Percentage of sarcomatoid component as a prognostic indicator for survival in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.
499 Background: Renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid component (sRCC) is characterized by the microscopic spectrum of spindle cells within a background of RCC. The presence of sarcomatoid elements is associated with higher stage of presentation and decreased patient survival. The objective of this study is to examine the clinicopathological characteristics associated with overall survival (OS), specifically examining the percentage of sarcomatoid component (PSC) to stratify risk. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data for all radical nephrectomy patients with pathologically confirmed sarcomatoid component from 1987−2011. All slides were re−reviewed by a GU pathologist to ascertain PSC. Patient characteristics were tabulated overall and by disease status (metastatic vs. localized). Cutpoints in the percent sarcomatoid providing a meaningful difference in OS were identified by recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) as univariate and combined with patient characteristics. Factors selected included age, gender, race, clinical stage, tumor histology, and treatment. The Kaplan−Meier method and two−sided log−rank test was used to assess differences in OS. Results: Among 186 patients with sRCC, 64 (34%) had localized and 122 (66%) metastatic disease. Patients were primarily white (76%) males (63%) with clear cell histology (73%), and did not receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (87%). The median follow−up time was 12.1 months (range, 0.1 to 242.2 months). The median OS was 12.6 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 10.7−14.9 months). Two subgroups were identified with a cut−point of 12.5% for PSC after univariate RPA. Patients with PSC ≥ %12.5 were at higher risk of death compared to patients with <%12.5 (45% vs. 61% 1 year OS; p value=0.04). Mutlivariate RPA revealed clinical stage and percent sarcomatoid were significantly associated with OS. Patients with localized disease were most likely to be alive at 1 year (74%). Among patients with metastatic disease with PSC<%42.5 had 1−year OS of 44% vs. 27% for patients with ≥%42.5 cutoff (p<0.001). Conclusions: The PSC appears to be a prognostic factor in the OS of patients with RCC, with larger percentage of involvement portending a worse survival.