Urological malignancy incidence rates over time by county rurality.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 750-750
Author(s):  
Adam John Gadzinski ◽  
John L. Gore ◽  
Anobel Y. Odisho ◽  
Sima P. Porten ◽  
Peter Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Metro Area ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Standard Population ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Over Time

750 Background: Approximately 20% of the U.S. population resides in non-metropolitan (rural) areas. We aimed to evaluate urological cancer incidence among populations residing in metropolitan (metro) and rural counties, categorized by adjacency to a metro area. Methods: Using data from CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries and NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we compared incidence rates of prostate (PCa), kidney (KCa), and bladder (BCa) cancers diagnosed during 2007–2011 and 2012–2016 among adults age ≥ 20 years residing in metro and rural counties, as designated by rural-urban continuum codes. Rural counties were divided into those adjacent to a metro area (Rural-A) and those not adjacent to a metro area (Rural-NA). For the time period studied, these data cover approximately 97% of the US population. Rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Results: We identified 1,980,168 PCa, 541,225 KCa, and 688,562 BCa cases newly diagnosed during 2007–2016. Patients from rural-A counties comprised 11% of all cases, rural-NA counties 6%, and metro counties 83%. Table shows the age-adjusted incidence per 100,000 with 95% confidence intervals. Overall, PCa and BCa incidence decreased over time; KCa incidence increased. PCa exhibited higher incidence rates in metro areas; KCa and BCa had higher incidence rates in rural counties (Table). Conclusions: Rural counties have higher BCa and KCa incidence relative to metro counties, but lower PCa incidence. Changes in PCa screening practices may have contributed to decreases in PCa incidence. Further investigation is needed to understand how rurality influences KCa and BCa epidemiology. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusion of this report are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of the CDC.[Table: see text]

Decreasing incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nicholson ◽  
Alan O’Hare ◽  
Sarah Power ◽  
Seamus Looby ◽  
Mohsen Javadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
National Database ◽  
Irish Hospital ◽  
Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and trends in subarachnoid hemorrhage in Ireland using data from a national database.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective nationwide query of the Irish Hospital In-patient Enquiry System (HIPE). This is a national database of all in-patient activity in acute public hospitals in Ireland. Each HIPE entry records one episode of in-patient care. The study period ranged from 1997 to 2015. Population data was obtained from the Irish Central Statistics Office, and the annual prevalence of smoking from the Irish National Tobacco Control Office. We were therefore able to calculate both crude annual acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) incidence rates, as well as population-standardized rates, and compared them with trends in the annual smoking rates.ResultsThe mean number of SAH cases per year is 549, with 465 cases in 1997 and 517 in 2015 (range: 465–624). The absolute incidence of SAH, therefore, remained relatively stable. Due to population increases over time, the population-adjusted rate of SAH therefore decreased, from 126.9/million people/year in 1997 to 111.5/million people/year in 2015. Nationally, there was a decrease in smoking prevalence, from 31% in 1998 to 19.2% in 2015. There was a statistically significant correlation between decreasing smoking rates and decreasing population-adjusted incidence of SAH (P=<0.0001).ConclusionsOur data suggests that the incidence of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in our population appears to be decreasing, a decrease which is correlated with decreasing smoking rates. This provides important data both in terms of the epidemiology of SAH, as well as the possible role of public-health interventions in tackling both smoking and declining rates of SAH.

scholarly journals Incidence patterns for primary malignant spinal cord gliomas: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hsu ◽  
Marisa Quattrone ◽  
Quinn Ostrom ◽  
Timothy C. Ryken ◽  
Andrew E. Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Histological Subtype ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
End Results

