Production and Analysis of High Resolution Polymer Replicas of Fibrillar Collagen

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
P. Sims ◽  
B. Todd ◽  
S. Eppell ◽  
T. Li ◽  
K. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Fibrillar Collagen ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Substrate Interactions ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Cell Substrate

Adherent cells generally construct the immediate substrate upon which they reside. This may occur via synthesis and secretion of new materials and/or by rearrangement and modification of existing substrate. The response of adherent cell types to an existing substrate can be influenced by a number of factors which include both the chemical and physical nature of the substrate. Cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and death can all be substrate dependent. Much effort has been directed toward chemical modification of substrates to regulate one or more of the parameters noted above. A significant, but somewhat smaller, degree of attention has been paid to the effects of the topography and microtopography on the cell response to substrate materials. Studies to date strongly suggest the topography is a significant factor in cell-substrate interactions. As noted above, it is most probable that both the chemistry and the structure of a substrate simultaneously influence the cellular response. However we wished to determine, particularly for artificial substrates, the role which microtopography can play in cell-substrate interactions.

EFFECTS OF CRYSTAL SIZE AND ORIENTATION OF SUBSTRATES ON CELL ADHESION: IMPLICATION FOR MEDICAL IMPLANTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3069-3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAHAB FAGHIHI ◽  
HOJATOLLAH VALI ◽  
MARYAM TABRIZIAN
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Substrate Interactions ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Substrate Engineering ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of atomic structure of polycrystalline materials on cell-substrate interactions. Samples are prepared from rods and sheets of Ti -6 Al -4 V substrates with predominately two distinct crystallographic orientations as well as nano-structured and annealed titanium fabricated through high-pressure torsion and heat treatment processes. The degree of preosteoblast attachment and rate of growth, which are regulated through the activity and interaction of proteins present in the extracellular matrix, are notably increased on the nano-structured titanium and substrate having predominant [Formula: see text] orientation. The improved cell activity is attributed to the nano-structured feature of these substrates consisting of ultra-fine crystals (< 50 nm) and specific atomic order of [Formula: see text] substrate which provide higher degree of surface wettability. These findings demonstrate the advantages of nano-structured titanium over the conventional and coated titanium implants, as both mechanical properties and cellular response are improved. Furthermore, crystal orientation of the substrates can influence cell responses and, therefore, substrate engineering can be used to improve and control cell-substrate interactions.

scholarly journals Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing To Monitor Viral Growth and Study Cellular Responses to Infection with Alphaherpesviruses in Real Time

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Pennington ◽  
Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Impedance Sensing ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Alphaherpesviruses, including those that commonly infect humans, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2, typically infect and cause cellular damage to epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, leading to disease. The development of novel technologies to study the cellular responses to infection may allow a more complete understanding of virus replication and the creation of novel antiviral therapies. This study demonstrates the use of ECIS to study various aspects of herpesvirus biology, with a specific focus on changes in cellular morphology as a result of infection. We conclude that ECIS represents a valuable new tool with which to study alphaherpesvirus infections in real time and in an objective and reproducible manner. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) measures changes in an electrical circuit formed in a culture dish. As cells grow over a gold electrode, they block the flow of electricity and this is read as an increase in electrical impedance in the circuit. ECIS has previously been used in a variety of applications to study cell growth, migration, and behavior in response to stimuli in real time and without the need for cellular labels. Here, we demonstrate that ECIS is also a valuable tool with which to study infection by alphaherpesviruses. To this end, we used ECIS to study the kinetics of cells infected with felid herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), a close relative of the human alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, and compared the results to those obtained with conventional infectivity assays. First, we demonstrated that ECIS can easily distinguish between wells of cells infected with different amounts of FHV-1 and provides information about the cellular response to infection. Second, we found ECIS useful in identifying differences between the replication kinetics of recombinant DsRed Express2-labeled FHV-1, created via CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering, and wild-type FHV-1. Finally, we demonstrated that ECIS can accurately determine the half-maximal effective concentration of antivirals. Collectively, our data show that ECIS, in conjunction with current methodologies, is a powerful tool that can be used to monitor viral growth and study the cellular response to alphaherpesvirus infection. IMPORTANCE Alphaherpesviruses, including those that commonly infect humans, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2, typically infect and cause cellular damage to epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, leading to disease. The development of novel technologies to study the cellular responses to infection may allow a more complete understanding of virus replication and the creation of novel antiviral therapies. This study demonstrates the use of ECIS to study various aspects of herpesvirus biology, with a specific focus on changes in cellular morphology as a result of infection. We conclude that ECIS represents a valuable new tool with which to study alphaherpesvirus infections in real time and in an objective and reproducible manner.

