Correlation between Static and Dynamic Response of Model Masonry Structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Paulson ◽  
D. P. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Computer Controlled

The paper presents correlations between response of the same structural system subjected to either dynamic shaking or static lateral forces. Two one-quarter scale test structures were constructed with identical designs and were tested in the laboratory using two different methods. The first structure was subjected to simulated earthquake motions on a shaking table while the second structure was forced to displace through the same history at static rates using computer controlled servohydraulic actuators. Characteristics of dynamic lateral force distributions are examined first and followed by a description of techniques used for the static loading experiment. Correlations are made between observed response of the statically and dynamically tested twin structures to suggest differences in strength, stiffness and energy dissipation that may arise with each test method.

Reasonable Lateral Force Distributions on Isolated Structures

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tsai ◽  
B. J. Chen ◽  
T. C. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Natural Period ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Base Isolator ◽  
Isolated Structures

The base isolator can lengthen the natural period of a structure to reduce the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure. It has been recognized as an effective means by the engineering professions in earthquake prone regions. The design procedures of seismically isolated structures are mainly provided by the Uniform Building Code (UBC) published by the International Conference of Building Officials. The UBC code supplies a simple, statically equivalent design method where by displacements for an isolated structure are concentrated at the isolation level. Therefore, the superstructure nearly moves as a rigid body, and the design forces of elements above isolators are based on the behavior of isolators at the design displacement. However, in the UBC code, the distribution of inertial (or lateral) forces over the height of the superstructure above isolation has been found to be too conservative for most isolated structures. In view of this, two effortless and reasonable design formulae for lateral force distributions on isolated structures have been proposed in this paper. Results obtained from a full-scale isolated structure tested on the shaking table and numerical analyses of two additional examples verify the suitability of design formulae. It is demonstrated that proposed formulae can well predict lateral force distributions on isolated structures during earthquakes and that the lateral force distributions proposed by the UBC code are too conservative.

scholarly journals Low-cost hybrid design of masonry structures for developing countries: Shaking table tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 106675
Author(s):  
Anastasios Tsiavos ◽  
Anastasios Sextos ◽  
Andreas Stavridis ◽  
Matt Dietz ◽  
Luiza Dihoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Hybrid Design ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Shaking Table Tests

scholarly journals A proposal to determine the distribution of lateral forces from loaded recycled plastic drainage kerbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fin O’Flaherty ◽  
Fathi Al-Shawi
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Construction Product

AbstractThis study presents a detailed analysis of the lateral forces generated as a result of vertically applied loads to recycled plastic drainage kerbs. These kerbs are a relatively new addition to road infrastructure projects. When concrete is used to form road drainage kerbs, its deformation is minimum when stressed under heavy axle loads. Although recycled plastic kerbs are more environmentally friendly as a construction product, they are less stiff than concrete and tend to deform more under loading leading to a bursting type, lateral force being applied to the haunch materials, the magnitude of which is unknown. A method is proposed for establishing the distribution of these lateral forces resulting from deformation under laboratory test conditions. A load of 400 kN is applied onto a total of six typical kerbs in the laboratory in accordance with the test standard. The drainage kerbs are surrounded with 150 mm of concrete to the front and rear haunch and underneath as is normal during installation. The lateral forces exerted on the concrete surround as a result of deformation of the plastic kerbs are determined via a strain measuring device. Analysis of the test data allows the magnitude of the lateral forces to the surrounding media to be determined and, thereby, ensuring the haunch materials are not over-stressed as a result. The proposed test methodology and subsequent analysis allows for an important laboratory-based assessment of any typical recycled plastic drainage kerbs to be conducted to ensure they are fit-for-purpose in the field.

Numerical evaluation of contaminants mixing uniformity in a full-scale test chamber with mixing fan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2097902
Author(s):  
Hai-Xia Xu ◽  
Yu-Tong Mu ◽  
Yin-Ping Zhang ◽  
Wen-Quan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Airflow Field ◽  
Scale Test

Most existing models and standards for volatile organic compounds emission assume that contaminants are uniform in the testing devices. In this study, a three-dimensional transient numerical model was proposed to simulate the mass transport process based on a full-scale test chamber with a mixing fan, and the airflow field and contaminants concentration distribution were obtained within the chamber under airtight and ventilated conditions. The model was validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. The numerical results show that the contaminant source position and the airflow field characteristics have significant impact on the contaminant mixing, and the fan rotation has an important role in accelerating mixing. In the initial mixing stage, the concentration distribution is obviously uneven; as the mixing progresses, it gradually reaches acceptable uniformity except for some sensitive regions, such as high concentration region at the injection point of the contaminants and low concentration region at the air inlet. To ensure test accuracy, the monitor should avoid above sensitive regions; and some special regions are recommended where contaminant concentration uniformity can be reached sooner. The ventilated chamber results indicate that the mixture of contaminants in the chamber is actually better than the results shown by conventional test method.

Damage detection via modal analysis of masonry structures using shaking table tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pepi ◽  
Nicola Cavalagli ◽  
Vittorio Gusella ◽  
Massimiliano Gioffrè
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Shaking Table Tests

An Energy-Based Method for Testing Cushioning Durability of Running Shoes

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Swigart ◽  
Arthur G. Erdman ◽  
Patrick J. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Wear Factor ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Force Time

A new method for quantifying shoe cushioning durability was developed. This method used a computer-controlled, closed-loop materials testing system to subject the shoes to force-time profiles that were indicative of running. The change in the magnitude of the maximum energy absorbed by a shoe and the change in the magnitude of the energy balance of the shoe were quantified after the shoe had been worn running for a given distance. A shoe that changed very little in these quantities had a small energy wear factor and was deemed to have durable cushioning. The test method was roughly validated through comparison of three shoes of different midsole constructions with known relative durabilities. The shoes were tested at four simulated running speeds for energy properties when they were new and after they were run in for 161 km. The relative durabilities of the tested shoes were consistent with expectations based on the shoes' materials and constructions, showing that the new method has promise in predicting shoe cushioning durability, and thus more complete studies of the method may prove useful.

scholarly journals In-Plane Strengthening Effect of Prefabricated Concrete Walls on Masonry Structures: Shaking Table Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Shuguang Wang ◽  
Dongsheng Du
Keyword(s):  
Shaking Table Test ◽  
Masonry Structure ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Concrete Walls ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Scaled Models

The improvement effect of a new strengthening strategy on dynamic action of masonry structure, by installing prefabricated concrete walls on the outer facades, is validated by shaking table test presented in this paper. We carried out dynamic tests of two geometrically identical five-story reduced scaled models, including an unstrengthened and a strengthened masonry model. The experimental analysis encompasses seismic performances such as cracking patterns, failure mechanisms, amplification factors of acceleration, and displacements. The results show that the strengthened masonry structure shows much more excellent seismic capacity when compared with the unstrengthened one.

Shaking Table Investigation on the Masonry Structures Behaviour to Earthquakes with Strong Vertical Component

2020 ◽  
pp. 337-345
Author(s):  
Nicola Cavalagli ◽  
Matteo Ciano ◽  
Gianluca Fagotti ◽  
Massimiliano Gioffrè ◽  
Vittorio Gusella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Component ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Masonry Structures
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