Reality Orientation: A Critical Appraisal

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Powell-Proctor ◽  
Edgar Miller
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Client Population ◽  
Reality Orientation ◽  
Psychogeriatric Patients

SummaryReality orientation is now extensively used with psychogeriatric patients. The evidence for its effectiveness is reviewed and the underlying philosophy and assumptions are critically examined. Whilst reality orientation does appear to have some effect the benefits are small and restricted in range. It can be argued that it is not directed at the most appropriate therapeutic goals. Reality orientation should be seen as the starting point for the development of more effective intervention techniques for use with this client population and not as an end in itself.

Using a Critical Appraisal Assignment to Infuse Evidence-Based Practice into a Therapeutic Modality Course

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Zwart ◽  
Bernadette Olson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Starting Point

Context It is the responsibility of athletic training educators, through curriculum and clinical experiences, to engage students towards adopting evidence-based practice (EBP) into their practice. The initial task of implementing EBP into a curriculum or course can seem like a large task for educators and students. As a way to start scaffolding EBP concepts across the curriculum, a modified critical appraisal assignment was developed to teach therapeutic modality concepts. Objective The purpose of this action research project was to demonstrate how a modified critical appraisal assignment can be used to introduce the process and aspects of critical appraisal and begin scaffolding the development of critical appraisal skills over time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the students' ability to (1) successfully locate relevant research needed to answer clinical questions and (2) successfully appraise the literature according to basic EBP strategy. From a program perspective, the modified critical appraisal assignment was a starting point from which to include EBP principles into didactic coursework. Design Seventeen athletic training students completed 3 modified critical appraisal assignments pertaining to the use of therapeutic modalities. Each paper included 5 sections: (1) clinical question, (2) key clinical findings, (3) clinical applicability based on information from the appraisal and significance of results, (4) article comparison table, and (5) implications for clinical practice, patient education, and future research. The instructor evaluated the assignments blind. Conclusions Students were generally able to complete the critical appraisal assignment; however, students had difficulty locating research that answered the clinical question. Students struggled to relate the key clinical findings of the research articles and implications for clinical practice to the given clinical question. Findings from this study have informed faculty teaching, including introducing EBP skills earlier in the curriculum and inserting assignments that stress various aspects of the critical appraisal process.

Reality orientation with psychogeriatric patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Greene ◽  
Rhona Nicol ◽  
Heather Jamison
Keyword(s):  
Reality Orientation ◽  
Psychogeriatric Patients

scholarly journals Benefits of Advanced Practice Nursing for Its Expansion in the Spanish Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
Sara Ramos-Santana ◽  
Juan Gómez-Salgado ◽  
Francisca Sánchez-Nicolás ◽  
Carlos Moreno-Garriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Practice Nurse ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Advanced Practice Nursing ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Advanced Practice Nurse ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to describe the impact of the Advanced Practice Nurse role on the clinical practice and patient benefit, as well as to provide reasons for its implementation and expansion in Spain. Through the scoping review method, this study has been carried out according to five thematic blocks: life quality, cost-effectiveness, health results, satisfaction, and accessibility. The critical appraisal was performed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool and the level of evidence and strength of recommendation have been analysed following the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) system. The results show that it is possible to formally implement advanced practice nursing in the Spanish context. The analysis of the Spanish regulatory framework reveals that the generalisation of the Case Manager Nurse is the starting point for the development of advanced practice nursing in Spain. This implementation would have a positive impact on patients in terms of health results, satisfaction, and life quality, given that the advanced practice nurse performs a more effective follow-up of chronic patients with a better control of risk factors, symptoms and health outcomes, and an earlier detection of complications. Considering these results, regional governments should promote the role of the Advanced Practice Nurse to contribute to its expansion.

scholarly journals Building Trust for Smart Connected Devices: The Challenges and Pitfalls of TrustZone

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Koutroumpouchos ◽  
Christoforos Ntantogian ◽  
Christos Xenakis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Shed Light

TrustZone-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) have been utilized extensively for the implementation of security-oriented solutions for several smart intra and inter-connected devices. Although TEEs have been promoted as the starting point for establishing a device root of trust, a number of published attacks against the most broadly utilized TEE implementations request a second view on their security. The aim of this research is to provide an analytical and educational exploration of TrustZone-based TEE vulnerabilities with the goal of pinpointing design and implementation flaws. To this end, we provide a taxonomy of TrustZone attacks, analyze them, and more importantly derive a set of critical observations regarding their nature. We perform a critical appraisal of the vulnerabilities to shed light on their underlying causes and we deduce that their manifestation is the joint effect of several parameters that lead to this situation. The most important ones are the closed implementations, the lack of security mechanisms, the shared resource architecture, and the absence of tools to audit trusted applications. Finally, given the severity of the identified issues, we propose possible improvements that could be adopted by TEE implementers to remedy and improve the security posture of TrustZone and future research directions.