scholarly journals Real-Time Monitoring of Epithelial Cell-Cell and Cell-Substrate Interactions by Infrared Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 4028-4036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Yashunsky ◽  
Vladislav Lirtsman ◽  
Michael Golosovsky ◽  
Dan Davidov ◽  
Benjamin Aroeti
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Substrate Interactions ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Cell

scholarly journals Mechanisms in allergic airway inflammation – lessons from studies in the mouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett O.V. Shum ◽  
Michael S. Rolph ◽  
William A. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, involving recurrent episodes of airway obstruction and wheezing. A common pathological feature in asthma is the presence of a characteristic allergic airway inflammatory response involving extensive leukocyte infiltration, mucus overproduction and airway hyper-reactivity. The pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation is complex, involving multiple cell types such as T helper 2 cells, regulatory T cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, and parenchymal cells of the lung. The cellular response in allergic airway inflammation is controlled by a broad range of bioactive mediators, including IgE, cytokines and chemokines. The asthmatic allergic inflammatory response has been a particular focus of efforts to develop novel therapeutic agents. Animal models are widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms. Although these models are not perfect replicas of clinical asthma, such studies have led to the development of numerous novel therapeutic agents, of which some have already been successful in clinical trials.

Cell–Substrate Interactions

2015 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Rebecca Urbano ◽  
Alisa Clyne
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Interactions ◽  
Cell Substrate

scholarly journals An inexpensive, customizable microscopy system for the automated quantification and characterization of multiple adherent cell types

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwaratn Asthana ◽  
Yuqi Tang ◽  
Adam Ferguson ◽  
Pallavi Bugga ◽  
Anantratn Asthana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Automated Quantification ◽  
Automated Microscopy ◽  
Multiple Cell

Cell quantification assays are essential components of most biological and clinical labs. However, many currently available quantification assays, including flow cytometry and commercial cell counting systems, suffer from unique drawbacks that limit their overall efficacy. In order to address the shortcomings of traditional quantification assays, we have designed a robust, low-cost, automated microscopy-based cytometer that quantifies individual cells in a multiwell plate using tools readily available in most labs. Plating and subsequent quantification of various dilution series using the automated microscopy-based cytometer demonstrates the single-cell sensitivity, near-perfect R2 accuracy, and greater than 5-log dynamic range of our system. Further, the microscopy-based cytometer is capable of obtaining absolute counts of multiple cell types in one well as part of a co-culture setup. To demonstrate this ability, we recreated an experiment that assesses the tumoricidal properties of primed macrophages on co-cultured tumor cells as a proof-of-principle test. The results of the experiment reveal that primed macrophages display enhanced cytotoxicity toward tumor cells while simultaneously losing the ability to proliferate, an example of a dynamic interplay between two cell populations that our microscopy-based cytometer is successfully able to elucidate.

scholarly journals Expression of multiple isozymes of granulocyte, monocyte, and macrophage esterases in polycythemic Friend erythroleukemia cells

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Woytowicz ◽  
PR Daoust ◽  
J Andre-Schwartz ◽  
SB Levy
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Erythroleukemic Cell ◽  
Erythroleukemic Cells

Abstract We examined the expression of cytochemical markers of myeloid and monocyte-macrophage differentiation in conjunction with ultrastructural studies of different malignant erythroleukemic cells isolated from mice infected with the Friend polycythemic virus complex (FLV-P). The amounts of fluoride-sensitive and resistant nonspecific esterase activity increased with the progression of malignancy. Isoelectric focusing resolved this enzyme activity into 13 isozymes in the most malignant Friend cell type tested. These same isozymes were found in the adherent cell population of normal spleens. Two of these isozymes were shown to have chloroacetate esterase activity characteristic of granulocytes. Despite these myeloid and monocyte characteristics, light and electron microscopy showed no morphological evidence of differentiation in either of these lineages. This study demonstrates that the Friend erythroleukemic cell contains markers of three different hemopoietic cell types. The expression of myeloid, monocytic, and erythroid traits in these erythroleukemic cells can be used to monitor their malignant progression.

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