Bipolar Affective Disorder in Old Age

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Shulman ◽  
Felix Post
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Recurrent Nature

SummaryIn a retrospective study of 67 elderly bipolar patients the first manic attack occurred at about age 60, often after a long period from the time of the first affective episode, after which further depressive episodes occurred. This calls into question Perris’ criteria for unipolar diagnosis. Among the men, a preponderance of cerebral-organic disorders was found. The evidence for sub-classification of bipolar disorders into secondary or symptomatic manias is discussed. The recurrent nature of the illness in old age stresses the need for further evaluation of lithium prophylaxis.

Bipolar illness

2013 ◽  
pp. 301-350
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Hypomanic Episode ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Introduction Historical perspective Mania/manic episode Hypomania/hypomanic episode Bipolar spectrum disorder Bipolar (affective) disorder 1: classification Bipolar (affective) disorder 2: clinical notes Bipolar (affective) disorder 3: aetiology Bipolar (affective) disorder 4: management principles Other issues affecting management decisions Treatment of acute manic episodes Treatment of depressive episodes...

scholarly journals Impulsivity as a Clinical Marker for Bipolar Affective Disorder

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Omar ◽  
A N Elbatrawy ◽  
W M Sabry ◽  
H A Elkholy ◽  
W A Farrag
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Abstract Background Bipolar disorder is one of the world’s 10 most disabling conditions, taking away years of healthy functioning from individuals, all bipolar disorders are chronically recurring illnesses associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Impulsivity considered an integral part of bipolar disorder. Operationalized as a predisposition to action without reflection or regard for consequences. Potential consequences of this increased impulsivity include substance abuse, suicidal attempts, and other serious behavioral problems. Aim of the Study The aim of the current study was to measure impulsivity in both BD euthymic patients and in healthy first-degree relatives of BD patients. And to assess the functional implications of impulsiveness, on psychosocial functioning and in bipolar disorder patients, their first-degree relatives. Patients and Methods A convenient sample of 50 patients; diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were selected from the general adult psychiatry clinics and a convenient sample of 50 healthy first degree relatives of BD patients. Results We concluded by the end of this study that both cases and relatives have high overall impulsivity, and cases have higher impulsivity in comparison to relatives. Conclusion We suggest that impulsivity may be a potentially valuable candidate endophenotype for bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Altered Magnetic Resonance White-Matter T1 Values in Patients with Affective Disorder

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dolan ◽  
A. M. Poynton ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
M. R. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Proton Relaxation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction ◽  
Unipolar Disorder ◽  
Frontal White Matter ◽  
Bipolar Patients

The MRI T1 proton relaxation values were assessed in 14 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 10 with a unipolar disorder and a matched normal control group. The T1 values in the frontal white matter of patients significantly exceeded those of the controls. This difference was accounted for by an increase in T1 values in the frontal white matter of unipolar patients: the values for bipolar patients alone did not differ from those for controls. These preliminary findings support a hypothesis of frontal lobe dysfunction mediating pathological changes in mood.

Psychoeducation: improving outcomes in bipolar disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Colom ◽  
Dominic Lam
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractBackgroundA relevant paradigm shift in the treatment of bipolar disorder started a few years ago; crucial findings on the usefulness of psychological interventions clearly support switching from an exclusively pharmacological therapeutic approach to a combined yet hierarchical model in which pharmacotherapy plays a central role, but psychological interventions may help cover the gap that exists between theoretical efficacy and “real world” effectiveness. Hereby we review the efficacy of several adjunctive psychotherapies in the maintenance treatment of bipolar patients.MethodsA systematic review of the literature on the issue was performed, using MEDLINE and CURRENT CONTENTS databases. “Bipolar”, “Psychotherapy”, “Psychoeducation”, “Cognitive-behavioral” and “Relapse prevention” were entered as keywords.ResultsPsychological treatments specifically designed for relapse prevention in bipolar affective disorder are useful tools in conjunction with mood stabilizers. Most of the psychotherapy studies recently published report positive results on maintenance as an add-on treatment, and efficacy on the treatment of depressive episodes. Interestingly, several groups from all over the world reported similar positive results and reached very similar conclusions; almost every intervention tested contains important psychoeducative elements including both compliance enhancement and early identification of prodromal signs — stressing the importance of life-style regularity — and exploring patients' health beliefs and illness-awareness.ConclusionsThe usefulness of psychotherapy for improving treatment adherence and clinical outcome of bipolar patients is nowadays unquestionable, and future treatment guidelines should promote its regular use amongst clinicians. As clinicians, it is our major duty, to offer the best treatment available to our patients and this includes both evidence-based psychoeducation programs and newer pharmacological agents.

