Treatment of colorectal cancer in elder patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19595-19595
Author(s):  
A. Piga ◽  
M. Miscoria ◽  
G. Aprile ◽  
M. Cozzi ◽  
E. Iaiza ◽  
...  

19595 Background: Tumor-related mortality is higher in elder patients worldwide. This may be due to comorbidities associated with age but also, at least in part, to a cautious approach by the attending physician(s) which might result in inadequate or even denied treatment. This approach is purportedly justified by scarcity of literature reports on effectiveness, tolerance and side effects of chemotherapy and other treatments on this category of patients. Methods: We have reviewed clinical records of patients of 70 years of age or older with colorectal cancer who came to our first observation between January 2004 and April 2006. We have correlated the appropriateness of therapeutic decisions, based on adherence to clinical standards, to the clinical characteristics of the patients and in particular to number and degree of coexisting morbidities. Chi square test was used for analysing the association between variables. Results: We have reviewed the records of 193 patients with colorectal cancer, to a total of 215 events, including 22 relapses in the same patients, in which a new therapeutic decision was involved. Adjuvant treatment was omitted in 40% of patients with stage III colon cancer, and 38% of patients with stage III rectal cancer. Chemotherapy was also omitted in 34% of patients with stage IV colon cancer and 35% of patients with stage IV rectal cancer. Even when patients received treatment, preference was given to drugs and regimens of low toxicity. Therapeutic decisions appeared in most cases based on age rather than number and severity of comorbidities. On the other hand, once the decision to treat was taken, the treatment was given as programmed, although 21% of patients received drug doses lower than 75% of projected dose; reasons for abandoning the treatment were progression and toxicity in stage IV, and more often patient's refusal in stage III. Conclusions: In a disease where standards of treatment are well defined, elder patients often receive inadequate treatment or no therapy at all. Although the justification for inadequate treatment is or should be poor clinical conditions of patients, this is not apparent from review of clinical records. Efforts should be made to have in elder patients standardised evaluation of physical status and comorbidities on a regular basis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4049-4049 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hamaguchi ◽  
K. Shirao ◽  
Y. Moriya ◽  
S. Yoshida ◽  
S. Kodaira ◽  
...  

4049 Background: In the latter 1990s, no consensus was reached as to whether adjuvant chemotherapy was standard treatment for completely resected stage III colorectal cancer in Japan. At that time, we started two randomized controlled trials to clarify the role of adjuvant chemotherapy of stage III colon and rectal cancer in the same time. Methods: Patients with completely resected stage III cancer of the colon or rectum (PS, 0 to 2; age, 20 to 75 years; no other adjuvant therapy) were eligible for these trials. Patients were registered within 6 weeks after surgery and were randomly assigned to receive surgery alone (control group) or surgery followed by treatment with UFT (400 mg/m2/day), given for 5 consecutive days per week for 1 year (UFT group). The target number of patients was 500 for colon cancer and 400 for rectal cancer (hazard ratio = 0.67, one-sided a= 0.05, β= 0.2). The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS), and the secondary end point was overall survival (OS). Results: Between October 1996 and April 2001, a total of 334 patients with colon cancer and 276 with rectal cancer were enrolled. Four ineligible patients were excluded; data from the remaining 332 patients with colon cancer and 274 with rectal cancer were analyzed. The patients’ characteristics were similar in the groups. Analysis of the results of follow-up until March 2006, at least 5 years after surgery in all patients (median follow-up period, 6.2 years), showed no significant difference in RFS or OS in colon cancer. In rectal cancer, however, RFS and OS were significantly better in the UFT group than in the control group. The only grade 4 toxicity was diarrhea, occurring in 1 patient with colon cancer and 1 patient with rectal cancer. Conclusions: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT is well tolerated and improved RFS and OS in patients with stage III rectal cancer. In colon cancer, the expected benefits were not obtained (hazard ratio = 0.67). [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e035556
Author(s):  
Heigo Reima ◽  
Jaan Soplepmann ◽  
Anneli Elme ◽  
Mari Lõhmus ◽  
Rena Tiigi ◽  
...  

