Continuous Cell Substrate Considerations

2018 ◽  
pp. 495-513
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Lubiniecki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Substrate

Tuning Microbial Activity via Programmatic Alteration of Cell/Substrate Interfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 2004655
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Gulyuk ◽  
Dennis R. LaJeunesse ◽  
Ramon Collazo ◽  
Albena Ivanisevic
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cell Substrate

scholarly journals Regulation of cell-substrate adhesion by proteoglycans immobilized on extracellular substrates

1989 ◽  
Vol 264 (14) ◽  
pp. 8012-8018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamagata ◽  
S Suzuki ◽  
S K Akiyama ◽  
K M Yamada ◽  
K Kimata
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion

Production and Analysis of High Resolution Polymer Replicas of Fibrillar Collagen

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
P. Sims ◽  
B. Todd ◽  
S. Eppell ◽  
T. Li ◽  
K. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Fibrillar Collagen ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Substrate Interactions ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Cell Substrate

Adherent cells generally construct the immediate substrate upon which they reside. This may occur via synthesis and secretion of new materials and/or by rearrangement and modification of existing substrate. The response of adherent cell types to an existing substrate can be influenced by a number of factors which include both the chemical and physical nature of the substrate. Cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and death can all be substrate dependent. Much effort has been directed toward chemical modification of substrates to regulate one or more of the parameters noted above. A significant, but somewhat smaller, degree of attention has been paid to the effects of the topography and microtopography on the cell response to substrate materials. Studies to date strongly suggest the topography is a significant factor in cell-substrate interactions. As noted above, it is most probable that both the chemistry and the structure of a substrate simultaneously influence the cellular response. However we wished to determine, particularly for artificial substrates, the role which microtopography can play in cell-substrate interactions.

The extracellular polymeric substance of the green alga Penium margaritaceum and its role in biofilm formation

Biofilms ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Domozych ◽  
S. Kort ◽  
S. Benton ◽  
T. Yu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
New York State ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Capsule Formation ◽  
Polymeric Substance ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Initial Adhesion

The desmid Penium margaritaceum is a common resident of biofilms of shallow Adirondack wetlands in New York State, USA. It was isolated and grown in the laboratory where it readily formed biofilms and produced large amounts of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The EPS was separated into two fractions: an EPS gel and soluble EPS. Both fractions were rich in xylose, fucose and glucuronic acid. The EPS gels contained large amounts of 3-linked, 4-linked and 3,4-linked fucose, 3,4-linked glucuronic acid and terminal xylose linkages. The EPS gel consisted of a fibrillar matrix that linked cells and cell substrate together. Immunofluorescence analysis using an anti-EPS antibody revealed that EPS secretion occurs in several different modes, which contributes to initial adhesion, capsule formation and gliding.

scholarly journals Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing To Monitor Viral Growth and Study Cellular Responses to Infection with Alphaherpesviruses in Real Time

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Pennington ◽  
Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Impedance Sensing ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Alphaherpesviruses, including those that commonly infect humans, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2, typically infect and cause cellular damage to epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, leading to disease. The development of novel technologies to study the cellular responses to infection may allow a more complete understanding of virus replication and the creation of novel antiviral therapies. This study demonstrates the use of ECIS to study various aspects of herpesvirus biology, with a specific focus on changes in cellular morphology as a result of infection. We conclude that ECIS represents a valuable new tool with which to study alphaherpesvirus infections in real time and in an objective and reproducible manner. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) measures changes in an electrical circuit formed in a culture dish. As cells grow over a gold electrode, they block the flow of electricity and this is read as an increase in electrical impedance in the circuit. ECIS has previously been used in a variety of applications to study cell growth, migration, and behavior in response to stimuli in real time and without the need for cellular labels. Here, we demonstrate that ECIS is also a valuable tool with which to study infection by alphaherpesviruses. To this end, we used ECIS to study the kinetics of cells infected with felid herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), a close relative of the human alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, and compared the results to those obtained with conventional infectivity assays. First, we demonstrated that ECIS can easily distinguish between wells of cells infected with different amounts of FHV-1 and provides information about the cellular response to infection. Second, we found ECIS useful in identifying differences between the replication kinetics of recombinant DsRed Express2-labeled FHV-1, created via CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering, and wild-type FHV-1. Finally, we demonstrated that ECIS can accurately determine the half-maximal effective concentration of antivirals. Collectively, our data show that ECIS, in conjunction with current methodologies, is a powerful tool that can be used to monitor viral growth and study the cellular response to alphaherpesvirus infection. IMPORTANCE Alphaherpesviruses, including those that commonly infect humans, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2, typically infect and cause cellular damage to epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, leading to disease. The development of novel technologies to study the cellular responses to infection may allow a more complete understanding of virus replication and the creation of novel antiviral therapies. This study demonstrates the use of ECIS to study various aspects of herpesvirus biology, with a specific focus on changes in cellular morphology as a result of infection. We conclude that ECIS represents a valuable new tool with which to study alphaherpesvirus infections in real time and in an objective and reproducible manner.

