A High Prevalence of Affective Disorder Discovered in a ‘Schizophrenia Clinic’

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton S. Rapp ◽  
Peggy Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis

Fifty outpatients in a ‘schizophrenia clinic’ were examined, and sixteen were found to be suffering from periodic affective disorders. Nine of these were given lithium carbonate, and eight responded well. Case histories illustrate three separate reasons for incorrect diagnosis. Examination of extensive old clinical notes of five of these patients suggests that the problems of diagnosis which have been described in the literature in the past, continue to represent obstacles to correct diagnosis. Suggestions for improvement are offered.

The epidemiology of bipolar affective disorder; a review of the literature and introduction to work in progress

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lloyd ◽  
P.B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
The Past

ABSTRACTThe past 20 years have seen much research into affective disorders, reflecting advances in both pharmacological and psychological treatments. However, there has been little basic epidemiological research into bipolar illness. This is particularly apparent regarding its basic occurrence and possible epigenetic causes. This presentation will attempt to bring together and integrate the available evidence regarding the basic epidemiology of bipolar disorder, define areas where further research is needed, and outline a large epidemiological study including bipolar affective disorder that has been supported by the Stanley Foundation.

Laryngeal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-456
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Timely Referral

Purpose This review article provides an overview of autoimmune diseases and their effects on voice and laryngeal function. Method A literature review was conducted in PubMed. Combinations of the following keywords were used: “autoimmune disease and upper airway,” “larynx,” “cough,” “voice,” “dysphonia,” and “dyspnea.” Precedence was given to articles published in the past 10 years due to recent advances in this area and to review articles. Ultimately, 115 articles were included for review. Results Approximately 81 autoimmune diseases exist, with 18 of those highlighted in the literature as having laryngeal involvement. The general and laryngeal manifestations of these 18 are discussed in detail, in addition to the clinical implications for a laryngeal expert. Conclusions Voice, breathing, and cough symptoms may be an indication of underlying autoimmune disease. However, these symptoms are often similar to those in the general population. Appropriate differential diagnosis and timely referral practices maximize patient outcomes. Guidelines are provided to facilitate correct diagnosis when an autoimmune disease is suspected.

Reduced influence of affective disorders on perioperative complication rates, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs following spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
Aladine A. Elsamadicy ◽  
Andrew B. Koo ◽  
Megan Lee ◽  
Adam J. Kundishora ◽  
Christopher S. Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Perioperative Complication ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEIn the past decade, a gradual transition of health policy to value-based healthcare has brought increased attention to measuring the quality of care delivered. In spine surgery, adolescents with scoliosis are a population particularly at risk for depression, anxious feelings, and impaired quality of life related to back pain and cosmetic appearance of the deformity. With the rising prevalence of mental health ailments, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of concurrent affective disorders on patient care after spinal surgery in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact that affective disorders have on perioperative complication rates, length of stay (LOS), and total costs in adolescents undergoing elective posterior spinal fusion (PSF) (≥ 4 levels) for idiopathic scoliosis.METHODSA retrospective study of the Kids’ Inpatient Database for the year 2012 was performed. Adolescent patients (age range 10–17 years old) with AIS undergoing elective PSF (≥ 4 levels) were selected using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification coding system. Patients were categorized into 2 groups at discharge: affective disorder or no affective disorder. Patient demographics, comorbidities, complications, LOS, discharge disposition, and total cost were assessed. The primary outcomes were perioperative complication rates, LOS, total cost, and discharge dispositions.RESULTSThere were 3759 adolescents included in this study, of whom 164 (4.4%) were identified with an affective disorder (no affective disorder: n = 3595). Adolescents with affective disorders were significantly older than adolescents with no affective disorders (affective disorder: 14.4 ± 1.9 years vs no affective disorder: 13.9 ± 1.8 years, p = 0.001), and had significantly different proportions of race (p = 0.005). Aside from hospital region (p = 0.016), no other patient- or hospital-level factors differed between the cohorts. Patient comorbidities did not differ significantly between cohorts. The number of vertebral levels involved was similar between the cohorts, with the majority of patients having 9 or more levels involved (affective disorder: 76.8% vs no affective disorder: 79.5%, p = 0.403). Postoperative complications were similar between the cohorts, with no significant difference in the proportion of patients experiencing a postoperative complication (p = 0.079) or number of complications (p = 0.124). The mean length of stay and mean total cost were similar between the cohorts. Moreover, the routine and nonroutine discharge dispositions were also similar between the cohorts, with the majority of patients having routine discharges (affective disorder: 93.9% vs no affective disorder: 94.9%, p = 0.591).CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that affective disorders may not have a significant impact on surgical outcomes in adolescent patients undergoing surgery for scoliosis in comparison with adults. Further studies are necessary to elucidate how affective disorders affect adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis, which may improve provider approach in managing these patients perioperatively and at follow-up in hopes to better the overall patient satisfaction and quality of care delivered.