ObjectivesLarge disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) management and survival have been observed across Europe. Despite recent increases, the survival deficit of Estonian patients with CRC persists, particularly for rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine diagnostic, staging and treatment patterns of CRC in Estonia, comparing clinical data from 1997 and 2011.DesignNationwide population-based retrospective study.SettingEstonia.ParticipantsAll incident cases of colon and rectal cancer diagnosed in 1997 and 2011 identified from the Estonian Cancer Registry. Clinical data gathered from medical records.Outcome measuresDifferences in diagnostic, staging and treatment patterns; 5-year relative survival ratios.ResultsThe number of colon cancer cases was 337 in 1997 and 498 in 2011; for rectal cancer, the respective numbers were 209 and 349. From 1997 to 2011, large increases were seen in the use of colonoscopy and lung and liver imaging. Radical resection rate increased from 48% to 59%, but emergency surgeries showed a rise from 18% to 26% in colon and from 7% to 14% in rectal cancer. The proportion of radically operated patients with ≥12 lymph nodes examined pathologically increased from 2% to 58% in colon cancer and from 2% to 50% in rectal cancer. The use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy increased from 6% to 39% among stage II and from 20% to 50% among patients with stage III rectal cancer. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer increased from 42% to 63%. The 5-year RSR increased from 50% to 58% in colon cancer and from 37% to 64% in patients with rectal cancer.ConclusionsMajor improvements were seen in the diagnostics, staging and treatment of CRC in Estonia contributing to better outcomes. Increase in emergency surgeries highlights possible shortcomings in timely diagnosis and treatment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18281-e18281
Author(s):  
Matthew Blake Lockwood ◽  
Krishna Prasad Joshi ◽  
James Mobley ◽  
Suneetha Sampath ◽  
Eric R Siegel ◽  
...  

e18281 Background: Peripheral sensory neuropathy (PN) is a known dose limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin, used to treat patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with rectal cancer receive radiation therapy (RT) in addition to oxaliplatin in adjuvant setting. Pelvic radiation causes plexopathy due to demyelination, ischemia due to blood-vessel injury, and nerve fibrosis. To assess if RT increases the incidence of peripheral neuropathy, we conducted an analysis of patients with colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin alone vs. oxaliplatin and radiation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of subjects with stages II, III, and IV rectal (R) and colon (C) cancer from 2005 to 2014 was conducted. Only subjects receiving O with or without RT were included. The incidence of PN was compared for increase in subjects receiving both O and RT compared to O alone via one-sided chi-square tests at 5% alpha, both overall and after subgrouping by stage. Results: Out of 261 subjects analyzed, 158 met the study’s criteria. There were 97 C (all received only O) and 61 R (10 received only O; 51 received O+RT). PN occurred in 37% (19/51) of subjects receiving O+RT compared to 22% (24/107) receiving only O ( P= 0.025). In Stage II-III disease, PN occurred at nearly equal rates of 36% (14/39) in subjects receiving O+RT and 33% (16/46) in subjects receiving O only ( P= 0.457). However, in Stage IV disease, PN occurred in 42% (5/12) of subjects receiving O+RT compared to 13% (8/61) of subjects receiving only O ( P= 0.009). Conclusions: In our study, the incidence of PN was higher in subjects receiving both RT and O compared to O alone. Although our study did not show higher PN in stages II and III disease, patients with rectal cancer may have residual neurotoxicity from previous radiation and the subsequent exposure to oxaliplatin may be contributing to the cumulative toxicity. [Table: see text]


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 784-784
Author(s):  
Marta Llopis Cuquerella ◽  
Maria del Carmen Ors Castaño ◽  
María Ballester Espinosa ◽  
Alejandra Magdaleno Cremades ◽  
Vicente Boix Aracil ◽  
...  

