Higher incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in African-American women in Louisiana.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17522-e17522
Author(s):  
Genevieve Folse Maronge ◽  
Xiao-cheng Wu ◽  
Vivien Chen ◽  
Xiangrong Li ◽  
Brian C. Boulmay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

e17522 Background: Cervical cancer [CC] incidence in the United States has decreased over the last thirty years in black and white Americans, however it is recognized that black women [BW] have higher incidence and mortality rates than white women [WW]. We evaluated race-specific incidence of CC, mortality rates of CC, and HPV vaccine usage rates in Louisiana [LA] during the last decade, the state with the second highest proportion of black Americans in the United States [US]. Methods: Data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries were analyzed for trends in incidence and mortality rate [MR] in BW and WW in LA and the US. SEER 13 and SEER 18 data were used and standardized to the 2000 US population to estimate annual age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates. Results: The incidence of CC in WW in LA was 8.2 per 100,000 from 2006 to 2009, and 7.9 per 100,000 in WW in US. The incidence in BW in LA was 13.3 per 100,000, as compared to the US at 9.7 per 100,000, a 36% higher incidence in BW. The MR in WW in LA and the US was 2.4 and 2.2 per 100,000. The MR for BW in LA was 5.8 per 100,000 and the US was 4.3 per 100,000, a 37% higher incidence in BW. WW in LA and the US showed a peak in incidence between the ages of 35 and 45 from 2006 to 2009. The incidence in BW in LA peaked at 37.1 per 100,000 at age 85 and the incidence in BW in the US peaked at 25.6 per 100,000 at age 85. HPV vaccination rates for LA females ages 13-15 in 2008 and 2009 were 16.1% and 35.4%. Conclusions: BW in LA were twice as likely to be diagnosed with CC than WW with a higher MR. Though the incidence rate of CC is decreasing in WW and BW in the US and in WW in LA, it is increasing in BW in LA and continues to trend up throughout life in BW compared to WW. The high incidence of CC in BW in LA highlights the need to improve utilization of the HPV vaccine. A screening and treatment program targeting CC was implemented within the last decade in the LA public hospital system with the goal of reducing CC incidence and mortality.

Incidence and Survival Rates of Gynecological Malignancies in The United States Before and After the HPV Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
N Talibova ◽  
A Sohaib ◽  
M Gouda ◽  
M Gunaldi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Gynecological Malignancies ◽  
Before And After

Intoduction: Gynecological malignancies are one of the most common cancers in women and have high mortality rates in the United States. In this study, we aimed to analyze the incidence and mortality rates of gynecological malignancies in 2011-2015 and compare these data with the corresponding parameters of 2001-2005. We chose these intervals of years for contrasting, as HPV vaccines have been actively used since 2006. HPV vaccine is known to prevent cervical cancer but has unknown impact on other gynecological malignancies. The aim of the is study is to check if incidence and survival of gynecological malignancies has changed before and after application of HPV vaccine Material and Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry 2005-2011 and 2011-2015 database was investigated and patients with gynecological malignancy were identified. Data were obtained using SEER*Stat version 8.3.5. A statistical analysis on the incidence rate and mortality rate was performed. Data were exported using case-listing session in SEER*Stat and were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Overall 125,357 cases with a gynecological malignancy were identified in 2011-2015 in comparison with 102,534 cases in the period of 2001-2005. The incidence of cervical cancer decreased in the period of 2011-2015 compared with the period from 2001 to 2005 (median incidence rates 3.9 and 4.3 per 100.000 persons, respectively, p < 0.05), while incidence of uterine (15.3 and 12.0 per 100.000 persons persons, respectively) and vulvar (1.55 and 1.86 per 100.000 persons, respectively) has increased ( p < 0.05). There was no change in the incidence rate of ovarian cancer (7.28 and 7.19 per 100.000 persons). Survival rates for cervix, uterine, ovarian and vulva cancer have increased. However, zero time error couldn’t be avoided in statistical analysis. Conclusion: As a result of widespread screening with Pap smear test and availability of human papilloma virus vaccine the incidence of cervix cancer has declined. Increase in vulvar and uterine cancer incidence may be attributed to lack of effective screening program for early detection of these type of cancers and most probably HPV vaccine has no effect on their incidence. Survival of gynecological malignancies has increased over years which may be explained by better treatment options or earlier detection.

scholarly journals Project ECHO: A Telementoring Program for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment in Low-Resource Settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Lopez ◽  
Ellen S. Baker ◽  
Andrea M. Milbourne ◽  
Rose M. Gowen ◽  
Ana M. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Project Echo ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries compared with the United States and other developed countries. This disparity is caused by decreased access to screening, often coupled with low numbers of trained providers offering cancer prevention and treatment services. However, similar disparities are also found in underserved areas of the United States, such as the Texas-Mexico border, where cervical cancer mortality rates are 30% higher than in the rest of Texas. To address these issues, we have adopted the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) program, a low-cost telementoring model previously proven to be successful in increasing local capacity, improving patient management skills, and ultimately improving patient outcomes in rural and underserved areas. We use the Project ECHO model to educate local providers in the management of cervical dysplasia in a low-resource region of Texas and have adapted it to inform strategies for the management of advanced cervical and breast cancer in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. This innovative approach, using ECHO, is part of a larger strategy to enhance clinical skills and develop collaborative projects between academic centers and partners in low-resource regions.

