scholarly journals Long-term effects of prenatal exposure to earthquake on adult schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Guo ◽  
Ping He ◽  
Xinming Song ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Tangshan Earthquake ◽  
Major Disaster

BackgroundMaternal exposure to major stressors during pregnancy has been found to increase the risk of neurodevelopmental, cognitive and psychiatric disorders in the offspring. However, the association between prenatal exposure to earthquake and the risk of adult schizophrenia has yet to be examined.AimsTo explore the potential long-term effects of prenatal exposure to maternal stress on the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood, using the Great Tangshan Earthquake in 1976 as a natural experiment.MethodWe obtained data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, and analysed 94 410 Chinese individuals born between 1975 and 1979. We obtained difference-in-differences estimates of the earthquake effects on schizophrenia by exploiting temporal variation in the timing of earthquake exposure across four birth cohorts born between 1975 and 1979, along with geographical variation in earthquake severity at the prefecture level. Schizophrenia was ascertained by psychiatrists using the ICD-10 classification. Earthquake severity was measured by seismic intensity.ResultsEarthquake cohort who experienced prenatal exposure to felt earthquake had higher risk of schizophrenia (odds ratio, 3.38; 95% CI 1.43–8.00) compared with the unexposed reference cohort. After specifying the timing of exposure by the trimester of pregnancy, prenatal exposure to felt earthquake during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of adulthood schizophrenia significantly (odds ratio, 7.45; 95% CI 2.83–19.59).ConclusionsPrenatal (particularly early pregnancy) exposure to maternal stress after a major disaster substantially affects the mental health of Chinese adults.

Long-term effect of prenatal exposure to malnutrition on risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: Evidence from the Chinese famine of 1959–1961

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Gong Chen ◽  
Chao Guo ◽  
Xu Wen ◽  
Xinming Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
International Statistical Classification ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Reference Cohort

AbstractBackground:Schizophrenia is a common major mental disorder and prenatal nutritional deficiency may increase its risk. We aimed to investigate long-term impact of prenatal exposure to malnutrition on risk of schizophrenia in adulthood using the Chinese famine of 1959–1961 as a natural experiment.Methods:We obtained data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability implemented in 31 provinces in 2006, and restricted our analysis to 387,093 individuals born from 1956 to 1965. Schizophrenia was ascertained by psychiatrists based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Famine severity was defined as cohort size shrinkage index. The famine effect on adult schizophrenia was estimated by difference-in-difference models, established by examining the variations of famine exposure across birth cohorts.Results:Compared with the reference cohort of 1965, famine cohorts (1959–1962) had significantly higher odds (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.00; P = 0.014) of schizophrenia in the rural population. After adjusting for multiple covariates, this association remained significant (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.98; P = 0.018). We did not observe statistically significant differences in odds of schizophrenia among famine cohorts compared with the reference cohort in the urban population.Conclusions:Prenatal malnutrition exposure has a detrimental impact on risk of schizophrenia in adulthood in the rural population. Further studies were needed to investigate corresponding mechanisms on this topic.

Second-Generation Consequences of Small-for-Dates Birth

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Mark A. Klebanoff ◽  
Olav Meirik ◽  
Heinz W. Berendes
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Increase In Risk

This is the first reported study of birth outcomes of a group of women whose own birth weights and gestational ages had been previously recorded. Births occurring from 1972 to 1983 among 1154 Swedish women, born from 1955 to 1965, were studied. Women who were themselves small for gestational age (SGA) at birth were at increased risk of giving birth to a SGA infant (odds ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.41, 3.48). Women who had been SGA had an even greater increase in risk of giving birth to a preterm infant (odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval = 1.47, 5.94). Women who were preterm at birth were not at increased risk of giving birth to either preterm (odds ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.15, 2.74) or SGA (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.62, 2.38) infants. It is concluded that the long-term effects of intrauterine growth retardation may extend to the next generation; women who had been SGA should be considered at increased risk to give birth to both growth-retarded and preterm infants.

scholarly journals Comparing Telephone Counseling With Reminding to Promote On-Time Repeated Mammography: A Randomized Trial in a Cohort With 4 Years Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Mary E. Costanza ◽  
Roger Luckmann ◽  
Christine Frisard ◽  
Mary Jo White ◽  
Caroline Cranos
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Telephone Counseling ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Reminder Call ◽  
Screening Mammograms

Background. Long-term continuous adherence to biennial screening mammograms as guidelines recommend remains low. Limited evidence suggests that reminder calls may increase short-term adherence as much as telephone counseling, but research is needed comparing the long-term effects of these two approaches. Purpose. To compare the impacts of two telephone outreach interventions and mailed reminders on 4-year continuous mammography adherence. Method. A cohort of 3,215 women, age 50 to 81 years, was selected from 30,160 women from a 4-year randomized trial of three interventions to promote biennial mammography: reminder letter only (LO), letter plus reminder call (RC), and two letters plus educational material and a counseling call (CC). Women selected remained eligible for the trial all 4 years and received annual interventions as needed. The proportion with a mammogram in the last 24 months was determined at baseline and four annual time points. Results. Continuous adherence at all four time points was higher in the RC (78.8%) and CC arms (78.8%) than in the LO arm (75.1%; p < .001). Multivariable analysis confirmed this finding: CC (odds ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = [1.01, 1.61]) and RC (odds ratio = 1.23; 95% confidence interval = [0.98, 1.56]). Only 27.8% of women eligible for an initial counseling call actually received counseling. Conclusions. Compared with letters alone, outreach calls can modestly increase continuous mammography adherence among insured women with consistent primary care. Telephone counseling was no more effective than a reminder call, possibly due to limited acceptance of counseling calls by women who may find them unwelcome or unnecessary.

scholarly journals Developmental Fluoxetine Exposure Normalizes the Long-Term Effects of Maternal Stress on Post-Operative Pain in Sprague-Dawley Rat Offspring

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e57608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbeth Knaepen ◽  
Ine Rayen ◽  
Thierry D. Charlier ◽  
Marianne Fillet ◽  
Virginie Houbart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Post Operative Pain

scholarly journals Prenatal exposure to cocaine in rats: Lack of long-term effects on locomotion and stereotypy

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Giordano ◽  
Carole A. Moody ◽  
Eve M. Zubrycki ◽  
Laura Dreshfield ◽  
Andrew B. Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Prenatal malnutrition and adult cognitive impairment: a natural experiment from the 1959–1961 Chinese famine

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
J. M. Ian Salas ◽  
Chao Guo ◽  
Yunfei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

AbstractThe current measures of cognitive functioning in adulthood do not indicate a long-term association with prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine. However, whether such association emerges in China is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the potential effect of prenatal exposure to the 1959–1961 Chinese famine on adult cognitive impairment. We obtained data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability implemented in thirty-one provinces in 2006, and restricted our analysis to 387 093 individuals born in 1956–1965. Cognitive impairment was defined as intelligence quotient (IQ) score under 70 and IQ of adults was evaluated by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – China Revision. Famine severity was defined as excess death rate. The famine impact on adult cognitive impairment was estimated by difference-in-difference models, established by examining the variations of famine exposure across birth cohorts. Results show that compared with adults born in 1956–1958, those who were exposed to Chinese famine during gestation (born in 1959–1961) were at greater risk of cognitive impairment in the total sample. Stratified analyses showed that this effect was evident in males and females, but only in rural, not in urban areas. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to famine had an enduring deleterious effect on risk of cognitive impairment in rural adults.

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