Cancer Genetic Testing and Assisted Reproduction

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (29) ◽  
pp. 4775-4782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Offit ◽  
Kelly Kohut ◽  
Bartholt Clagett ◽  
Eve A. Wadsworth ◽  
Kelly J. Lafaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Familial Cancer ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cancer Genetic ◽  
Cancer Syndromes

Purpose Because of increasing uptake of cancer genetic testing and the improving survival of young patients with cancer, health care practitioners including oncologists will increasingly be asked about options for assisted reproduction by members of families affected by hereditary cancer syndromes. Among these reproductive options, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers the opportunity to select embryos without familial cancer-predisposing mutations. Methods A review of the published literature supplemented by a survey of PGD centers in the United States. Results Prenatal diagnosis and/or embryo selection after genetic testing has already been performed in the context of more than a dozen familial cancer syndromes, including the common syndromes of genetic predisposition to colon and breast cancer. Conclusion While constituting new reproductive options for families affected by cancer, the medical indications and ethical acceptance of assisted reproductive technologies for adult-onset cancer predisposition syndromes remain to be defined. Continued discussion of the role of PGD in the reproductive setting is needed to inform the responsible use of these technologies to decrease the burden of heritable cancers.

Designing Babies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klitzman
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Commercial Market

Since the first “test tube baby” was born over 40 years ago, in vitro fertilization and other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have advanced in extraordinary ways, producing millions of babies. About 20% of Americans use infertility services, and that number is growing. ARTs enable gay and lesbian couples, single parents, and now others to have offspring. Prospective parents can also use preimplantation genetic diagnosis to avoid passing on certain mutations to their children and to avoid abortions of fetuses with these mutations. Other future parents routinely choose the sex of their child and whether to give birth to twins. In the United States, these procedures are largely unregulated, and a large commercial market has rapidly grown, using “egg donors,” buying and selling human eggs and sperm, and using gestational surrogates. Potential parents; policymakers; doctors, including reproductive endocrinologists; and others thus face critical complex questions about the use—or possible misuse—of ARTs. This book examines ethical, social, and policy questions about these crucial technologies. Based on in-depth interviews, Robert Klitzman explores how doctors and patients struggle with quandaries of whether, when, and how to use ARTs. He articulates the full range of these crucial issues, from economic pressures to moral and social challenges of making decisions that will profoundly shape these offspring. The book explores, too, broader social and moral questions regarding gene editing, CRISPR, and eugenics. Klitzman argues for closer regulation of these technologies, which are altering future generations and the human species as a whole.

Legal restrictions on pre-implantation genetic diagnostics in the framework of in vitro fertilization procedure: foreign experience and Russian perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Altinnik , S.S. Zenin , V.V. Komarova et all
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Medical Indications

The article discusses the factors that determine the content of the legal limitations of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis in the framework of the in vitro fertilization procedure, taking into account international experience and modern domestic regulatory legal regulation of the field of assisted reproductive technologies. The authors substantiates the conclusion that it is necessary to legislate a list of medical indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis, as well as the categories of hereditary or other genetic diseases diagnosed in the framework of this procedure.

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF A CHILD BORN WITH THE USE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Ksenia A. Zhirikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Surrogate Mother

The article deals with the problems of inheritance by children born with the help of assisted reproductive technologies, in particular, after a surrogate mother, after the death of one of the parents, etc. These problems are not regulated in Russian legislation. The article proposes directions for its improvement in order to protect a child born with the help of assisted reproduction.

154 A method of oviductal semen deposition for use in the goat

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
N. Buzzell ◽  
S. Blash ◽  
K. Miner ◽  
M. Schofield ◽  
J. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Post Surgery