784 Background: Surgical and adjuvant treatment in extreme elderly ( > 80 years) patients with localized colorectal cancer is an unresolved issue. Owing to the lack of available neither clinical practice nor investigational data in this field we present our experience in this scenario. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data regarding surgical and complementary treatment for colorectal cancer patients aged more than 80 consecutively attended by General Surgery Department in Vega Baja Hospital between 2008 and 2013. Results: A total number of 115 colorectal cancer patients were registered. 95 patients diagnosed of localized disease were selected for analysis. Colon vs rectal cancer ratio was 4:1. Median age was 83.6 years (80-94). Male sex was predominant (60 patients, 63.2%). Emergency surgery was performed in 15 patients (15.8%). Complementary treatment to surgery was advised, according to international guidelines, in 53 patients (55.8%). 10 patients (18.9%) with an advise of adjuvant treatment finally received it. More patients with rectal cancer received recommended treatment (41.7% rectal vs 12.2% colon cancer). Patients with stage III disease were more frequently finally treated according to guidelines (22.2 % stage III vs 11.8% stage II). More patients with stage II rectal cancer were advised and received treatment (recommendation: 66.7% rectal vs 36.1% colon cancer; administration: 25% rectal vs 7.7% colon cancer). Treatment was also more frequently administered to stage III rectal cancer (50% rectal vs 14.3% rectal cancer) (Table). Conclusions: Our experience in localized colorectal cancer in extreme elderly patients ( > 80 years) showed that, although advised according to guidelines, most of them did not receive adjuvant treatment to surgery. Complementary treatment administration was more common in rectal cancer patients and with more advanced disease. [Table: see text]


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4072-4072
Author(s):  
Abdul Moiz Khan ◽  
Zainub Ajmal ◽  
Usman Naseer ◽  
Darren Gemoets ◽  
Syed Arzoo Mehdi

4072 Background: While the overall incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is decreasing, the rate has increased in population under 50, with higher stages at diagnosis and a greater proportion of African Americans (AA). Hence, there is an ongoing debate about the age of CRC screening. These trends have not been studied in the VA population. Methods: ICD-10 codes C18-C20 were used to identify the cases of colon and rectal cancer in National VA Cancer Cube Registry. 43,544 cases of colon cancer, 1,278 below and 42,254 above age 50, and 19,815 cases of rectal cancer, 862 below and 18,948 above age 50 were identified between 2003-17. Younger age group was defined as patients less than 50 years old. IRB approval was obtained. Results: Our data comprised > 97% of male patients. In younger group, in the 5 year periods, 2003-07, 2008-12 and 2013-17, colon cancer rate increased from 2.59% to 2.79% to 3.59%, while for rectal cancer it increased from 3.5% to 4.3% to 5.3% (p < .0001). Blacks comprise 31.6% cases of colon cancer and 27.15% cases of rectal cancer in under 50 group, compared to 18.5% and 15.9% of cases in above 50 group respectively (p < .0001). For under 50 group, 48.6% cases of colon and 42.2% cases of rectal cancer were diagnosed in stage III or IV compared to 35.7% and 34.05% cases in above 50 group respectively (p < .0001). For colon cancer, 51.87% of patients in the younger group have a < 5 year survival, worse compared to 45.05% in 50-60 group (p < .0001) and similar to 49.3% in 60-70 group (p = .08). For rectal cancer, 5 year survival showed no difference between these groups. Stage specific survival shows no difference for either colon or rectal cancer across < 50, 50-60 and 60-70 age groups. Conclusions: Rate of CRC is rising in < 50 age group with more advanced stage at diagnosis and higher proportion of African Americans. For colon cancer, < 50 group has a worse 5 year survival as compared to 50-60 age group likely due to increased proportion of patients in stage III or IV, as there is no difference in stage specific survival. For rectal cancer, the 5 year survival or stage specific survival shows no difference in < 50, 50-60 and 60-70 groups. These results add to our understanding of the trends of CRC and should be accounted for in the screening guidelines.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1286-1297
Author(s):  
Samvel Bardakhchyan ◽  
Sergo Mkhitaryan ◽  
Davit Zohrabyan ◽  
Liana Safaryan ◽  
Armen Avagyan ◽  
...  

