scholarly journals The Aberfan disaster: 33-year follow-up of survivors

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Morgan ◽  
Jane Scourfield ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Anne Jasper ◽  
Glyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundExperiencing life-threatening events often contributes to the onset of such psychiatric conditions as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Children can develop PTSD; however, there is controversy over whether PTSD symptoms decrease or persist over time.AimsTo examine the long-term effects of surviving the 1966 Aberfan disaster in childhood.MethodSurvivors (n=41) were compared with controls (n=72) matched for age and background. All were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, measures of current health and social satisfaction, and the General Health Questionnaire. The survivor group also completed the Impact of Event Scale to assess current levels of PTSD.ResultsNineteen (46%; 95%CI 31–61) survivors had had PTSD at some point since the disaster, compared with 12 (20%; 95% CI 10–30) controls (OR=3.38 (95% CI 1.40–8.47)). Of the survivors, 12 (29%; 95% CI 15–43) met diagnostic criteria for current PTSD. Survivors were not at a significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression or substance misuse.ConclusionsTrauma in childhood can lead to PTSD, and PTSD symptoms can persist for as long as 33 years into adult life. Rates of other psychopathological disorders are not necessarily raised after life-threatening childhood trauma.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of a nap following experimental trauma on analogue PTSD symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Wilhelm ◽  
Yasmine Azza ◽  
Karin Brennwald ◽  
Yamina Ehrt-Schäfer ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Experimental Trauma ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCognitive models assume that the incomplete integration of a traumatic experience into the autobiographical memory results in typical symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as intrusive re-experiencing. Sleep supports the integration of new experiences into existing memory networks through memory consolidation. In fifty-six females, we investigated whether a 90-min daytime nap (n = 33) compared to a wake period (n = 23) after being exposed to an experimental trauma (i.e. a trauma film) prevents PTSD analogue symptoms. Intrusive memories were recorded for seven days using a diary, overall PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) and affective response to trauma cues were measured one week after experimental trauma. The two groups did not differ in any of the analogue PTSD symptoms. However, participants obtaining rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the nap experienced less distressing intrusive memories. Moreover, the duration of REM sleep and slow wave activity was negatively correlated with analogue PTSD symptoms. Our findings suggest that even a short sleep period after experimental trauma can play a protective role in trauma memory formation but only if the nap contains REM sleep. Our data provide additional evidence for a critical role of REM sleep in PTSD development.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress symptoms in cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a one-year longitudinal study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Bastien ◽  
Sophie Lefevre-Arbogast ◽  
Justine Lequesne ◽  
Francois Gernier ◽  
Francois Cherifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cancer patients may be particularly vulnerable to psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and successive lockdowns. We studied the prevalence and evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in cancer patients during the pandemic waves, and investigated factors associated with high symptoms. Methods: COVIPACT is a one-year longitudinal prospective study of French patients with solid/hematologic malignancy receiving treatment during the first nationwide lockdown. PTSD symptoms were measured every 3 months from April 2020 using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Patients also completed validated questionnaires on quality of life (QoL), cognitive complaints and insomnia, and a survey on their COVID-19 lockdown experience. Results: Longitudinal analyses involved 386 patients with at least one PTSD assessment after baseline (median age 63, 76% female). Among them, 21.5% had moderate/severe PTSD symptoms during the first lockdown. The rate of patients reporting PTSD symptoms decreased at lockdown release (13.6%), increased again at second lockdown (23.2%), and slightly declined from the second release period (22.7%) to the third lockdown (17.5%). Patients were grouped into three trajectories of evolution. Most patients had stable low symptoms throughout the period, 6% had high baseline symptoms slowly decreasing over time, and 17.6% had moderate symptoms worsening during second lockdown. Female sex, feeling socially isolated, worrying about COVID-19 infection, and using psychotropic drugs were associated with PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were associated with impaired QoL, sleep and cognition. Conclusions: Around a quarter of cancer patients presented high and persistent PTSD symptoms over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and may benefit from psychological support.