Object Primary malignant spinal glioma represents a significant clinical challenge due to the devastating effect on clinical outcomes in the majority of cases. As they are infrequently encountered in any one center, there has been limited population-based data analysis on the incidence patterns of these aggressive tumors. The objective of this study was to use publically available Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program data to examine the overall incidence and incidence patterns over time with regard to age at diagnosis, sex, race, primary site of tumor, and histological subtype in patients in whom primary malignant spinal cord gliomas were diagnosed between 1973 and 2006. Methods The study population of interest was limited to primary, malignant, pathologically confirmed spinal cord gliomas based on data drawn from the SEER 9 standard registries for patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2006. Variables of interest included age at diagnosis, sex, race, primary site of tumor, and histological subtype of tumor. The SEER*Stat 6.5.2 program was used to calculate frequencies, age-adjusted incidence rates with 95% CIs, and annual percentage change (APC) statistics with a 2-sided p value. In addition, linear correlation coefficients (R2) were calculated for the time association stratified by variables of interest. Results The overall age-adjusted incidence rate for primary malignant spinal gliomas was 0.12 per 100,000, which increased significantly over the study period (APC = 1.74; p = 0.0004; R2 = 0.36). The incidence was highest in patients diagnosed at ages 35–49 (0.17 per 100,000), males (0.14 per 100,000), whites (0.13 per 100,000), and those with ependymomas (0.07 per 100,000). Over the study period, the incidence of ependymomas increased significantly (APC = 3.17; p < 0.0001; R2 = 0.58) as did the incidence of these tumors in whites (APC = 2.13; p = 0.0001) and for both males (APC = 1.90, p value < 0.0001) and females (APC = 1.60, p < 0.0001). The authors found no significant changes in the incidence over time by age of diagnosis. Conclusions This study demonstrates an increasing overall incidence of primary, malignant spinal cord glioma over the past 3 decades. Notably, for ependymoma the incidence has increased, whereas the incidence of most other glioma subtypes remained stable. This may be due to improved diagnostic and surgical techniques, changes in histological classification criteria, and changes in neuropathology diagnostic criteria. Although primary, malignant spinal cord gliomas are rare, an improved understanding of the incidence will assist investigators and clinicians in planning potential studies and preparing for allocation of resources to care for these challenging patients.

scholarly journals Stability Over Time Of High Incidence Bladder Cancer In An Industrialized Area In North-Eastern Spain. A Longitudinal Study In A Region Of 400,000 Inhabitants.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Caballero ◽  
Meritxell Perez-Marquez ◽  
Jose M. Gili ◽  
Juan Camilo Pereira ◽  
Alba Gomáriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Standard Population ◽  
European Standard Population ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
World Standard ◽  
Primary Bladder ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Purpose: To study whether the incidence of bladder cancer in an industrialized area in ​​North-Eastern Spain remains as high as in the nineties.Methods: Patients diagnosed with histologically confirmed primary bladder cancer, during 2018-2019, in an area in North-Eastern Spain (430,883 inhabitants) were included. Crude incidence rates were estimated per 100,000 person-year based on the number of individuals getting their first diagnosis. Direct age-standardized incidence rates were calculated applying both the European and the World Standard Populations.Results: 295 patients were included (mean age 72.5±10.3 years; 89.8% men). The crude rate was 62.6 (95%CI:55.0-70.1) for men and 6.8 (95%CI:4.4-9.3) for women. The annual rate adjusted to the European Standard Population was 85.3 (95%CI:75.0-95.5) for men and 7.0 (95%CI:4.5-9.5) for women, and adjusted to the World Standard Population, 31.7 (95%CI:27.9-35.5) and 2.9 (95%CI:1.8-3.9) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of bladder cancer in this area in ​​North-Eastern Spain is one of the highest in men and one of the lowest in women, both in Europe and Worldwide. The decrease in the industrial activity has not led to a decrease in bladder cancer incidence. The heterogeneity of bladder cancer registries in terms of definition and inclusion criteria makes it difficult to compare results.

scholarly journals Incidence and time trends of sarcoma (2000-2013): results from the French Network of Cancer registries (FRANCIM)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Amadeo ◽  
Nicolas Penel ◽  
Jean-Michel Coindre ◽  
Isabelle Ray-coquard ◽  
Karine Ligier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Histological Subtypes ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Pathological Review ◽  
Recurrent Translocation ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background : The exhaustive collection of new sarcoma cases and their second histologic review offer a unique opportunity to study their incidence and time trends in France according to the major subtypes. Methods : Data were collected from population-based cancer registries covering 22% of the French population. Crude and world age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were estimated according to anatomic, histological and genetic groups, age and sex over the 2010-2013 period. Results: Time trends in incidence were calculated by the annual percent change over the 2000-2013 period. During the most recent period (2010-2013), 3,942 patients with sarcoma were included. The ASR of soft-tissue and bone sarcomas, and gastro-intestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were 2.1, 1.0 and 0.6, respectively. For the four most frequent histological subtypes (unclassified, leiomyosarcoma, GIST and liposarcoma), the ASR ranged from 0.4 to 0.7. ASRs were 1.9 for complex genomic and 1.3 for recurrent translocation sarcomas. The time-trend analysis showed a significant increase of sarcoma incidence rate between 2000 and 2005, which stabilized thereafter. Incidence rates increased for four histological subtypes (GIST, chondrosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, solitary fibrous tumors) and decreased for three (leiomyosarcomas, Kaposi sarcoma and fibrosarcoma). Conclusion : To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate sarcoma incidence based on a systematic pathological review of these cancers and on the updated sarcoma classifications. Due to the paucity of literature on sarcomas, future studies using data from population-based cancer registries should consider a standardized inclusion criterion presented in our study to better describe and compare data between countries.

