Positron Emission Tomography As an Imaging Biomarker

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3282-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Phase Ii Studies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Individual

Positron emission tomography (PET) allows noninvasive, quantitative studies of various biologic processes in the tumor tissue. By using PET, investigators can study the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs, identify various therapeutic targets and monitor the inhibition of these targets during therapy. Furthermore, PET provides various markers to assess tumor response early in the course of therapy. A significant number of studies have now shown that changes in tumor glucose utilization during the first weeks of chemotherapy are significantly correlated with patient outcome. These data suggest that PET may be used as a sensitive test to assess the activity of new cytotoxic agents in phase II studies. Furthermore, early identification of nonresponding tumors provides the opportunity to adjust treatment regimens according to the individual chemosensitivity of the tumor tissue. However, further prospective and randomized validation of PET is still required before PET controlled chemotherapy can be used in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Imaging Cardiovascular and Lung Macrophages With the Positron Emission Tomography Sensor 64 Cu-Macrin in Mice, Rabbits, and Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Nahrendorf ◽  
Friedrich Felix Hoyer ◽  
Anu E. Meerwaldt ◽  
Mandy M.T. van Leent ◽  
Max L. Senders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages

Background: Macrophages, innate immune cells that reside in all organs, defend the host against infection and injury. In the heart and vasculature, inflammatory macrophages also enhance tissue damage and propel cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We here use in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy to evaluate quantitative noninvasive assessment of cardiac, arterial, and pulmonary macrophages using the nanotracer 64 Cu-Macrin—a 20-nm spherical dextran nanoparticle assembled from nontoxic polyglucose. Results: PET imaging using 64 Cu-Macrin faithfully reported accumulation of macrophages in the heart and lung of mice with myocardial infarction, sepsis, or pneumonia. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy detected the near-infrared fluorescent version of the nanoparticle ( VT680 Macrin) primarily in tissue macrophages. In 5-day-old mice, 64 Cu-Macrin PET imaging quantified physiologically more numerous cardiac macrophages. Upon intravenous administration of 64 Cu-Macrin in rabbits and pigs, we detected heightened macrophage numbers in the infarcted myocardium, inflamed lung regions, and atherosclerotic plaques using a clinical PET/magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Toxicity studies in rats and human dosimetry estimates suggest that 64 Cu-Macrin is safe for use in humans. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate 64 Cu-Macrin could serve as a facile PET nanotracer to survey spatiotemporal macrophage dynamics during various physiological and pathological conditions. 64 Cu-Macrin PET imaging could stage inflammatory cardiovascular disease activity, assist disease management, and serve as an imaging biomarker for emerging macrophage-targeted therapeutics.

scholarly journals Imaging of brain oxygenation with magnetic resonance imaging: A validation with positron emission tomography in the healthy and tumoural brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2584-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Valable ◽  
Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont ◽  
Ararat Chakhoyan ◽  
Lucile Durand ◽  
Jérôme Toutain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

The partial pressure in oxygen remains challenging to map in the brain. Two main strategies exist to obtain surrogate measures of tissue oxygenation: the tissue saturation studied by magnetic resonance imaging (StO2-MRI) and the identification of hypoxia by a positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker with 3-[18F]fluoro-1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-2-propanol ([18F]-FMISO) as the leading radiopharmaceutical. Nonetheless, a formal validation of StO2-MRI against FMISO-PET has not been performed. The objective of our studies was to compare the two approaches in (a) the normal rat brain when the rats were submitted to hypoxemia; (b) animals implanted with four tumour types differentiated by their oxygenation. Rats were submitted to normoxic and hypoxemic conditions. For the brain tumour experiments, U87-MG, U251-MG, 9L and C6 glioma cells were orthotopically inoculated in rats. For both experiments, StO2-MRI and [18F]-FMISO PET were performed sequentially. Under hypoxemia conditions, StO2-MRI revealed a decrease in oxygen saturation in the brain. Nonetheless, [18F]-FMISO PET, pimonidazole immunohistochemistry and molecular biology were insensitive to hypoxia. Within the context of tumours, StO2-MRI was able to detect hypoxia in the hypoxic models, mimicking [18F]-FMISO PET with high sensitivity/specificity. Altogether, our data clearly support that, in brain pathologies, StO2-MRI could be a robust and specific imaging biomarker to assess hypoxia.

scholarly journals 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for diagnosis of HCC: implications for therapeutic strategy in curative and non-curative approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628481983620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Kornberg ◽  
Helmut Friess
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Tumor Invasiveness ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Individual

