Plasma Lithium Levels and Therapeutic Outcome in the Prophylaxis of Affective Disorders: A Retrospective Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Sashidharan ◽  
R. J. McGuire ◽  
A. I. M. Glen
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Therapeutic Outcome ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Affective Illness

SummaryPatients receiving prophylactic lithium therapy for primary affective disorder during a four year period were studied for recurrence of affective illness. Patients who had affective episodes during this period did not differ from those who remained well in age, sex or diagnosis. Those with a favourable outcome had spent significantly less time at serum lithium levels above 0.9 mmol/litre than those who had a recurrence of affective episodes.

Mania in the elderly

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit Stone
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Family History ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Lithium Toxicity ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
History Of

A retrospective study of 92 patients admitted with mania, aged over 65 years of age, found that 26% had no prior history of affective illness; 30% had previously only experienced depression, and half of these had at least three episodes of depression before the first manic illness. Patients with a family history of affective disorders had a significantly earlier age of onset of illness. There was evidence of cerebral organic impairment in 24% of the patients, and this group had a significantly later age of onset of illness. Prognosis was good, with only 8% still in hospital at six months. Half of the patients were started on lithium prophylaxis, but this did not significantly alter the number of readmissions. A quarter of those started on lithium developed evidence of lithium toxicity.

Schizophrenia and Affective Disorder: Are They Genetically Linked?

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Baron ◽  
Rhoda S. Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between schizophrenic ‘spectrum’ disorders and affective illness was studied in the nuclear families of 90 chronic schizophrenic probands. An increased risk of schizophrenia and related disorders was demonstrated among the first-degree relatives of probands with a family history of major affective disorders. Conversely, relatives of probands with a family history of schizophrenic ‘spectrum’ disorders were at a greater risk of affective illness (major depression) than relatives of probands with no family history. These results lend support to the notion that a subset of affective disorders is associated with the liability to schizophrenia.

Psychosis in Bipolar and Unipolar Affective Illness with Special Reference to Schizo-affective Disorder

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Winokur
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motor Abnormalities ◽  
Multiple Episodes

SummaryBipolar and unipolar patients respectively were separated into psychotic and non-psychotic sub-types. The bipolar psychotic patients were more likely to have certain severe symptoms, such as hallucinations and motor abnormalities, than were the unipolar patients, but the family histories of the four sub-groups were identical. The psychotic sub-groups had a different course of illness, in that they were less likely to have had a history of multiple episodes on admission and were more likely to show chronicity for a period of time on discharge. The data are interpreted as being opposed to the concept of a continuum of vulnerability in the affective disorders, and as not favouring either psychotic unipolar or psychotic bipolar illnesses or schizo-affective disorder being considered autonomous. One possible interpretation of the findings is that a trait or propensity to psychosis is transmitted totally independently of the major affective illness, and that this propensity is silent or not observed when the patient is in remission.

Tardive Dyskinesia in Bipolar Affective Disorder: Relationship to Lithium Therapy

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Dinan ◽  
Dora Kohen
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Increase

Forty patients under the age of 60 years with a DSM–III diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder were examined for the presence of tardive dyskinesia. The overall prevalence was 22.5%, with an age-related increase. Patients with and without tardive dyskinesia did not differ in terms of duration of affective illness or exposure to neuroleptics, but those patients with tardive dyskinesia had significantly more psychiatric admissions and were on lithium for significantly greater lengths of time.

Unipolar and Bipolar Primary Affective Disorder

1971 ◽  
Vol 119 (548) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Woodruff ◽  
Samuel B. Guze ◽  
Paula J. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Affective Illness

The classification of affective disorders has been a topic of controversy for years. The literature is filled with tentative attempts to order this large group of patients. Such attempts have brought surprisingly little resolution of the issues involved. There are those who would make numerous subdivisions within the affective disorders, and others who see affective illness as a unitary disorder.