scholarly journals African American Women and Domestic Violence: Addressing their Voice of Silence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Kennedy ◽  
Chalice Rhodes (Former Jenkins)
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
African American Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Slave Owner ◽  
American Women ◽  
Strong Black Women

Abstract Historically, during slavery, the international slave trade promoted normalization of violence against African American women. During slavery, African American women endured inhuman conditions because of the majority race views of them as being over-sexualized, physically strong, and immoral. This perception of the African American women as being highly sexual and more sexual than white women results in slave owner justifying their sexual violation and degrading of the African American women. The stereotypical representations of African American women as strong, controlling, dangerous, fearless, and invulnerable may interfere with the African American women receiving the needed services for domestic violence in the community. The Strong Black Women Archetype has been dated back to slavery describing their coping mechanism in dealing with oppression by developing a strong, less traditionally female role. The authors developed a model: The Multidimensional Perspectives of Factors Contributing to Domestic Violence of African American Women in the United States. This model depicts historically, the factors contributing to domestic violence of African American women in the United States. Also, this model addressed the African American women subscribing to the Strong Black Women Archetype to cope with domestic violence. Despite the increase in domestic violence in African American women, they focused more on the issue of racism instead of sexism in America. African American women have experienced the two obstacles of racism and sexism in America. However, African American women and men believe racism is more critical than sexism. Therefore, domestic violence in the African American population may remain silent because of cultural loyalty. However, the voice of silence of African American females is gradually changing with the upcoming generations.

Abstract MP38: Intracerebral Hemorrhage Across the United States: Incidence and Mortality Trends From 1990 to 2017

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin DeLago ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Arashdeep Rupal ◽  
Chinmay Jani ◽  
Arshi Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Reversal Agents ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

Background: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% of strokes annually in the United States (US). Up-to-date trends in disease burden and regional variation remain unknown; especially after a dramatic increase in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) since 2010. Our study reports updated incidence, mortality and mortality to incidence ratio (MIR) data related to ICH across the US. Methods: This observational study utilized the Global Burden of Disease database to determine age-standardized incidence (ASIR), death (ASDR) and MIR rates for ICH overall and for each state in the US from 1990-2017. All analyses were stratified by sex. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis, with presentation of estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in ASIRs, ASDRs and MIRs over the observation period. Results: We observed an overall decrease in ASIRs, ASDRs and MIRs in both genders from 1990-2017, apart from female ASIRs and ASDRs in West Virginia and Kentucky. In 2017, the mean ASIR per 100,000 population for men was 25.67 and 19.17 for women. The 2017 mean ASDRs per 100,000 population for men and women were 13.96 and 11.35, respectively. The District of Columbia had the greatest decreases in ASIR EAPCs for males at -41.25% and females at -40.58%, and the greatest decreases in ASDR EAPCs for both males and females at -55.38% and -48.51%, respectively. The overall MIR during the study period decreased in males by -12.12% and females by -7.43%. However, MIR increased in males from 2014-2017 (EAPC +2.2% [95% CI +0.9%-+3.5%]) and in females from 2011-2017 (EAPC +1.0% [CI +0.7%-+1.4%]). Conclusion: This report reveals overall decreasing trends in incidence, mortality and MIR from 1990-2017. Notably, no significant change in mortality was found in the last 6 years of the study period, and MIR worsened in males from 2014-2017 and in females from 2011-2017, suggesting decreased ICH related survival lately. The substitution of vitamin K antagonists with DOACs is one possible explanation for a downtrend in incidence despite an aging population and increased use of anticoagulants. Limited access to reversal agents for DOACs is a potential reason for increase in MIR, however concrete deductions cannot be made owing to the observational nature of the study.

scholarly journals Reviewing Disasters: Hospital Evacuations in the United States from 2000 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s22-s22
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Sharma ◽  
Sharon Mace
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
National Registry ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Us ◽  
States Data ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Bomb Threats