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG USE IN BIPOLAR PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Aysha Rashid ◽  
Mariam Haroon ◽  
Sumira Qambar Bokhari ◽  
Aysha Butt ◽  
Nauman Mazhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Bipolar Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Substance Use is highly associated with bipolar affective disorder, however the reason for the co-occurrence is unknown. It was evident that if a bipolar patient use  drug of abuse his outcome will be poor. Either it can directly trigger the affective symptoms, or may affect the treatment compliance indirectly. Aims: The objective of this study was to study the demographic correlates of drug abuse in patients with bi-polar affective disorder. Method: Cross-Sectional research design and non-probability consecutive sampling was used to collect data from a private clinic in Lahore. Data was comprised of 368 patients of bipolar disorder. Results: Out of a total of 368 bipolar patients, drug abuse was found in 147 patients that is 39.9%. The results showed that the mean age of the patients was 31.03 ±5.837; mean monthly income was 229597.82 ±164626.77 PKR. The mean duration of illness was 6.54 ±5.157. The mean number of drugs used was 2 ±0.875. The mean cost of drug was 29945.7 ±19068.8 PKR. The mean number of hospitalization was 2.47 ±1.694. Association  between drug use and  occupation of  bipolar patients (0.006), factors leading to initiation of drug use (0.000), family history of drug use (0.001), current episode (0.000) and the type of drugs used (0.000)  was statistically significant. Conclusion: The cause and effect relationship between drug use and bipolar disorder cannot be clearly identified. However occupation of the patient, reasons of initiating drugs, drug abuse in family, current episode as well as  type of drugs used have  significant association  with drug abuse in bipolar patients .

scholarly journals Impulsivity as a Risk Factor for Suicide in Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Zakowicz ◽  
Maria Skibińska ◽  
Karolina Wasicka-Przewoźna ◽  
Bartosz Skulimowski ◽  
Filip Waśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bipolar Patients

The accurate assessment of suicide risk in psychiatric, especially affective disorder diagnosed patients, remains a crucial clinical need. In this study, we applied temperament and character inventory (TCI), Barratt impulsiveness scale 11 (BIS-11), PEBL simple reaction time (SRT) test, continuous performance task (CPT), and Iowa gambling task (IGT) to seek for variables linked with attempted suicide in bipolar affective disorder group (n = 60; attempters n = 17). The main findings were: strong correlations between self-report tool scores and objective parameters in CPT; the difference between attempters and non-attempters was found in the number of correctly responded trials in IGT; only one parameter differed between attempters and non-attempters in BPI diagnosis; and no significant differences between suicide attempters and non-attempters in TCI, BIS-11, and SRT were found. These justify the conclusion that impulsivity itself is not a strong predictor, and used as a single variable might not be sufficient to indicate the high suicide risk group among bipolar patients.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Family caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia experience high level of burden and compromised quality of life. A considerable amount of burden on the caregivers often leads to display of certain attitudes towards persons with severe mental illness called expressed emotion, which then leads to poor quality of patients as well. Although numerous studies dealing with these issues separately are present, but studies dealing with relationship, using mixed methodology, among these issues are scarce. The aim of the present study was to understand how actually the construct of quality of life in different demographic conditions affect life conditions of schizophrenic and bipolar patients and determining relapse. The present study was designed mainly to assess the quality of life on patients and the families of a particular group of patients namely those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The objectives if the present research were to study: (i) the quality of life of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective disorder. (ii) the quality of life of caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective disorder. Patients with disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder are more likely to relapse when there is high expressed emotion present in their living environment. The stress from the remarks and attitudes of the family is overwhelming because they feel like the cause of the problems. The patient then falls into the cycle of relapse. The only way to escape this vortex for the family is to go through therapy together to prevent the relapse. But before that it becomes necessary to understand that what is the reason behind such attitude towards a family member who is mentally ill, what is the cause of burden and what all changes the caregivers’ and the patients’ quality of life come across.

Current Approaches to Diagnostics of Bipolar Affective Disorder in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Leonid Bardenshtein ◽  
Natalia Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

The review is devoted to diagnosing bipolar affective disorder in adolescence. The article summarizes the domestic and foreign research findings concerning the early disease manifestations, the specific features of the disease course, and the relationship with mental and corporal comorbidity. Special attention is paid to the diagnosis of hypomania, based on the recommendations of modern international diagnostic systems: DSM-V (APA, 2013), and the draft International Classification of Diseases, ICD-11 2019. Early detection of affective disorder in adolescents using screening study methods is shown to be significant.

Cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARS VEDEL KESSING
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. A review of studies of cognition in the euthymic phase of unipolar and bipolar affective disorder reveals diverging results.Methods. The study was designed as a controlled cohort study, with the Danish psychiatric case register of admissions used to identify patients and the Danish civil register to identify controls. Patients who were hospitalized between 19 and 25 years ago with an affective diagnosis and who at interviews fulfilled criteria for a primary affective unipolar or bipolar disorder, according to ICD-10, were compared with age- and gender-matched controls. Interviews and assessment of the cognitive function were made in the euthymic phase of the disorder. In all, 118 unipolar patients, 28 bipolar patients and 58 controls were included. Analyses were adjusted for differences in the level of education and for subclinical depressive and anxiety symptoms.Results. Patients with recurrent episodes were significantly more impaired than patients with a single episode and more impaired than controls. Also, within patients the number of prior episodes seemed to be associated with cognitive outcome. There was no difference in the severity of the dysfunction between unipolar and bipolar patients.Conclusions. Cognitive impairment in out-patients with unipolar and bipolar disorder appears to be associated with the number of affective episodes.

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