Reduced influence of affective disorders on perioperative complication rates, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs following spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
Aladine A. Elsamadicy ◽  
Andrew B. Koo ◽  
Megan Lee ◽  
Adam J. Kundishora ◽  
Christopher S. Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Perioperative Complication ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEIn the past decade, a gradual transition of health policy to value-based healthcare has brought increased attention to measuring the quality of care delivered. In spine surgery, adolescents with scoliosis are a population particularly at risk for depression, anxious feelings, and impaired quality of life related to back pain and cosmetic appearance of the deformity. With the rising prevalence of mental health ailments, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of concurrent affective disorders on patient care after spinal surgery in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact that affective disorders have on perioperative complication rates, length of stay (LOS), and total costs in adolescents undergoing elective posterior spinal fusion (PSF) (≥ 4 levels) for idiopathic scoliosis.METHODSA retrospective study of the Kids’ Inpatient Database for the year 2012 was performed. Adolescent patients (age range 10–17 years old) with AIS undergoing elective PSF (≥ 4 levels) were selected using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification coding system. Patients were categorized into 2 groups at discharge: affective disorder or no affective disorder. Patient demographics, comorbidities, complications, LOS, discharge disposition, and total cost were assessed. The primary outcomes were perioperative complication rates, LOS, total cost, and discharge dispositions.RESULTSThere were 3759 adolescents included in this study, of whom 164 (4.4%) were identified with an affective disorder (no affective disorder: n = 3595). Adolescents with affective disorders were significantly older than adolescents with no affective disorders (affective disorder: 14.4 ± 1.9 years vs no affective disorder: 13.9 ± 1.8 years, p = 0.001), and had significantly different proportions of race (p = 0.005). Aside from hospital region (p = 0.016), no other patient- or hospital-level factors differed between the cohorts. Patient comorbidities did not differ significantly between cohorts. The number of vertebral levels involved was similar between the cohorts, with the majority of patients having 9 or more levels involved (affective disorder: 76.8% vs no affective disorder: 79.5%, p = 0.403). Postoperative complications were similar between the cohorts, with no significant difference in the proportion of patients experiencing a postoperative complication (p = 0.079) or number of complications (p = 0.124). The mean length of stay and mean total cost were similar between the cohorts. Moreover, the routine and nonroutine discharge dispositions were also similar between the cohorts, with the majority of patients having routine discharges (affective disorder: 93.9% vs no affective disorder: 94.9%, p = 0.591).CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that affective disorders may not have a significant impact on surgical outcomes in adolescent patients undergoing surgery for scoliosis in comparison with adults. Further studies are necessary to elucidate how affective disorders affect adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis, which may improve provider approach in managing these patients perioperatively and at follow-up in hopes to better the overall patient satisfaction and quality of care delivered.

scholarly journals The prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in the netherlands: a prospective and retrospective study of seasonal mood variation in the general population

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Paul A Mersch ◽  
Hermine M Middendorp ◽  
Antoinette L Bouhuys ◽  
Domien G.M Beersma ◽  
Rutger H van den Hoofdakker
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Mood Variation

A High Prevalence of Affective Disorder Discovered in a ‘Schizophrenia Clinic’

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton S. Rapp ◽  
Peggy Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis

Fifty outpatients in a ‘schizophrenia clinic’ were examined, and sixteen were found to be suffering from periodic affective disorders. Nine of these were given lithium carbonate, and eight responded well. Case histories illustrate three separate reasons for incorrect diagnosis. Examination of extensive old clinical notes of five of these patients suggests that the problems of diagnosis which have been described in the literature in the past, continue to represent obstacles to correct diagnosis. Suggestions for improvement are offered.

Genetic Models of Affective Disorder: Application to Twin Data

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Baron
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Threshold Models ◽  
Twin Data ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Major Locus ◽  
Unipolar Disorder ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Multiple Threshold

Twin data on bipolar and unipolar affective disorders are analyzed by multiple threshold models of inheritance. The two illness types are represented in the models on a continuum of genetic–environmental liability in which bipolar illness has a higher liability threshold than unipolar disorder. Autosomal single major locus model provides an acceptable fit to observed concordance rates in monozygotic twins. The multifactorial-polygenic model is rejected.

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