Introduction:Between 2000 to 2017, there were over 150 hospital evacuations in the United States. Data received from approximately 35 states were primarily concentrated in California, Florida, and Texas. This analysis will provide disaster planners and administrators statistics on hazards that cause disruptions to hospital facilities.Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate US hospital evacuations by compiling the data into external, internal, and man-made disasters thus creating a risk assessment for disaster planning.Methods:Hospital reports were retrieved from LexisNexis, Google, and PubMed databases and categorized according to evacuees, duration, location, and type. These incidents were grouped into three classifications: external, internal, and man-made. Both partial and full evacuations were included in the study design.Results:There were a total of 154 reported evacuations in the United States. 110 (71%) were due to external threats, followed by 24 (16%) man-made threats, and 20 (13%) internal threats. Assessing the external causes, 60 (55%) were attributed to hurricanes, 21 (19%) to wildfires, and 8 (7%) to storms. From the internal threats, 8 (40%) were attributed to hospital fires and 4 (20%) chemical fumes. From the man-made threats, 6 (40%) were attributed to bomb threats and 4 (27%) gunmen. From the 20 total reported durations of evacuations, 9 (45%) lasted between 2 to 11:59 hours, 6 (30%) lasted over 24 hours, and 5 (25%) lasted up to 1:59 hours.Discussion:Over 70% of hospital evacuations in the US were due to natural disasters. Compared to 1971-1999, there was an increase in internal and man-made threats. Exact statistics on evacuees, durations, injuries, and mortality rates were unascertainable due to a lack of reporting. It is critical to implement a national registry to report specifics on incidences of evacuations to further assist with disaster and infrastructure planning.

scholarly journals Incidence and mortality rates of selected infection-related cancers in Puerto Rico and in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P Ortiz ◽  
Marievelisse Soto-Salgado ◽  
William A Calo ◽  
Guillermo Tortolero-Luna ◽  
Cynthia M Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Expanding Our Impact in Cervical Cancer Treatment: Novel Immunotherapies, Radiation Innovations, and Consideration of Rare Histologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Randall ◽  
Amanda J. Walker ◽  
Angela Y. Jia ◽  
Devin T. Miller ◽  
Dmitriy Zamarin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is a socially and scientifically distinguishable disease. Its pathogenesis, sexual transmission of high-risk HPV to a metaplastic portion of the uterine cervix, makes cervical cancer preventable by safe and effective HPV vaccines commercially available since 2006. Despite this, cervical cancer remains the deadliest gynecologic cancer in the world. Regrettably, global incidence and mortality rates disproportionately affect populations where women are marginalized, where HIV infection is endemic, and where access to preventive vaccination and screening for preinvasive disease are limited. In the United States, cervical cancer incidence has gradually declined over the last 25 years, but mortality rates remain both constant and disparately higher among communities of color because of the adverse roles that racism and poverty play in outcome. Until these conditions improve and widespread prevention is possible, treatment innovations are warranted. The last standard-of-care treatment changes occurred in 1999 for locally advanced disease and in 2014 for metastatic and recurrent disease. The viral and immunologic nature of HPV-induced cervical cancer creates opportunities for both radiation and immunotherapy to improve outcomes. With the advent of T cell–directed therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, and techniques to increase the therapeutic window of radiation treatment, an overdue wave of innovation is currently emerging in cervical cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the contemporary developmental therapeutic landscape for cervical cancer that applies to most tumors and to discuss notable rare histologic subtypes that will not be adequately addressed with these treatment innovations.

Scottsboro Trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Yellin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
White Women ◽  
Due Process ◽  
African American Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourteenth Amendment ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Us

In 1931, nine young African-American men were accused of raping two white women in northern Alabama while traveling on a train from Chattanooga to Memphis, Tennessee. The young men—Olen Montgomery, Clarence Norris, Haywood Patterson, Ozie Powell, Willie Roberson, Charlie Weems, Eugene Williams, Andy Wright, and Roy Wright—were innocent. Saved from a mob lynching, they nonetheless endured a series of unfair trials over seven years; eight received death sentences. (Roy Wright, just turned thirteen, was held in limbo until 1937 because of his youth.) Embraced by the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) as well as a broad collection of left-wing organizations and artists, the fight for the young men’s lives became an international movement. Their defense was eventually paid for by the CPUSA and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and taken on by Samuel Liebowitz, a celebrated criminal attorney whose Judaism invited vicious anti-Semitism from white southerners. Their case led to two landmark Supreme Court case rulings regarding due process and equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment: Powell v. Alabama (1932) reversed the defendants’ convictions based on inadequate counsel, while Norris v. Alabama (1935) established that officials in Alabama had violated the defendants’ constitutional rights by excluding black Alabamans from juries. Over the course of the trials, the two accusers—Ruby Bates and Victoria Price—were celebrated as the epitome of southern white womanhood and then maligned as lying “white trash” harlots. That Bates later recanted and campaigned for the defendants’ freedom did little to earn her full personhood in the received history. The “Scottsboro Boys” spent years, some more than a decade, in America’s worst prisons and suffered physical and psychological damage that would prove irreparable. Five of the defendants were released when the prosecution chose not to proceed with their cases in 1937, though this nolle prosequi decision was not an acquittal, exoneration, or apology. The last to remain in jail, Andy Wright, was released in 1950. Alabama Governor George Wallace pardoned the last living Scottsboro defendant, Clarence Norris, in 1976. Finally, in April 2013, Alabama changed its law to allow posthumous pardons, and the remaining three defendants were officially pardoned that November. The Scottsboro case is a crucial part of the histories of African Americans, the US South, race and gender in the 20th-century United States, the transnational modern civil rights and labor movements, the Great Depression, and the US justice system.

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