FEATURES OF OPHTHALMIC CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED CATARACTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Inna Ivanovna Lapkina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
High Prevalence

Today, around 50 million people worldwide suffer from cataracts, more than a half of them need surgical treatment. High prevalence of this pathology in Ukraine, the need to improve the provision of ophthalmic care to patients, and the reform of the health care system have made the research relevant. Concomitant diseases and special conditions of the eye increase the risk of intra− and postoperative complications, worsen the functional parameters of patients after surgery. In order to develop a unified approach to the treatment of complicated cataracts based on diagnostically related groups of patients, a retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with different variants of complications related to the condition of the lens itself, its ligament apparatus and other structures of the eye was conducted. In each case, the surgeon has to choose the appropriate modification of cataract phacoemulsification surgery. The study proposed the classification of cataract phacoemulsification modifications on the basis of the techniques and the sequence of operation stages, taking into account the classification of the degrees of turbidity of the lens, proposed by L. Buratto. It has been noted that in complicated cases, according to the indications of the patient, surgery may be performed on several modifications of cataract phacoemulsification. The developed classification made it possible to generalize the various variants of pathology and greatly facilitate the choice of tactics of surgical treatment in complicated cataracts. It can be used not only for practical application, but also for improving the qualification of trained professionals. The prospect of further research is to identify contraindications for outpatient treatment of the patients with complicated cataracts. Key words: cataract complication, classification of phacoemulsification modifications, diagnostically related groups.

scholarly journals Anti-phospholipid syndrome and COVID-19 thrombosis: connecting the dots

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Ley Tung ◽  
Bryce Tan ◽  
Robin Cherian ◽  
Bharatendu Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Connecting The Dots ◽  
Anti Phospholipid Syndrome

Abstract As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly worldwide, it has emerged as a leading cause of mortality, resulting in >1 million deaths over the past 10 months. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 remains unclear, posing a great challenge to the medical management of patients. Recent studies have reported an unusually high prevalence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients, although the mechanism remains elusive. Several studies have reported the presence of aPLs in COVID-19 patients. We have noticed similarities between COVID-19 and APS, which is an autoimmune prothrombotic disease that is often associated with an infective aetiology. Molecular mimicry and endothelial dysfunction could plausibly explain the mechanism of thrombogenesis in acquired APS. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathological similarities between COVID-19 and APS, and the potential role of therapeutic targets based on the anti-phospholipid model for COVID-19 disease.

CPT-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302199636
Author(s):  
Mertcan Geyin ◽  
Brett W Maurer ◽  
Brendon A Bradley ◽  
Russell A Green ◽  
Sjoerd van Ballegooy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case History ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
History Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Manifestation ◽  
The Many

Earthquakes occurring over the past decade in the Canterbury region of New Zealand have resulted in liquefaction case-history data of unprecedented quantity. This provides the profession with a unique opportunity to advance the prediction of liquefaction occurrence and consequences. Toward that end, this article presents a curated dataset containing ∼15,000 cone-penetration-test-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury. The compiled, post-processed data are presented in a dense array structure, allowing researchers to easily access and analyze a wealth of information pertinent to free-field liquefaction response (i.e. triggering and surface manifestation). Research opportunities using these data include, but are not limited to, the training or testing of new and existing liquefaction-prediction models. The many methods used to obtain and process the case-history data are detailed herein, as is the structure of the compiled digital file. Finally, recommendations for analyzing the data are outlined, including nuances and limitations that users should carefully consider.