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health issue with increasing incidence and high mortality rate. Depending on the tumor load and extent of underlying liver cirrhosis, aggressive surgical treatment by hepatectomy or liver transplantation (LT) may lead to cure, whereas different modalities of liver-directed locoregional or systemic tumor treatments are currently available for a noncurative approach. Apart from tumor burden and grade of liver dysfunction, assessment of prognostic relevant biological tumor aggressiveness is vitally important for establishing a promising multimodal therapeutic strategy and improving the individual treatment-related risk/benefit ratio. In recent years, an increasing body of clinical evidence has been presented that 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), which is a standard nuclear imaging device in oncology, may serve as a powerful surrogate for tumor invasiveness and prognosis in HCC patients and, thereby, impact individual decision making on most appropriate therapy concept. This review describes the currently available data on the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET in patients with early and advanced HCC stages and the resulting implications for treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Microvascular Invasion in HCC: The Molecular Imaging Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Cuccurullo ◽  
Giuseppe Danilo Di Stasio ◽  
Giuseppe Mazzarella ◽  
Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Microvascular Invasion ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Milan Criteria ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Primary Liver Tumor ◽  
Positron Emission

Hepatocellular carcinoma represents the most frequent primary liver tumor; curative options are only surgical resection and liver transplantation. From 1996, Milan Criteria are applied in consideration of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular for liver transplantation; nonetheless, more recently, Milan Criteria have been criticized because they appear over conservative. Apart from number and size of lesions and biomarker levels, which already have been associated with poorer prognosis, overall survival and recurrence rates after transplantation are affected also by the presence of vascular invasion. Microvascular invasion suggests a poor prognosis but it is often hard to detect before transplant. Diagnostic imaging and tumor markers may play an important role and become the main tools to define microvascular invasion. In particular, a possible role could be found for computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. In this paper, we analyze the possible role of positron emission tomography as a preoperative imaging biomarker capable of predicting microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and thus selecting optimal candidates for liver transplantation.

The Application of Positron Emission Tomography to the Study of Mass Transfer in Fractured Rocks

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gilling ◽  
N. L. Jefferies ◽  
P. Fowles ◽  
M. R. Hawkesworth ◽  
D. J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Single Fracture ◽  
Hard Rocks ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTWater flow in hard rocks takes place dominantly in fractures. In order to predict the transport of dissolved radioelements through a fractured rock it is necessary to take into account both the geometry of the fracture network and the hydraulic properties of the individual fractures. This paper describes a technique for studying mass transfer in a single fracture. The technique is positron emission tomography (PET) and it offers the potential for visualising quantitatively the migration of dissolved tracers. Preliminary experiments have been undertaken involving the flow of Na-22 and F-18 labelled solutions through artificial fractures. The results demonstrate that PET is well suited to this application.

Predictive Impact of 2-18Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography for Residual Postchemotherapy Masses in Patients With Bulky Seminoma

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3740-3744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Santis ◽  
Carsten Bokemeyer ◽  
Alexander Becherer ◽  
Franz Stoiber ◽  
Karin Oechsle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Viable Tumor ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Viable Tumor Tissue ◽  
Pet Scans ◽  
Residual Lesions

PURPOSE: To establish the predictive potential of 2-18fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) for detecting viable tumor tissue in residual postchemotherapy masses of seminoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective multicenter trial, results of FDG PET studies in seminoma patients with postchemotherapy masses ≥ 1 cm were correlated with either the histology of the resected lesion or the clinical outcome on follow-up without resection. Negative PET scans of residual lesions that were devoid of viable tumor tissue on resection or disappeared, shrunk, or remained stable in size for at least 2 years were rated as true-negative (TN). Positive scans without histologic or clinical evidence of tumor tissue were classified as false-positive. In patients with histologically positive or progressive lesions, positive PET scans were defined as true-positive (TP) and negative scans, false-negative (FN). RESULTS: Thirty-seven PET scans of 33 patients were assessable at a median follow-up time of 23 months (range, 2 to 46 months). Histologic data were available from nine patients who had undergone resection. Twenty-eight patients were followed-up clinically and radiologically. Twenty-eight scans were TN, eight were TP, and one was FN. All 14 residual lesions more than 3 cm and 22 (96%) of the 23 ≤ 3 cm were correctly predicted by FDG PET. The specificity (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.7% to 100%), sensitivity (89%; 95% CI, 51.7% to 99.7%), positive predictive value (100%), and the negative predictive value (97%) of FDG PET were superior to data obtained by assessing residual tumor size (≤ or > 3 cm). CONCLUSION: FDG PET is a clinically useful predictor of viable tumor in postchemotherapy residuals of pure seminoma, especially those greater than 3 cm.

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