scholarly journals Geographic and Socioeconomic Disparity of Gastric Cancer Patients in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 2052-2064
Author(s):  
Leila Cattelan ◽  
Feras M. Ghazawi ◽  
Michelle Le ◽  
François Lagacé ◽  
Elham Rahme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Gastric cancer is the 5th most common malignancy worldwide, representing ~5–10% of all new cancer cases. Although its incidence is declining, it is estimated that 1 in 98 Canadians will develop gastric cancer in their lifetime. The epidemiology and distribution of gastric cancer throughout Canada, however, remains poorly understood. A retrospective analysis of demographic data across Canada between 1992 and 2010 was performed using 2 population-based cancer registries. The incidence of gastric cancer was examined at the levels of provinces, cities, and postal codes. In addition, 43,955 patients were diagnosed with gastric cancer in Canada between 1992 and 2010; 66% were male and the average age of diagnosis was 68.4 years. The age-adjusted incidence rate was 5.07 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. The incidence decreased over the study period by 30%. High incidence rates were identified in rural areas of Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, and Quebec. Our study found a significant association between gastric cancer incidence rates and lower socioeconomic status, as well as Hispanic ethnicity. This is the first study to provide a comprehensive analysis of the incidence of gastric carcinoma in Canada, identifying high-risk populations that may benefit from increased primary and secondary prevention.

scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Incidence and Case Fatality of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Tromsø Study 1995-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carlsson ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Stein Harald Johnsen ◽  
Anne Merete Vangen-Lønne ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The aim of this study was to explore temporal trends in incidence and case fatality rates of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) over the last two decades in a Norwegian municipality. Methods: Incident cases of primary ICH were registered in the period from 1995 through 2012 in 32,530 participants of the longitudinal population-based Tromsø Study. Poisson regression models were used to obtain incidence rates over time in age- and sex-adjusted and age- and sex-specific models. Case fatality rates were calculated and age- and sex-adjusted trends over time were estimated using logistic regression. Results: A total of 226 ICHs were registered. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate [95% confidence interval (CI)] in the overall population was 0.42 (0.37-0.48) per 1,000 person-years. Age-adjusted incidence rates were 0.53 (0.43-0.62) in men and 0.33 (0.26-0.39) in women. In individuals aged <75 years, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate was 0.27 (0.22-0.32) and in individuals aged ≥75 years, it was 2.42 (1.95-2.89) per 1,000 person-years. There was no significant change in incidence rates over time. The incidence rate ratio (95% CI) in the overall population was 0.73 (0.47-1.12) in 2012 compared with 1995. The overall 30-day case fatality (95% CI) was 23.9% (18.3-29.5) and did not change substantially over time [odds ratio in 2012 vs. 1995 = 0.83 (95% CI 0.27-2.52)]. Conclusion: No significant changes in incidence and case fatality rates of ICH were observed during the last two decades.

scholarly journals Rurality and Origin–Destination Trajectories of Medical School Application and Matriculation in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Lan Mu ◽  
Yusi Liu ◽  
Donglan Zhang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Michelle Nuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
School Students ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Physician Shortages ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

Physician shortages are more pronounced in rural than in urban areas. The geography of medical school application and matriculation could provide insights into geographic differences in physician availability. Using data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), we conducted geospatial analyses, and developed origin–destination (O–D) trajectories and conceptual graphs to understand the root cause of rural physician shortages. Geographic disparities exist at a significant level in medical school applications in the US. The total number of medical school applications increased by 38% from 2001 to 2015, but the number had decreased by 2% in completely rural counties. Most counties with no medical school applicants were in rural areas (88%). Rurality had a significant negative association with the application rate and explained 15.3% of the variation at the county level. The number of medical school applications in a county was disproportional to the population by rurality. Applicants from completely rural counties (2% of the US population) represented less than 1% of the total medical school applications. Our results can inform recruitment strategies for new medical school students, elucidate location decisions of new medical schools, provide recommendations to close the rural–urban gap in medical school applications, and reduce physician shortages in rural areas.