scholarly journals Kriteriji za izricanje odgojnih mjera

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-465
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Mikšaj - Todorović ◽  
Maja Vučić Blažić
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Very High

Starting point of this paper is the contemporary philosophy of the treatment of young offenders, which recognizes that the most appropriate and effective intervention is one that relies on their specific needs and potentials. In order for the juvenile court to be able to make the best decision on the correctional measure, it needs relevant information. The paper analyzes the reports of social welfare centres in terms of their informative nature as well as the overlap of the correctional measures proposals given by parties to court proceedings with court decisions. As expected, the reports are unstructured, uneven and incomplete. Of the 149 expected data, only a quarter was delivered to the courts on average. Nevertheless, the overlap between the proposals of correctional measures by different parties and the court's decisions is very high. The purpose of this paper was to offer a sustainable model that will result in quality data collected, based on the results. The model is described in the paper.

Implementation and Assessment of a Resident Curriculum in Evidence-Based Transfusion Medicine

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Haspel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Transfusion Medicine ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Based Medicine

Abstract Context.—Given the number of controversial issues in transfusion medicine, an understanding of biostatistics and evidence-based medicine is invaluable. No detailed curricula that address teaching critical appraisal of the transfusion medicine literature have been published or evaluated. Objective.—To design, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based transfusion medicine curriculum. Design.—Four hour-long training sessions in journal club format were designed for a 2-month transfusion medicine rotation for clinical pathology residents. A previously validated survey was administered precurriculum and postcurriculum to gauge changes in resident self-reported attitudes and confidence regarding biostatistics methods and critical appraisal of the medical literature. Residents were also asked to evaluate the course regarding content, execution, and utility. Results.—Seven second-year residents participated in the sessions. Following the curriculum there were statistically significant increases in the residents’ self-reported ability to appraise critically and search the medical literature (P  =  .05). Resident confidence interpreting an article's statistical results also significantly improved (P  =  .01). There was also a significant change in the residents' desire to learn more about statistics (P  =  .02). Resident reviews of the curriculum were overall extremely positive. Conclusion.—A 4-session curriculum can have a significant effect on resident self-reported ability to appraise critically and understand the medical literature and help foster interest in biostatistics. Although based on small numbers, this study represents one of the first efforts to evaluate the efficacy of a transfusion medicine curriculum and can potentially serve as a starting point to better integrate and evaluate knowledge of evidence-based transfusion medicine during residency training.

Issues and challenges for research in major trauma

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Ann Swain ◽  
Graham Stiff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

The starting point for evidence-based guidelines is the systematic review and critical appraisal of the relevant literature. This review highlights the risk of bias identified while critically appraising the evidence to inform the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guideline on the assessment and initial management of major trauma.

Reality Orientation, a Therapy for Psychogeriatric Patients: a Controlled Study

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brook ◽  
Gian Degun ◽  
Marcia Mather
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Sustained Improvement ◽  
Reality Orientation ◽  
Psychogeriatric Patients

SummaryIn a controlled trial, ‘reality orientation’ for elderly patients diagnosed as suffering from dementia is shown to be effective only where therapists actively participate. Exposure to change in a more stimulating environment than their own wards is not enough to produce sustained improvement.

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: A research agenda

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Little
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Editorial Note ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Current Content ◽  
The Common

Editorial noteThis new strand in the journal provides a space for contributors to present a personal stance either on future research needs or on the perceived current applications of research in the classroom. Like much of our current content, it echoes the historical uniqueness of this journal in terms of its rich and expert overview of recent research in the field of L2 teaching and learning. However, this new strand takes such research as its starting point and attempts to look forward, using these findings both to debate their application in the language learning classroom and also to suggest where research would be best directed in the future. Thus, the objective of both papers is eminently practical: contributors to the research agenda will present suggestions for what research might usefully be undertaken, given what is currently known or what is perceived to be necessary. In the research into practice papers there will be critical appraisal both of what research is, and is not, getting through to the language learning classroom and practical suggestions made for improving such outcomes.

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