the perfect tranquillizer, providing relief from tension and anxiety with no unpleasant or dangerous side-effects or tendency to addiction, and at the same time if possible to effect an improvement in the management of, if not the cure of, the psychoses.

Response to Some Stimulant and Depressant Drugs of the Central Nervous System

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (442) ◽  
pp. 76-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Marley
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One

Nearly one hundred years ago, Anstie (1864) wrote: “Among the too frequent instances which are to be found in medical nomenclature, of confusion and uncertainty in the application of descriptive terms, there is none, perhaps, more striking than is occupied by the words Narcotic and Stimulant.” Both classes of substance embrace drugs of antiquity. Thus of the depressants, alcohol dates from the time of the Thracian god, Dionysus, while the earliest use of stimulants such as caffeine and xanthine is lost in the obscurity of the past (Goodman and Gilman, 1955a). Even today, there exists no systematized codification of response to the two classes of drug, although it is implicitly assumed that stimulants and depressants are invariably and mutually antagonistic in their effect on the central nervous system. Advantage was therefore taken of phenomena arising during drug intoxications to categorize abnormal features in the central nervous system common to each of the two classes of intoxicant and to essay a comparison, the one with the other.

Bleeding after salvarsan

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1183
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Capillary Walls

The adverse side effects of salvarsan injections include bleeding from the nose, gums, kidney, lung, etc. The reason for this is the permeability of the capillary walls to red blood cells due to irritation of the central nervous system in persons who are too sensitive to salvarsan. They are caused by the permeability of the capillary walls to red blood cells, caused by irritation of the central nervous system in persons over-sensitive to salvarsan.

The influence of lithium on the competence of the ectoderm in Ambystoma mexicanum

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-331
Author(s):  
D. O. E. Gebhardt ◽  
P. D. Nieuwkoop
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Amphibian Embryos ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential ◽  
Made In

The influence of lithium on the amphibian egg has been the subject of a number of investigations. From the work of Lehmann (1937), Töndury (1938), and Pasteels (1945) it is known that exposure of amphibian embryos to lithium results in a progressive cranio-caudal reduction of the central nervous system and a simultaneous conversion of the presumptive notochord into somites. Whereas these experiments were made with whole embryos, attempts have been made in recent years to localize the lithium effect by transplanting or explanting specific parts of the embryo. Gallera (1949), for instance, concluded from his experiments with transplants containing lithium treated presumptive chorda mesoderm, that lithium had reduced the ‘morphogenetic potential’ of this inductor. Lombard (1952), on the other hand, claimed that the susceptibility of amphibian eggs towards lithium was the result of the ion's direct influence on the ectoderm rather than on the presumptive archenteron roof.

The Co-Ordination of Insect Movements

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-333
Author(s):  
G. M. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Blatta Orientalis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Leg Movements

I. The effects of limb amputation and the cutting of commissures on the movements of the cockroach Blatta orientalis have been investigated with the aid of cinematography. Detailed analyses of changes in posture and rhythm of leg movements are given. 2. It is shown that quite marked changes occur following the amputation of a single leg or the cutting of a single commissure between the thoracic ganglia. 3. Changes following the amputation of a single leg are immediate and are such that the support normally provided by the missing leg is taken over by the two remaining legs on that side. Compensatory movements are also found in the contralateral legs. 4. When two legs of opposite sides are amputated it has been confirmed that the diagonal sequence tends to be adopted, but this is not invariably true. Besides alterations in the rhythm which this may involve, there are again adaptive modifications in the movements of the limbs with respect to the body. 5. When both comrnissures between the meso- and metathoracic ganglia are cut, the hind pair of legs fall out of rhythm with the other four legs. The observations on the effects of cutting commissures stress the importance of intersegmental pathways in co-ordination. 6. It is shown that all modifications following the amputation of legs may be related to the altered mechanical conditions. Some of the important factors involved in normal co-ordination are discussed, and it is suggested that the altered movements would be produced by the operation of these factors under the new conditions. It is concluded that the sensory inflow to the central nervous system is of major importance in the co-ordination of normal movement.