Genetic Models of Affective Disorder: Application to Twin Data

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Baron
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Threshold Models ◽  
Twin Data ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
Major Locus ◽  
Unipolar Disorder ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Multiple Threshold

Twin data on bipolar and unipolar affective disorders are analyzed by multiple threshold models of inheritance. The two illness types are represented in the models on a continuum of genetic–environmental liability in which bipolar illness has a higher liability threshold than unipolar disorder. Autosomal single major locus model provides an acceptable fit to observed concordance rates in monozygotic twins. The multifactorial-polygenic model is rejected.

scholarly journals GENETIC KIDNEY DISEASES AS AN UNDERECOGNIZED CAUSE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE KEY ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY REPORTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roser Torra ◽  
Mónica Furlano ◽  
Alberto Ortiz ◽  
Elisabet Ars
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy

Abstract Inherited kidney diseases (IKDs) are among the leading causes of early-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are responsible for at least 10–15% of cases of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in adults. Pediatric nephrologists are very aware of the high prevalence of IKDs among their patients, but this is not the case for adult nephrologists. Recent publications have demonstrated that monogenic diseases account for a significant percentage of adult cases of CKD. A substantial number of these patients have received a non-specific/incorrect diagnosis or a diagnosis of CKD of unknown etiology, which precludes correct treatment, follow-up and genetic counseling. There are a number of reasons why genetic kidney diseases are difficult to diagnose in adulthood: a) adult nephrologists, in general, are not knowledgeable about IKDs, b) existence of atypical phenotypes, c) genetic testing is not universally available, d) family history is not always available or may be negative, e) lack of knowledge of various genotype–phenotype relationships, f) conflicting interpretation of the pathogenicity of many sequence variants.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related psychological distress and engagement in preventative behaviors among individuals with severe mental illnesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Pinkham ◽  
Robert A. Ackerman ◽  
Colin A. Depp ◽  
Philip D. Harvey ◽  
Raeanne C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
The Past ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Multiple Behaviors ◽  
And Coping

AbstractIndividuals with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) may be disproportionately vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and psychological distress. This study investigated the prevalence of engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors, predictors of these behaviors, and COVID-19-related psychological distress. One hundred and sixty-three individuals with SMIs (94 with schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and 69 with affective disorders) and 27 psychiatrically healthy comparison participants were recruited from ongoing studies across 3 sites, to complete a phone survey querying implementation of 8 specific COVID-19 preventative behaviors that participants engaged in at least once in the past month as well as standard assessments of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, loneliness, and coping. Data were collected between 3 April 2020 and 4 June 2020. The large majority of our SMI sample, which consisted of outpatients with relatively mild symptom severity, endorsed engaging in multiple preventative behaviors. Relatively few differences were found between groups; however, individuals with SMI were less likely to work remotely than healthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia spectrum illness were less likely to stay home as a preventative measure, wear face masks, and work remotely than individuals with affective disorders. Differences in staying home remained after controlling for potential confounds. Although individuals with SMI reported more psychological distress related to COVID-19, this distress was largely unrelated to engagement in preventative behaviors. The large majority of individuals with SMI in this outpatient sample, regardless of broad diagnostic category, reported performing multiple behaviors intended to prevent COVID-19 infection at least once a month and reported distress associated with the pandemic. These findings suggest a good level of awareness of COVID-19 among stable outpatients with SMI. The degree to which more acutely ill persons with SMI engage in such preventative behaviors, however, remains to be examined.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Experience ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

A RECENTLY conducted controlled clinical trial tested the effectiveness of Alevaire® mist as a prophylactic measure for premature infants. The results failed to support earlier reports which suggested that this compound was beneficial in the prevention and treatment of neonatal asphyxia among these newborns. As a result of the earlier suggestions this material has been widely used throughout the country during the past 2 to 3 years. However, the originally advanced proof of effectiveness rested upon comparisons with past experience or with current experience of other hospitals, or even upon pooled reports of individual case histories without planned control. The controlled trial was conducted over a 10-month period involving a total of 200 prematurely-born infants. There was no therapeutic benefit, as judged by a comparison of death rates and autopsy findings, that could be credited to Alevaire® mist therapy of premature infants in the first 3 days of life. It would be improper to extend the findings of the study by generalizing beyond the exact conditions specified.

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