PURPOSE In Armenia, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. It is in the third place by incidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment and outcomes of CRC in Armenia during the last 9 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this retrospective hospital-based study, we have collected data from two main oncology centers in Armenia: National Oncology Center and “Muratsan” Hospital of Yerevan State Medical University. The information about patients with CRC who were treated at these two centers between January 1, 2010 and July 1, 2018 was collected from the medical records. Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. Prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression. RESULTS A total of 602 patients with CRC were involved in the final analysis. Median follow-up time was 37 months (range, 3-207 months). A total of 8.6% of patients had stage I, 32.9% stage II, 38.0% stage III, and 17.6% stage IV cancer; for 2.7% patients, the stage was unknown. The main independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were tumor stage, grade, and histology. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in stage II colon cancer and stage III rectal but not in stage II rectal cancer. Radiotherapy did not yield survival improvement in stage II or III rectal cancer. Three- and 5-year OS rates were 62.9% and 51.8% for all stages combined and 79.7% and 68.5% for stages I-II, 62.5% and 48.4% for stage III, and 24.4% and 17% for stage IV respectively. CONCLUSION As seen from our results, our survival rates are lower than those of the developed world. Additional research is needed to identify the underlying reasons and to improve patients’ treatment and outcomes in Armenia.


2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Z. Stor ◽  
R. Juvan ◽  
F. Jelenc ◽  
S. Repse

In Slovenia the incidence of colorectal cancer is growing rapidly. In 1998 1022 new cases were registered. Our study compares results of two groups of patients with colorectal cancer. Patients and methods. In the period from 1.1.1991 to 31.12.2000 1478 patients with a colorectal carcinoma underwent potentially curative resection. We divided them in two groups, one operated in the first 5-years and second in later 5-years period. 5- years survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis. Patients who died within 30 days after the operation were censored. Differences in survival curves between both groups were assessed by the log rank test. Results. We resected 1478 /1599 (92,4%) patients. There was 913 (61,7%) patients resected with colon cancer and 528 (35,8%) with rectal cancer and 37 (2,5%) with sinhronius tumors. R0 resection was performed in 1174 (79,4%) patients, R1 in 29 (2,0%), and R2 in 273 (18,5%) patients. Postoperative mortality rate in resected patients was 5,48% (81/1478), in the group with paliative operations was 17,35% (21/121). Overall five-years survival rate was 54,9% (56,18% for colon cancer and 52,4% for rectal cancer Five years survival rate for the patients with radical resection (R0) was 66,54% for colon cancer and 59,47% for rectal cancer. Conclusion. 5-years survival for R0-resected patients with colon cancer was in the last period from 1996 to 2000 statistically significantly better compared with the period from 1991 to 1995 (76% vs 60%) in stage I (p=0,04048) and in stage III (p=0,01842). 5-years survival for R0-resected patients with rectal cancer was significantly better in the same period (63% vs 55%) (p= 0,03627) in stage III (p=0,01663).


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 802-802
Author(s):  
Alejandra Magdaleno Cremades ◽  
María del Carmen Ors Castaño ◽  
María Ballester Espinosa ◽  
Marta Llopis Cuquerella ◽  
María del Rocío Ramirez Belloch ◽  
...  

