The Psychiatrist in Search of a Science: III—The Depth Psychologies

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot Slater
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Small Area ◽  
External World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Rational Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Parting Of The Ways

In his monumental work on the history of dynamic psychiatry (1970), Henri Ellenberger has traced the origin of the modern depth psychologies back into the mists of time. Both ills of the body and ills of the mind were originally handled by the priest-physician of primitive societies along much the same lines. But there came a parting of the ways. Glimmerings of an empirical approach to the external world led to some degree of objectivity and to the primordial elements of science. Some physical illnesses could be traced to physical causes, and an understanding of causation led in course of time to rational therapy along physical lines. But mental illnesses remained refractory. It was only in a small area of their vast extent that their causes could be attributed to bodily conditions and thereby to physical causes. Over a great reach of time up to the present day, or at least till yesterday, it was generally believed that, as bodily illnesses had physical causes, the illnesses of the mind must have psychological causes. It proved beyond the powers of priests or physicians to identify them; and there was no way of accounting for the variable course, outcome and responsiveness to treatment of mental disorders.

scholarly journals ROLE OF AYURVEDA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MANASA ROGA W.S.R. TO MENTAL DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-862
Author(s):  
Sarla Bandhe ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Review Study ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Normal Physiological Function

A healthy mind in a healthy body constitute absolute health. While defining health Ayurveda clarifies the importance of the clarity of the mind, the sense organs as also of the normal physiological function of the body as the criterion of health. They may be occasional or long-lasting (chronic). They can affect individual’s ability to relate to others and function each day. Ayurveda treats the body through the medium of mind or Manas this is the basic difference between the modern and Ayurvedic approach. Modern drugs promote relaxation by blocking awareness of a stressful event, or by diminishing the importance one attaches to it, whereas Ayurveda approach makes one to realize the situation and adopt suitably to solve the stress problems in a refreshing way forever. Purpose: The purpose of this study is the role of Ayurveda in the management of Manasa Roga w.s.r. to mental disorders. Material and Meth- ods: Various Ayurvedic, modern literature, textbooks, articles, journals and internet sources are studied for this review work. Conclusion: This review study describes significant information of Manasa, Roga and its manage- ment through Ayurveda. Keywords: Manasa, Roga, Mental disorder, mental illnesses.

Effect of Marriage on Pre-existing Psychoses: A Convenient or Futile Solution for Severe Mental Disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
Prakash B. Behere ◽  
Aniruddh P. Behere ◽  
Debolina Chowdhury ◽  
Amit B. Nagdive ◽  
Richa Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Contractual Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paranoid Type

Marriage can be defined as the state of being united as spouses in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law. The general population generally believes marriage to be a solution to mental illnesses. It can be agreed that mental disorders and marital issues have some relation. Parents of patients with psychoses expect that marriage is the solution to the illness and often approach doctors and seek validation about the success of the marriage of their mentally ill child, which is a guarantee no doctor can give in even normal circumstances. Evidence on sexual functioning in patients of psychosis is limited and needs further understanding. Studies show about 60%–70% women of the schizophrenia spectrum and illness to experience sexual difficulties. Based on available information, sexual dysfunction in population with psychosis can be attributed to a variety of psychosocial factors, ranging from the psychotic symptoms in itself to social stigma and institutionalization and also due to the antipsychotic treatment. Despite the decline in sexual activity and quality of life in general, it is very rarely addressed by both the treating doctor and by the patient themselves hence creating a lacuna in the patient’s care and availability of information regarding the illness’ pathophysiology. Patients become noncompliant with medications due to this undesirable effect and hence it requires to be given more attention during treatment. It was also found that paranoid type of schizophrenia patient had lower chances of separation than patients with other types of schizophrenia. The risk of relapse in cases with later age of onset of the disease, lower education, a positive family history of psychosis or a lower income increased more than other populations.

Introduction

Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Peter Adamson
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethical Virtue ◽  
The Mind

This introduction to the volume gives an overview of the chapters, setting out a case for integrating the history of philosophy with the history of medicine and sketching some of the key philosophical issues that arise around the concept of health. These include the difficulty of defining “health,” the mind-body relationship, and questions about how philosophy informs medical science and practice. A central idea is that the concept of health operates at two levels, the mental and the physical (or the soul and the body), so that ethical virtue and physical well-being have often been seen as parallel or mutually dependent.

A brief history of the criminalization of mental illness

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Dvoskin ◽  
James L. Knoll ◽  
Mollie Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses

This article traces the history of the way in which mental disorders were viewed and treated, from before the birth of Christ to the present day. Special attention is paid to the process of deinstitutionalization in the United States and the failure to create an adequately robust community mental health system to care for the people who, in a previous era, might have experienced lifelong hospitalization. As a result, far too many people with serious mental illnesses are living in jails and prisons that are ill-suited and unprepared to meet their needs.

The body in group analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bracha Hadar
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Embodied History

This article explores the history of the exclusion/inclusion of the body in group analytic theory and practice. At the same time, it aims to promote the subject of the body in the mind of group analysts. The main thesis of the article is that sitting in a circle, face-to-face, is a radical change in the transition Foulkes made from psychoanalysis to group analysis. The implications of this transition have not been explored, and in many cases, have been denied. The article describes the vicissitudes of relating group analysis to the body from the time of Foulkes and Anthony’s work until today. The article claims that working with the body in the group demands that the conductor gives special attention to his/her own bodily sensations and feelings, while at the same time remaining cognizant of the fact that each of the participants is a person with a physical body in which their painful history is stored, and that they may be dissociated because of that embodied history. The thesis of the article is followed by a clinical example. The article ends with the conclusion that being in touch with one’s own body demands a lot of training.

