scholarly journals The importance of greenspace for mental health

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Barton ◽  
Mike Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
The 19Th Century

There is an urgent global need for accessible and cost-effective pro-mental health infrastructure. Public green spaces were officially designated in the 19th century, informed by a belief that they might provide health benefits. We outline modern research evidence that greenspace can play a pivotal role in population-level mental health.

scholarly journals Development of hospital treatment of persons with mental disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milutin Nenadovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Discordances of harmonic mental functioning are as old as the human kind. Psychopathological behaviour of an individual in the past was not treated as an illness. That means that psychopathology was not considered an illness. In all past civilizations discordance of mental harmony of an individual is interpreted from the physiological aspect. Psychopathologic expression was not considered an illness, so social attitudes about psychiatric patients in the past were non-medical and generally speaking inhuman. Hospitals did not follow development of medicine for admission of psychiatric patients in past civilizations, not even in the antique era. According to historic sources, the first hospital that was meant for mental patients only was established in the 15th century, 1409 in Valencia (Spain). Therefore mental patients were isolated in a special institution-hospital, and social community rejected them. Only in the new era psychopathological behavior begins to be treated as an illness. Therefore during the 19th century psychiatry is developed as a special branch of medicine, and mental disorder is more and more seen according to the principals of interpretation of physical illnesses. By the middle of the 19th century psychiatric hospitals are humanized, and patients are being less physically restricted. Deinstitutialisation in protection of mental health is the heritage of reforms from the beginning of the 19th century which regarded the prevention of mental health protection. It was necessary to develop institutions of the prevention of protection in the community which would primarily have social support and characteristics.

British psychiatry and homosexuality

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael King ◽  
Annie Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Behavioural Sciences

BackgroundOpposition to homosexuality in Europe reached a crescendo in the 19th century. What had earlier been regarded as a vice evolved as a perversion or psychological illness. Official reviews of homosexuality as both an illness and (for men) a crime led to discrimination, inhumane treatments and shame, guilt and fear for gay men and lesbians. Only recently has homosexuality been removed from all international diagnostic glossaries.AimsTo review how British psychiatry has regarded homosexuality over the past century.MethodReview of key publications on homosexuality in British psychiatry.ResultsThe literature on homosexuality reflects evolving theories on sexuality over the past century. The assumptions in psychoanalysis and the behavioural sciences that sexuality could be altered led to unscientific theory and practice.ConclusionsMental health professionals in Britain should be aware of the mistakes of the past. Only in that way can we prevent future excesses and heal the gulf between gay and lesbian patients and their psychiatrists.

“Degenerate Criminals”

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scharff Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Prison Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Damaging Effects

Inspired by the breakthrough of the discipline of criminology and biological theories of degeneration, prison psychiatry became a flourishing field during the latter decades of the 19th century. This is reflected in the history of the Vridsløselille penitentiary in Denmark, which operated as a Pennsylvania-model institution with strict solitary confinement from 1859 to the early 1930s. Throughout the period, this prison experienced extensive problems with inmate mental health, and as the discipline of psychiatry developed, mental disorders were given new names and old diseases disappeared. Although prison authorities were willing to acknowledge the damaging effects of the isolation regimes being employed, a number of psychiatrists located the causes of mental disorders among biological dispositional traits rather than situational factors. In doing so, they downplayed the power of the prison context and offered biological “degeneration” among criminals as an alternative explanation.

scholarly journals Mental health profile of Greece

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Christodoulou ◽  
Dimitris Ploumpidis ◽  
Nikos Christodoulou ◽  
Dimitris Anagnostopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
System Of Care ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Of Greece

Since the mid-1980s, a profound reform in the organisation of mental health provision has been taking place in Greece (Madianos & Christodoulou, 2007; Christodoulou, 2009). The aim has been to modernise the outdated system of care (Christodoulou, 1970), which was based on in-patient asylum-like treatment, the beginning of which can be roughly dated to the second half of the 19th century (Christodoulou et al, 2010).

scholarly journals The Mental Health Benefits of Purposeful Activities in Public Green Spaces in Urban and Semi-Urban Neighbourhoods: A Mixed-Methods Pilot and Proof of Concept Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Coventry ◽  
Chris Neale ◽  
Alison Dyke ◽  
Rachel Pateman ◽  
Steve Cinderby
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Mental Health Benefits ◽  
Public Green Space

Access and exposure to public green space might be critical to health promotion and prevention of mental ill health. However, it is uncertain if differential health and mental health benefits are associated with undertaking different activities in public green space. We evaluated the health and wellbeing benefits of different activities in different locations of public green spaces in urban and semi-urban areas. We used a mixed-methods before-and-after design. Volunteers at three conservation sites were recruited and took part in group guided walks, practical conservation tasks or citizen science. Repeated measures one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction assessed the relationship between location and activity type on change in acute subjective mood from pre- to post-activity, measured with the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UWIST-MACL). Qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken and analysed thematically to explore participants’ perceptions about the health and wellbeing benefits of activities in public green space. Forty-five participants were recruited, leading to 65 independent observations. Walking, conservation and citizen science in public green space were associated with improved mood. Across all participants acute subjective mood improved across all domains of the UWIST-MACL. There was a significant association between reduction in stress and location (p = 0.009). Qualitatively participants reported that conservation and citizen science conferred co-benefits to the environment and individual health and well-being and were perceived as purposeful. Undertaking purposeful activity in public green space has the potential to promote health and prevent mental ill health.