Volunteers and professional rescue workers: Traumatization and adaptation after an avalanche disaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Arnfridur Haraldsdóttir, Cand Psych ◽  
Drifa Gudmundsdóttir, PhD ◽  
Eugenia Romano, MSc ◽  
Edda Björk Þórðardóttir, BA ◽  
Berglind Guðmundsdóttir, MSc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To compare the degree of traumatization and adaptation in professional and volunteer rescue workers after two snow avalanches. Method: Questionnaires including demographic questions, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the Rescue Workers Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Coping Styles Questionnaire were answered by rescue workers (n = 168).Results: In several areas, professional rescuers had stronger fears than volunteers, all the same, volunteers were significantly more anxious and met criteria for PTSD caseness more often than professionals.Conclusion: The findings suggest that voluntary rescue workers suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms more often than professionals following demanding rescue missions.

scholarly journals Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6689
Author(s):  
Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽  
Ravi Philip Rajkumar ◽  
Elijah W. Stommel ◽  
Randy Kulesza ◽  
Yusra Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Hyperphosphorylated Tau ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-β peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) and pRBD symptoms using the RBD Single-Question. Over 50% of the participants had IES-R scores ≥33 indicating probable PTSD. pRBD was identified in 22.6% of the participants across Mexico and 32.7% in MMC residents with PTSD. MMC subjects with PTSD had an OR 2.6218 [2.5348, 2.7117] of answering yes to the pRBD. PTSD and pRBD were more common in women. This study showed an association between PTSD and pRBD, strengthening the possibility of a connection with misfolded proteinopathies in young urbanites. We need to confirm the RBD diagnosis using an overnight polysomnogram. Mexican women are at high risk for stress and sleep disorders.

Couples Facing the Birth of a Newborn with a Congenital Anomaly: PTSD Symptoms in the First Year

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1168-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bevilacqua ◽  
Francesco Morini ◽  
Antonio Zaccara ◽  
Chiara De Marchis ◽  
Annabella Braguglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Parental Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in parental couples of newborn requiring early surgery at 6 and 12 months after birth. Study Design A longitudinal study was set up from January 2014 to June 2015. As a measure of PTSD, we used the Italian version of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R). Results Thirty-four couples form the object of the study. At 6 months, half of mothers (52.9%) and fathers (44.1%) reported traumatic stress symptoms above the clinical cutoff. Percentages remained stable at 12 months. When parental gender and length of follow-up were compared with two-factor analysis of variance, none had an impact on IES-R score, nor an interaction between these factors was found. A significant correlation of IES-R total score was present within the couple both at 6 and 12 months (6 months—r: 0.6842, p < 0.0001 and 12 months—r: 0.4045, p = 0.0177). Conclusion Having a child with a repaired malformation represents a complex prolonged stressful situation with persistent burden for both parents who are at high risk of developing PTSD symptoms.

Effects of Support Groups on Post Traumatic Stress Responses in Women Experiencing Stillbirth

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Cacciatore
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

This research study explores the effects of support groups on traumatic stress responses of women experiencing stillbirth. Women ( N = 47) responded to a mixed method questionnaire. Quantitative results utilizing the Impact of Event Scale Revised demonstrate that women who attend support group, when controlling for time, had fewer post traumatic stress symptoms than did the women who did not attend support group. Qualitative results elucidate the role of support groups in managing grief, suggesting that connectivity with other like women may be a useful strategy in reducing problematic psychological outcomes.

Early Psychological Reactions in a Group of Individuals with Pre-existing and Enduring Mental Health Difficulties Following a Major Coach Accident

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L. Chubb ◽  
Jonathan I. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe impact of major trauma on individuals with pre-existing and enduring mental health difficulties is poorly understood.MethodTwenty individuals with pre-existing and enduring mental health difficulties were assessed with the Clinician Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, the 28-item version of the GHQ, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale between four and eight weeks after their involvement in a major coach accident.ResultsTen (50%) individuals satisfied the full DSM–IV criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. The questionnaire scores indicated a high level of psychological suffering among the group. On dividing the sample into those individuals with previous diagnoses of anxiety or depressive disorders and those with a previous diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia, the schizophrenia group displayed less marked psychological sequelae on all measures.ConclusionThere was a high incidence of early psychological sequelae among the group as a whole. Some diagnoses (e.g. depression and anxiety) may predispose to psychological sequelae while others (e.g. chronic schizophrenia) may not.