The objective of this study was to investigate a method of oviducal semen deposition as a strategy for producing offspring from poor-quality cryopreserved goat sperm. Invitro fertilisation (IVF) and AI are common assisted reproductive technologies used in small ruminants, but they have varied results in the goat. The use of poor-quality cryopreserved-thawed sperm (<50% live/dead ratio at post-thaw) can decrease the rate of success. These procedures were performed in the month of November in Central Massachusetts in the United States (42° N). Seven 10-year-old dairy goats (Saanen, Toggenburg, and Alpine breeds) were synchronised and superovulated using a progesterone implant on Day 0, a prostaglandin injection at Day 7, two daily injections of 36mg of FSH ~12h apart on Days 12-15, and progesterone implant removal on Day 14 followed by an injection of 50µg of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Sperm deposition was performed on Day 17 (72 h after implant removal). The animals were anaesthetised using a standardised protocol, intubated, and maintained using isoflurane, and sterile prep was performed before a midline laparotomy procedure. Straws from a single ejaculate from a transgenic founder that was cryopreserved using a commercial two-step glycerol-egg yolk-based extender were used. A straw from this collection was post-thawed 30 days after collection and, using a commercial live/dead stain, 67% live sperm was determined. The optimal type of sperm prep and sperm concentration is unknown and may be dependent on sperm quality. Therefore, different gradient preps using Vitrolife SpermGrad at three volumes (1.5 (used on two animals), 1.0, and 0.5mL) as well as two volumes of IVF Bioscience Bovine BO-SemenPrep (4.0mL (used on two animals) and 2.0mL) were used. All five pellets were diluted in 1.0mL of IVF Bioscience Bovine BO-IVF media. Sperm concentrations ranging from 75×106 to 27×106 spermmL−1 were deposited into one oviduct; then, a 10:1 dilution was performed and 7.5×106 to 2.7×10 spermmL−1 were deposited into the contralateral oviduct. The depositions were performed just proximal to the uterotubal junction in a volume of 0.1mL of diluent via a tuberculin syringe attached to a 20-gauge needle. Two days following the procedure, oviducts were flushed postmortem from three of the seven randomly selected goats. All three had fertilised embryos, and nineteen 8-cell embryos were retrieved. Three of these embryos were surgically transferred to the distal uterine horn of a suitable recipient. The recipient became pregnant and produced a single offspring. The remaining four of seven goats were killed 41 days post-surgery. Two of the four goats were pregnant, with one carrying one fetus and the other carrying five fetuses. Further studies are needed to optimise this method, but these initial results indicate that oviducal semen deposition directly into the oviduct proximal to the uterotubal junction may be a suitable alternative for producing offspring from suboptimal cryopreserved-thawed goat sperm.

scholarly journals Is Information Power? Comparing Anonymous and Open Egg Donation

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Speier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Egg Donation ◽  
Gamete Donation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Egg Donor

Both the Czech Republic and the United States are destinations for cross-border reproductive travellers. For North Americans, including Canadians, who opt to travel to the Czech Republic for IVF using an egg donor, they are entering a fertility industry that is anonymous. This makes the Czech Republic different from other European countries that necessitate open gamete donation, as in Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom. For reproductive travellers coming to the United States for fertility treatment, there is a wider menu of choices regarding egg donation given the vastly unregulated nature of the industry. More recently, professionals in the industry are pushing for ‘open’ egg donation. For intended parents traveling to either location seeking in vitro fertilization using an egg donor, they must choose whether or not to pursue open or closed donation. As pre-conception parents, they navigate competing discourses of healthy parenting of donor-conceived offspring. They must be reflexive about their choices, and protective when weighing their options, always keeping their future child's mental, physical and genetic health in mind. Drawing from ethnographic data collected over the course of six years in the United States and the Czech Republic, this paper will explore both programs, paying special attention to the question of how gamete donation and global assisted reproductive technologies intersect with different notions about healthy pre-conception parenting.

The Affordable Care Act and assisted reproductive technology use

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Stapleton ◽  
Daniel Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Insurance Markets ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
American Society

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has prompted numerous gender and sexuality controversies. We describe and analyze those involving assisted reproductive technologies (ART). ART in the United States has been regulated in piecemeal fashion, with oversight primarily by individual states. While leaving state authority largely intact, the ACA federalized key practices by establishing essential health benefits (EHBs) that regulate insurance markets and prohibit insurance-coverage denials based on pre-existing conditions. Whatever their intentions, the ACA’s drafters thus put infertility in a subtly provocative new light clinically, financially, normatively, politically, and culturally. With particular attention to normative and political dynamics embedded in plausible regulatory trajectories, we review—and attempt topreview—the ACA’s effects on infertility-related delivery of health services, on ART utilization, and on reproductive medicine as a factor in American society.

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