The scientific conception of the world

Author(s):  
Danko D. Georgiev
Author(s):  
Vittorio Hösle

This chapter discusses the emergence of a philosophical school that is now dominant in the Anglo-American world called “analytical philosophy.” The first form taken by analytic philosophy, now long since abandoned, was logical positivism or logical empiricism (the former sympathized with phenomenalism, the latter was more realistically oriented). Logical positivism's goal is a unified science modeled on physics. The intended system of constitution seeks to move from one's own mental qualities to physical objects, from these to the mental qualities of others, and finally to the objects of the social sciences. With regard to the mental qualities of others, behaviorism, which reduces the mental to externally observable behavior, is considered a scientific conception of the world.


1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Faludi

Neurath, a prominent member of the Vienna Circle, was involved in much practical reform work. He was also a member of CIAM, and participated in the famous Athens meeting where its basic principles were formulated. But his plans for intensive cooperation with CIAM did not come to fruition, because of fundamental differences regarding the role of scientific evidence in decisionmaking and planning. CIAM members were looking for a solid bedrock on which to base design norms and principles. Neurath was a sceptic and emphasised the pluralistic nature of knowledge. He also held that decisions were to be taken on pragmatic grounds, reflecting one's chosen “path of life”. Experts had no superior skill in this. Neurath developed the Vienna Method of pictorial statistics to allow people to make their own inferences from such evidence as there was. Neurath's views of decisionmaking in planning are very modern, and suggest that the critique of positivism in planning needs to be reconsidered.


2001 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Soares

Neste artigo, pretende-se relacionar o processo de emergência da Revolução Industrial inglesa ao desenvolvimento de uma concepção filosófico-científica Mecanicista, consagrada pela Física Newtoniana e pela Ilustração no século XVIII, que concebiam a Natureza, o Mundo, e o Universo a partir de uma ordem mecânica objetiva e exterior ao Homem. No decorrer do século XX, a ampla divulgação do Mecanicismo possibilitou que essa concepção se tornasse uma das poderosas alavancas intelectuais da grande transformação técnicoprodutiva e social que se verificou na Inglaterra a partir dos anos 1780 – a Revolução Industrial. Abstract This article intends to associate the emergency of the English Industrial Revolution to the development of a mechanical, philosophical and scientific conception - consecrated by the Newtonian Physics and the Enlightenment in the 18th century -, which conceived the Nature, the World and the Universe as an objective, mechanical and external order to the Man. Throughout the 18th century, the wide divulgation of the Mechanism enabled it to become one of the powerfull intelectual levers of the Industrial Revolution, the process of technical, economic and social transformation that had taken place in England from the 1780’s onwards.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document