‘Seeing’ is ‘trying’: The relation of visual perception to attemptive modality in the world's languages

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Voinov
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Related Notion ◽  
Serial Verbs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Metaphor ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Syntactic Context

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between the concepts of ‘seeing’ and ‘attempting/trying’ in various languages. These concepts have so far been found to be co-lexified in languages spoken in Eurasia, Papua New Guinea, India and West Africa, with an added implicature of politeness present in some languages when this lexical item is used in directives. After establishing a cross-linguistic sample, the paper proposes a specific grammaticalization mechanism as responsible for producing this semantic relationship. The explanation centers on a process involving metaphorical transfer, the loss of semantic features, generalization, and a specific syntactic context conducive to this meaning shift. First, the Mind-as-Body metaphor is applied to the mind-related notion of ‘seeing an object’ to derive the body-related notion of ‘controlling an object’, as has previously been demonstrated to be the case in the history of certain Indo-European languages. Second, semantic bleaching causes the meaning component of physical sight to be lost from the overall meaning of the morpheme, and semantic generalization allows attempted actions to be mentally treated the same as physical objects that are manipulated. Finally, the context in which this meaning shift occurs is posited as constructions involving multiverbs, such as serial verbs or converbs.

scholarly journals Curating the Fieldwork Playlist

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Kieran Fenby-Hulse
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

In this essay, I consider the music that has been chosen as part of the previous essays in this collection. I attempt to understand what this assemblage of musical tracks, this anthropology playlist, might tell us about fieldwork as a research practice. The chapter examines this history of the digital playlist before going on to analyse the varied musical contributions from curatorial, musicological, and anthropological perspetives. I argue that the playlist asks us to reflect on the field of anthropology and to consider the role of the voice, the body, the mind with anthropology, as well as the role digital technologies, ethics, and the relationship between indviduals and the community.

Conducting the assessment: examining the patient

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Objective View ◽  
Current Psychological ◽  
The Mind ◽  
State Examination

In general hospital and community settings, the term ‘physical examination’ is almost always applied to the procedures used by medical and other staff to examine the body, including the nervous system, of patients. In mental health settings, the terms ‘psy­chological examination’ or ‘mental examination’ might seem most appropriate for the procedures used to examine the mind. However, the lengthier term ‘mental state examination’ is usually used, often with capitals, for reasons of tradition. This term is often shortened to MSE. You will find that effective communication of the re­sults of the MSE requires familiarity with many new terms and with their precise meanings. It is important that you grapple with these issues early on in your training. Like specific diagnostic terms, the terms for specific abnormalities of mental state become an ef­fective shorthand, aiding communication between healthcare professionals. The goal of the MSE is to elicit the patient’s cur­rent psychopathology, that is, their abnormal sub­jective experiences, and an objective view of their mental state, including abnormal behaviour. It therefore includes both symptoms (what the pa­tient reports about current psychological symptoms, such as mood, thoughts, beliefs, abnormal percep­tions, cognitive function, etc.) and signs (what you observe about the patient’s behaviour during the interview). Inevitably, the MSE (i.e. now) merges at the edges with the history of the presenting problems (recently). Behavioural abnormalities which the pa­tient reports as still present, but which cannot be ob­served at interview (e.g. disturbed sleep, overeating, cutting) are part of the history of the presenting illness. A symptom which has resolved, such as an abnormal belief held last week but not today, should usually form part of the history, but will not be re­ported in the MSE. In contrast, an abnormal belief held last week which is still held today will be re­ported in both the history of the presenting prob­lems and the MSE. The components of the MSE are listed in Box 5.1. In taking the history, the interviewer will have learnt about the patient’s symptoms up to the time of the consultation. Often the clinical features on the day of the examination are no different from those described in the recent past, in which case the mental state will overlap with the recent history.

Lived Theology: Spirit, Economy, and Asceticism in Irenaeus and His Readers

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-332
Author(s):  
Paul Saieg
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lived Theology ◽  
The Mind

Abstract Salvation lies at the heart of Irenaeus’ thought. His two surviving works not only declare helping his readers’ communities toward salvation as their purpose, but even contain prayers and meditations for the Valentinians’ salvation. However, following the paradigm set down by Harnack more than a century ago, scholars have tended to separate what Irenaeus insists “rejoice together”: “truth in the mind” and “holiness in the body” (Dem 3). By reconsidering the history of Irenaean scholarship on the nature of the divine economy and the infancy of Adam, I show that Adam’s infancy is temporal rather than physical and that Irenaeus’ interpretation of Adam’s growth is at the same time the phenomenological structure of temptation, maturation, and askesis experienced by the living reader. Irenaeus’ soteriology was not simply a metaphysical theory but an ascetic and even phenomenological discourse structuring a way of life—it was a lived theology.

Section of Psychology

1880 ◽  
Vol 26 (115) ◽  
pp. 471-474
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
British Medical Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Made In

Mr. Braid appears likely to have justice done to him at last. Some years ago we pointed out the important bearing of hypnotism on mental disorders in this Journal, in an article entitled “Artificial Insanity.” Subsequently, in 1872, the writer, in his work on the “Influence of the Mind upon the Body,” insisted on the interest and influence of hypnotism in mental therapeutics. The progress of scientific truth, if certain, is rather slow. It has taken some forty years for the British Medical Association to repair the error then made in refusing to hear a paper by Mr. Braid on his discoveries, when it met at Manchester.—[D. H. T.]

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