scholarly journals Incidence of aplastic anemia in metropolitan Baltimore: a population- based study

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Szklo ◽  
L Sensenbrenner ◽  
J Markowitz ◽  
S Weida ◽  
S Warm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Over Time

Incidence rates for aplastic anemia (AA) so far have been unavailable for defined populations in the United States. A study was carried out in the Baltimore Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) to examine the incidence rates for aplastic anemia from 1970 through 1978. Cases of AA (N = 118) were identified through medical records (N = 77) in SMSA hospitals and death certificates (N = 41). All medical charts were reviewed by an oncologist-hematologist for validation purposes. Among whites, average annual age-adjusted incidence rates per million were higher in males (7.1) than in females (5.4), whereas in nonwhites, females had a higher rate (7.3) than males (4.7). None of the sex differences was statistically significant. Age-specific incidence rates were consistently low in young ages, with an exponential increase after age 40. Examination of time trends did not suggest changes in whites, although in blacks, mainly in males, there was a suggestion of a temporal increase. However, rates in blacks were based on small numbers, and trends were not statistically significant. An inconsistent sex differential, as well as the relative stability of rates over time at least in whites, suggests that although sexes may have different types of exposures, occupational exposures and changes in environmental factors over time cannot entirely explain the occurrence of AA in the population. In addition, the age pattern suggests that future studies should examine etiologic agents separately for the younger and the older subjects with AA.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States between 2006 and 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahed Tish ◽  
Ghaith Habboub ◽  
Min Lang ◽  
Quinn T. Ostrom ◽  
Carol Kruchko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
American Population ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spinal Schwannoma ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

OBJECTIVESpinal schwannoma remains the third most common intradural spinal tumor following spinal meningioma and ependymoma. The available literature is generally limited to single-institution reports rather than epidemiological investigations. As of 1/1/2004, registration of all benign central nervous system tumors in the United States became mandatory after the Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act took action, which provided massive resources for United States population-based epidemiological studies. This article describes the epidemiology of spinal schwannoma in the United States from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2014.METHODSIn this study, the authors utilized the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, which corresponds to 100% of the American population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program provide the resource for this data registry. The authors included diagnosis years 2006 to 2014. They used the codes per the International Coding of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition: histology code 9560/0 and site codes C72.0 (spinal cord), C70.1 (spinal meninges), and C72.1 (cauda equina). Rates are per 100,000 persons and are age-adjusted to the 2000 United States standard population. The age-adjusted incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals are calculated by age, sex, race, and ethnicity.RESULTSThere were 6989 spinal schwannoma cases between the years 2006 and 2014. The yearly incidence eminently increased between 2010 and 2014. Total incidence rate was 0.24 (95% CI 0.23–0.24) per 100,000 persons. The peak adjusted incidence rate was seen in patients who ranged in age from 65 to 74 years. Spinal schwannomas were less common in females than they were in males (incidence rate ratio = 0.85; p < 0.001), and they were less common in blacks than they were in whites (IRR = 0.52; p < 0.001) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (IRR = 0.50; p < 0.001) compared to whites. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence rate between whites and Asian or Pacific Islanders (IRR = 0.92; p = 0.16).CONCLUSIONSThe authors’ study results demonstrated a steady increase in the incidence of spinal schwannomas between 2010 and 2014. Male sex and the age range 65–74 years were associated with higher incidence rates of spinal schwannomas, whereas black and American Indian/Alaska Native races were associated with lower incidence rates. The present study represents the most thorough assessment of spinal schwannoma epidemiology in the American population.

Employment in Schools in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-44
Author(s):  
Chandan Jain
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Over Time

In the present article, we highlight the role that schools play in the Indian labour market. Using data from two rounds of the National Sample Survey, we provide estimates for the number of individuals employed in schools and the share of schools in the overall labour force in the country. We find that the share of schools in the overall labour force has increased between 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. Further, we also analyse the differences in these estimates across regions and gender as well. We find that despite the decline in female labour force in rural areas, number of females employed in schools in rural areas has increased over time. Additionally, we find that schools constituted the largest share in the overall female labour force employed in the services sector in the country. JEL: I20, J21

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