scholarly journals The ethics of positive thinking in healthcare

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
New Thought ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
The 19Th Century

In continuation with the New Thought movement that arose in the United States in the 19th Century, there is now a massive self-help industry that markets books and seminars. This industry has also extended to healthcare in the form of positive thinking, i.e., the idea that happy thoughts are essential for health. While some of these claims may seem reasonable and commonsensical, they are not free of problems. This article posits that positive thinking has some ethical underpinnings. Extreme positive thinking may promote alternative forms of medicine that ultimately substitute effective treatment, and this is unethical. The emphasis on positive thinking for cancer patients may be too burdensome for them. Likewise, unrestricted positive thinking is not necessarily good for mental health. After considering the ethics of positive thinking, this article proposes a more realistic approach.

scholarly journals PAN, GLAHN OG JAGTVIDENSKABEN FRA ÆSOP TIL C(H)ORA

Nordlit ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvhild Dvergsdal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sport Hunting ◽  
The Ideal

This article asserts that the character of Thomas Glahn in Pan should be understood as a sport hunter.  The popularity of sport hunting increased in Norway in the second part of the 19th century, causing a public discussion on the ethics of this kind of hunting compared to hunting for survival.  The article hypothesizes that Hamsun knew J. B. Barth's writings about the value of hunting and experiencing nature.  In his “Afhandling om den Fornøielse, Menneskene finde i jagten” (1865), published for a second time around 20 years later, Barth defines the ethos of sport hunting, and argues that young men from the bourgeoisie class can gain important values and education from hunting. The article shows how the character of Glahn can be read as an example of Barth's view of the ideal hunter. However, in one important aspect, Glahn does not live up to the expectations that the reader in Hamsun’s time might have had about the ideal hunter.  Barth claims that engaging in ethical sport hunting also improves the hunter’s mental health. Glahn obviously does not confirm this claim.  The unfulfilled expectations on this matter provoke questions within the reader about Glahn’s mental health and recalls Hamsun’s early interest in the human mind in a modern world.

scholarly journals Staff Protection Against Civil and Criminal Action Under the Mental Health Act 1983

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Bridgit Dimond
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
Staff Protection ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

In the 19th century doctors threatened to go on certification strike unless they were given a measure of legal immunity. Provision was accordingly made in the Lunacy Act 1890 and that provision was the ancestor of S. 139 of the Mental Health Act 1983.

2. Asylums and the origins of psychiatry

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Moral Therapy

‘Asylums and the origins of psychiatry’ outlines the historical care of the mentally ill. If the mentally deranged could not be cared for within the family, they were sent to private madhouses for the rich and workhouses for the poor. The asylum movement began in earnest in the 1820s, aiming to provide moral therapy in a calm, spacious, rural environment. However, conditions deteriorated with overcrowding. The 19th century saw increasing research into mental health, especially in German-speaking Europe, with three of psychiatry’s most influential figures being Kraepelin, Bleuler, and Freud. Meanwhile, asylums had become even more overcrowded and neglected. Not until the 1920s did specific effective treatments become available.

Urban parks and urban problems: An historical perspective on green space development as a cultural fix

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2321-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Loughran
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
South Park ◽  
Green Urbanism ◽  
The 19Th Century

Why does everyone think cities can save the planet? Contemporary planning interventions promise salvation via spatial fixes that might reduce carbon emissions, boost metropolitan economies, and allow urban society to thrive in spite of rising seas and climate disasters. New wetlands, floodgates, and other adaptive infrastructures allow water to coexist with urban space; new parks, such as New York’s High Line and Chicago’s 606, celebrate the interweaving of built and natural environments and suggest how outmoded infrastructure can be repurposed for civic benefit. While the climate dilemmas at hand are historically new, the use of landscaped environments in the service of solving social problems is not. Dating to the first generation of urban park development in the 19th century, planners have deployed green spaces as solutions to various cultural, political, and economic conundrums of the city. Offering an historical parallel and counterweight to investigations of contemporary urban–environmental dynamics, this paper investigates the period of park development that occurred in the 19th century in North America and Europe, using Chicago’s Olmsted-designed South Park (the contemporary Washington and Jackson Parks) as a case study. I argue that green spaces’ distinct nexus of (1) normative cultural meanings around nature, (2) power relations bound up in dominant landscape aesthetics, and (3) direct link to the economic realm via the structuring of land values have made green space development a powerful ‘cultural fix’: a means of using social space to mitigate perceived social crises. Understanding the historical foundations of green spaces’ use as cultural fixes can inform contemporary analyses, particularly as new landscape ideologies emerge as part of broader green urbanism development and climate change adaptation strategies.

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