On the incubation period in neurolues

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1050
Author(s):  
E. V. Sukhova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Number ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Speaking about syphilis lesions of the central nervous system, it is impossible not to note that these lesions are among the most severe diseases of the latter. But, on the other hand, their severity is redeemed to some extent by the specific means of combating them which we have in our hands. In this case, the fight against neurolues is reduced not so much to its treatment as to its prevention. Hence the interest with which the question of the influence of various conditions on the occurrence of syphilitic lesions of the central nervous system has recently begun to be comprehensively discussed and the exact causes which, from the general number of syphilitics, distinguish the group subsequently condemned to neurolues have been sought to be elucidated.

scholarly journals About the connections of the cerebellum with the rest of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol V (4) ◽  
pp. 16-46
Author(s):  
F. K. Telyatnik
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Now I turn to a brief summary of the content of some of the works specially devoted to the study of the cerebellar connections. I am not trying to collect all the literature related to this issue, but will confine myself only to the latest works produced with the help of the method most commonly used at the present time for solving questions about conducting paths, namely the method of rebirth. It must be said that a great service in this relationship was also rendered by the method of development, with the help of which a lot of valuable data were obtained, especially Bekhterev. But I will not dwell on them, since all the data obtained in the works of this author are set forth in the "Conducting Ways" and are already given above. As for the newest work performed according to the method of rebirth, all of them were carried out in such a way that one or another part of the cerebellum was damaged in the animal, or one or the other of its legs, and those regenerations were observed, which followed this damage. My works were produced in the same way, and therefore it is very easy to compare them with the works of other authors. This comparison is also favored by the fact that I produced the coloring of the preparations according to the Marchi method, which was also used by most of the researchers cited below.

scholarly journals Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

scholarly journals The Relationships between Cholesterol and Suicide: An Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico De Berardis ◽  
Stefano Marini ◽  
Monica Piersanti ◽  
Marilde Cavuto ◽  
Giampaolo Perna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Larger Sample

Cholesterol is a core component of the central nervous system, essential for the cell membrane stability and the correct functioning of neurotransmission. It has been observed that cholesterol may be somewhat associated with suicidal behaviours. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to elucidate current facts and views about the role of cholesterol levels in mood disorders. The majority of the studies reviewed in the present paper suggest an interesting relationship between cholesterol (especially lower levels) and suicidality. On the other hand, particularly during the last years, relationships between serum cholesterol and suicidality were doubted on the basis of some recent studies that have not found any correlation. However, the debate on relationships between cholesterol and suicide is open and longitudinal studies on a larger sample of patients are needed to further clarify this important issue.

Functional Evidence for Neurone Fields Representing the Individual Arms Within the Central Nervous System of Octopus

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-511
Author(s):  
M. J. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Test Object ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optic Nerves ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tactile System

1. Octopuses blinded by section of the optic nerves were trained by means of 5-10 V. a.c. shocks to reject objects that they would otherwise take. 2. With trials at 3, 5, or 20 min. intervals, in which the test object was always presented to the same arm, animals learned within four or five trials, thereafter rejecting the test object whenever it was presented. 3. When, after a succession of such negative responses, the object was presented to another arm on the other side of the octopus, the result depended upon the rate of training before the change. Thus the object was taken in the trial immediately following the arm change in nineteen out of twenty-six sets of tests with trials at 3 or 5 min. intervals, but in only two out of twelve sets with trials at 20 min. intervals; further experiments in which changes were made between arms on the same side produced similar results. 4. These results are interpreted as showing that changes occurring as a result of experience directly affecting one arm take a period of several hours to spread and become effective in determining the reactions of the rest. This in turn implies the existence of functionally independent neurone fields representing the individual arms, and is discussed in relation to what is already known about the organization of the tactile system of the octopus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document