scholarly journals Contact formation during fibroblast locomotion: involvement of membrane ruffles and microtubules.

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Rinnerthaler ◽  
B Geiger ◽  
J V Small
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Fiber Assembly ◽  
Contact Formation ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Fluorescence And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Primordial Cell

We have correlated the motility of the leading edge of fibroblasts, monitored by phase-contrast cinematography, with the relative distributions of several cytoskeletal elements (vinculin, tubulin, and actin) as well as with the contact patterns determined by interference reflection microscopy. This analysis has revealed the involvement of both ruffles and microspikes, as well as microtubules in the initiation of focal contact formation. Nascent vinculin sites within the leading edge or at its base, taken as primordial cell-substrate contacts, were invariably colocalized with sites that showed a history of transient, prolonged, or cyclic ruffling activity. Extended microspike structures, often preceded the formation of ruffles. Immunofluorescent labeling indicated that some of these primordial contacts were in close apposition to the ends of microtubules that penetrated into the leading edge. By fluorescence and electron microscopy short bundles of actin filaments found at the base of the leading edge were identified as presumptive, primordial contacts. It is concluded that ruffles and microspikes, either independently or in combination, initiate and mark the sites for future contact. Plaque proteins then accumulate (within 10-30 s) at the contract site and, beneath ruffles, induce localized bundling of actin filaments. We propose that all primordial contacts support traction for leading edge protrusion but that only some persist long enough to nucleate stress fiber assembly. Microtubules are postulated as the elements that select, stabilize, and potentiate the formation of these latter, long-lived contacts.

scholarly journals Real-Time Monitoring of Epithelial Cell-Cell and Cell-Substrate Interactions by Infrared Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 4028-4036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Yashunsky ◽  
Vladislav Lirtsman ◽  
Michael Golosovsky ◽  
Dan Davidov ◽  
Benjamin Aroeti
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Substrate Interactions ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Cell

scholarly journals A GTPase controls cell-substrate adhesion in Xenopus XTC fibroblasts.

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Symons ◽  
T J Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
Control Cell ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Cell Contractility ◽  
Cell Rounding ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Adhesive Interactions ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Gamma S

Cell-substrate adhesion is crucial at various stages of development and for the maintenance of normal tissues. Little is known about the regulation of these adhesive interactions. To investigate the role of GTPases in the control of cell morphology and cell-substrate adhesion we have injected guanine nucleotide analogs into Xenopus XTC fibroblasts. Injection of GTP gamma S inhibited ruffling and increased spreading, suggesting an increase in adhesion. To further investigate this, we made use of GRGDSP, a peptide which inhibits binding of integrins to vitronectin and fibronectin. XTC fibroblasts injected with non-hydrolyzable analogs of GTP took much more time to round up than mock-injected cells in response to treatment with GRGDSP, while GDP beta S-injected cells rounded up in less time than controls. Injection with GTP gamma S did not inhibit cell rounding induced by trypsin however, showing that cell contractility is not significantly affected by the activation of GTPases. These data provide evidence for the existence of a GTPase which can control cell-substrate adhesion from the cytoplasm. Treatment of XTC fibroblasts with the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate reduced cell spreading and accelerated cell rounding in response to GRGDSP, which is essentially opposite to the effect exerted by non-hydrolyzable GTP analogs. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways controlling cell-substrate adhesion in XTC fibroblasts, one depending on a GTPase and another one involving protein kinase C.

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