A randomized phase II study of tremelimumab and durvalumab with or without radiation for patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
8515 Background: The combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibition has demonstrated activity in the second line therapy setting for SCLC. Radiotherapy enhanced the effectiveness of immunotherapy in NSCLC. We conducted this signal finding study to assess the efficacy of combined ICI with or without radiation in relapsed SCLC. Methods: Patients with relapsed SCLC who have received not more than 2 lines of therapy were enrolled and randomized to either Arm A: [Tremelimumab (T) 1500mg/durvalumab (D) 75mg i.v. every 4 weeks without SBRT] or Arm B: T/D with immune sensitizing SBRT to one selected tumor site (9 Gy x 3 fractions). Treatment continued until progression or maximum of 2 years. Paired tumor biopsies and serial samples of peripheral blood were employed for correlative endpoints (changes in intratumoral and circulating lymphocyte repertoire and immune cytokines). The study was designed to show a promising efficacy signal in either Arm with a hypothesized median PFS of 7 months (10 patients give 87% power at 1-sided alpha of 0.1). Results: Study randomized 17 patients to Arm A (8 patients) or B (9 patients); median age of 70 yrs; females 41.2%; White, 70%, Black 17.6%. Best response in 14 overall evaluable patients was PD in 9 (64.3%), PR in 2 (14%) and SD in 3 (21.4%); median PFS of 2.76 months and OS of 4.47 months. There was no significant difference in efficacy between Arms A and B but a trend of improved PFS and OS with T/D plus SBRT (see table): Median PFS of 2.1 vs. 3.3 months [HR: 2.44 (0.75-7.93); p = 0.122] and median OS of 2.6 vs. 5.7 months [HR: 1.50 (0.45-4.99); p = 0.5068]. Observed grade ≥ 3 adverse events were: Cytopenia (4), Dyspnea (1), and endocrine disorders (3) in Arm A; diarrhea (3) and cytopenias (1) in Arm B. There was an increase in circulating CD8(+) lymphocytes on treatment versus baseline in patients with objective tumor response. Conclusions: The study did not show sufficient signal of efficacy for ICI with or without SBRT in relapsed SCLC. Detailed result of the biomarker analysis will be available at the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT02701400. [Table: see text]