802 Background: Clinical trials are criticized due to inclusion of selected populations. The aim of this analysis is to compare populations included in clinical trials which justify treatment recommendations in stage III and IV colorectal cancer (CRC) to patient populations in our area. Methods: Data related to age, sex, primary tumor and stage of CRC patients consecutively diagnosed in Vega Baja Hospital and Elche University General Hospital were collected. Also data regarding the same variables were collected from the publications of clinical trials which justify adjuvant treatment in stage III colon cancer and combination treatment with chemotherapy and targeted therapies in stage IV CRC. Results: We analyzed 249 patients with stage III colon cancer and 237 patients with stage IV CRC from our area. In our experience, 56.6% of stage III colon cancer were males, and median age was 66.2 years (23 - 91), with 41.8% ≥ 70 years. In clinical trials supporting adjuvant treatment 54 - 56.1% of patients were males, and median age was 59 - 61 years (19-83), with 14 - 21.7% ≥ 70 years. In our experience 64.4% of stage IV CRC patients were males, and median age was 67.2 years (38-89), 76.4% primary tumor in colon. In clinical trials supporting combination treatment with chemotherapy and targeted therapies 60-67% of patients were males, and median age was 59.2 – 62 years, primary tumor in colon 57.9 – 81% (Table). Conclusions: Patient populations included in clinical trials which support standard treatment in CRC are younger to those in our area. This fact, added to the restrictions based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of clinical trials, justify the qualification of “selected” to these populations not being representative of our clinical practice. [Table: see text]


2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e360-e367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Wong ◽  
Shannon Stock ◽  
Deborah Schrag ◽  
Katherine L. Kahn ◽  
Talya Salz ◽  
...  

Physicians agreed that the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer and chemotherapy, and radiation for stage III rectal cancer, outweigh the risks, but were divided over the net benefit of adjuvant therapies for stage II colorectal cancer.


2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3566-3566
Author(s):  
D. S. Lo ◽  
A. Pollett ◽  
S. Gallinger ◽  
L. L. Siu ◽  
R. L. Burkes

3566 Background: Tumor nodules are occasionally found in adjacent mesentery of colorectal cancer specimens, but their prognostic significance is unclear. According to the TNM staging system, mesenteric nodules are classified as part of T or N categories, but clinically they are regarded to reflect a worse prognosis, more like M1. We investigated the clinical significance of mesenteric tumor nodules. Methods: We reviewed 786 patients with stage III colorectal cancer referred between 1995 and 1999. We standardized TNM staging by assigning N status based on number of definite lymph nodes. Mesenteric nodules were considered separately and not assigned to T or N categories. Survival analyses were performed. Results: Mesenteric tumor nodules were found in 116 patients (14.8%); 48 with colon cancer (41.4%) and 68 rectal cancer (58.6%). Mean age at surgery was 62.8±1.0 yrs (SE), and the male: female ratio was 1.2. All tumors were adenocarcinomas with an average size of 4.3±0.1 cm, and the majority were moderately differentiated. Resection margins were clear except in 7 cases. With respect to high risk features, 6 cases (5.2%) had bowel perforation, 12 (10.3%) obstructive symptoms, 41 (35.3%) lymphovascular invasion, and 11 (9.5%) were T4 lesions. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 84.8% of colon cancer patients. Two (2.9%) rectal cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemo-radiation, and 63 (92.6%) received adjuvant therapy; chemotherapy, radiation or both. In the cohort with mesenteric nodules, the median time to progression was 23.1 months; the median 5-yr disease free survival was 35%; and the median overall survival (OS) was 47.9 months, with 44% OS at 5 yrs. After TNM standardization, 19 (16.4%) patients were down-staged to either stage I or II, and their 5-yr OS was 60% (SEER Stage II 5 yr survival 82.5%). In the remaining cohort-patients with stage III disease after standardization, the 5-yr OS was 40% (SEER 5yr survival Stage IIIc 44.3%; Stage IV 8.1%). Conclusions: In comparison to SEER survival data, the presence of mesenteric nodules appears to worsen prognosis of any T/N0 disease to that of overall stage III disease. Patients with mesenteric nodules in the setting of any T/N1+ disease had prognosis similar to that of stage IIIC disease, but their prognosis was better than M1 disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


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