Analogue PTSD Symptoms are Best Predicted by State Rumination

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Holz ◽  
Johanna Lass-Hennemann ◽  
Tanja Michael
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Film Clip ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Physiological Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Risk

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by distressing intrusions. Since not all traumatized individuals develop PTSD, it is important to understand its underlying risk factors. So far, several psychological and physiological risk factors have been identified. However, these factors have rarely been examined together. An excellent tool to assess analogue PTSD in a prospective manner is the trauma film paradigm. This study examined relevant psychological and physiological factors in 60 healthy participants before, during and after the presentation of a “traumatic” film clip, including rumination, dissociation, anxiety, mood, cortisol and psychophysiology measures. Moreover, we assessed intrusions and administered the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) for one week following the “trauma”. Surprisingly, the only significant predictor for both intrusion frequency and IES-R was rumination about the film (state rumination). Furthermore, intrusion distress was predicted by both state rumination and an increase in anxiety after the film clip. Our study highlights the relevance of rumination in PTSD. Further well designed clinical studies with PTSD patients should investigate these key variables prospectively to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6) for U.S. Adults Who Experienced the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiin Jeong ◽  
Ah-Ram Kim ◽  
Claudia Hilton ◽  
Ickpyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Item Fit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness caused by traumatic events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Accurate diagnosis of this disorder is critical to establish effective intervention approaches. The Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6) is widely used for PTSD screening, but there has been no research on its psychometric properties with individuals who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A random sample of 600 participants were randomly selected from a COVID-19 survey database (n = 6,391). Rasch analysis was conducted to examine item fit, rating scale structure, construct validity, differential item functioning (DIF), and precision of the IES-6. Results: The principal component analysis of Rasch residuals (54.1% of the raw variance explained) and the average of residual correlations (average r = .19) supported the unidimensionality structure in the IES-6. The rating scale was suitable, and the item difficulty hierarchy was logical. The item fit and the DIF contrast were acceptable, except for item 5. The IES-6’s person reliability was .76, which was also an acceptable level.Conclusions: This study showed that the IES-6 has acceptable item-level psychometrics for screening PTSD in adults in the United States for individuals who have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggested that the IES-6 would be useful for the rapid identification of PTSD and allow clinicians to quickly provide interventions for people with the disorder and their families.

scholarly journals Coping Strategies and Psychopathological Responses Among Medical and Non-medical Professionals – a Cross-Sectional Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ciułkowicz ◽  
Julian Maciaszek ◽  
Błażej Misiak ◽  
Anna Pałȩga ◽  
Joanna Rymaszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Medical Career ◽  
The Impact

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was announced on March 11th, 2020, due to a surge of newly confirmed cases that significantly impacted populations worldwide, both directly and indirectly. Based on past epidemics research, the mental health implications of introduced restrictions should be expected and adequately addressed irrespective of the practiced profession.Objective: The study aimed to explore psychopathological responses, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concerning coping strategy clusters during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical and non-medical workers.Methods: A cross-sectional web survey of the general population of internet users was performed from March 16th to April 26th, 2020, in Poland during the first peak of COVID-19 cases. A sample of 1,831 professionally active respondents, 64.0% of which pursuing a medical career, filled out General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and MiniCOPE, along with the socio-demographic questionnaire exploring personal as well as the work-related possibility of direct exposure to contagion and availability of proper protection, contact with the infected without accurate protective measures as well as the adequacy of workers when compared settings.Results: Individuals labeled with specific clusters had significantly different psychopathological manifestations. Irrespective of performed job maladaptive cluster was associated with significantly higher GHQ-28 and IES-R scores on total subscales and all subscales compared to those representing the non-specific and adaptive cluster. Similar findings were observed concerning the frequency of the GHQ-28 positive score. Moreover, the non-specific cluster was associated with significantly higher GHQ-28 total scores among medical professionals. However, GHQ-28 positive scores were significantly more frequent in medical workers using adaptive clusters when compared to non-specific. Such relations were not observed in the non-medical group.IES-R total and subscales' scores did not significantly vary within medical and non-medical groups when adaptive and non-specific clusters were compared. Pursuing a non-medical career was found to be a determinant of lower scores, while female sex was observed to be determinant of higher scores in both GHQ-28 and IES-R scales.Conclusions: Positive screening for psychopathological and PTSD symptoms was expected regardless of the analyzed groups' coping strategies. Given the dramatically developing situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, support initiatives grounded in research evidence may be essential for maintaining the mental well-being and resilience of both the medical and non-medical workforce.

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