Inequality and access to water in the city of Cochabamba

2008 ◽  
pp. 631-636
Keyword(s):  
Access To Water ◽  
The City

Improving access to water supply and sanitation in urban India: microfinance for water and sanitation infrastructure development

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Davis ◽  
Gary White ◽  
Said Damodaron ◽  
Rich Thorsten
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

This article summarises initial findings of a study to explore the potential of providing micro-financing for low-income households wishing to invest in improved water supply and sanitation services. Through in-depth interviews with more than 800 households in the city of Hyderabad in India, we conclude that, even if provided with market (not concessional) rates of financing, a substantial proportion of poor households would invest in water and sewer network connections.

scholarly journals Reconfiguring urban waterscape: water kiosks in Delhi as a new governance model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1011
Author(s):  
Uma Dey Sarkar ◽  
Bikramaditya K. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Public ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The City

Abstract International organizations firmly ratifying the human right to water though neoliberal reforms have pushed for increasing commodification and marketization of water. Accelerated urbanization in cities of the Global South have intensified problems associated with access to water and innovative solutions such as water kiosks are seen as the future of water access in underserved areas. This paper studies access to potable water in four resettlement colonies of Delhi with a focus on the water kiosks which operate in these colonies. Tracing the broader reforms which have been initiated in the public utility (Delhi Jal Board), the paper investigates the model of water kiosk of these colonies and the extent to which access to water has been impacted by the introduction of the water kiosks. Based on the processes of changes and continuities in the waterscapes of formal yet marginal spaces in the city and concomitant reconfigurations in urban governance, the paper argues that water kiosks serve to reproduce the uneven power relations embedded in the process of neoliberal urbanization.

scholarly journals Factors that determine the sustainability of the basic sanitation service in Manizales

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Castano-Isaza ◽  
María Arango-Ospina ◽  
Diana Cardenas-Villamizar
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
The City

Sewage treatment is one of the great challenges in water management. In this regard, 80% of wastewater is discharged into water sources without any treatment, thus ignoring the fundamental right of access to water and sanitation and its implications for the well-being and development of populations. Colombia since the 50's began the strategy of improving water and sanitation. Seven decades of design and implementation of policies in favor of the expansion of coverage in aqueduct, sewerage and sanitation services, with significant advances for aqueduct and sewerage services and with great challenges facing the need to focus and optimize efforts to be more efficient and make the sanitation. The study and understanding of sustainable basic sanitation was carried out through the search for secondary information carried out in sectoral reports and research documents, where factors that positively or negatively affected the provision of the sanitation service were identified. On the other hand, the understanding of the social and political dynamics of the territory allows in the context of the city of Manizales to identify and analyze the perceptions from the three pillars of sustainability, natural environment, social environment and economic environment of two interest groups in the company Aguas de Manizales SA ESP, provider of the aqueduct and sewerage service in the city, through the application of a user survey and the carrying out of focus groups with institutions and community leaders. Lastly, solutions and strategies are proposed that eliminate causes or reduce the impacts that make it impossible to consolidate the public sanitation service or to maintain it over time.

scholarly journals Fishing in the city for food—a paradigmatic case of sustainability in urban blue space

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Joosse ◽  
Lara Hensle ◽  
Wiebren J. Boonstra ◽  
Charlotte Ponzelar ◽  
Jens Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Biodiversity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article presents fishing in the city for food (FCF) as a trenchant example of urban ecology, and the ways in which urban dwellers use, interact with, and depend on urban blue spaces. Our literature review demonstrates how FCF is studied in a diverse body of scientific publications that rarely draw on each other. As such, FCF and its relevance for sustainable and just planning of urban blue space remain relatively unknown. Using the literature review, a survey of FCF in European capitals, and examples from FCF in Stockholm, we demonstrate how attention to FCF raises pertinent and interrelated questions about access to water, food and recreation; human health; animal welfare and aquatic urban biodiversity.

scholarly journals Management of Water Resources in the Semiarid Region of Rio Grande do Norte: a case study on the municipality of Lucrécia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Yara Tenório Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Regina Farias da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The City

This research aimed to identify water resources management strategies in extreme drought event scenarios in the municipality of Lucrécia, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in the period 2012 to 2018. As a methodological procedure, a bibliographical and documentary, in addition to field research, with interviews with municipal managers and residents. A photographic record of the study area was also carried out. It was found that, in the city, there is a folder dedicated to water resources that guides water management and is the basis for the adoption of measures aimed at municipal supply in times of difficult access to water, due to the reduction in water availability. It was observed that part of the interviewed population understands the drought as responsible for the difficulties faced in the city, mainly about the reduction of the water level in the reservoir. It was found that, of the 52 towns belonging to the hydrographic basin of the Apodi-Mossoró river, only 10 participate in the meetings of the basin committee, the municipality of Lucrécia does not have representatives on the Committee. This finding deserves special consideration since water and the administration of its multiple applications are generators of conflicts, it highlights the importance of understanding how municipalities in the Semiarid region carry out the management of water resources and how they understand the challenges of coexistence with its area, aiming at the sustainable use of water.

scholarly journals Conflicts, cooperation and experimentation: Analysing the politics of urban water through Accra’s heterogeneous water supply infrastructure

2020 ◽  
pp. 251484862097534
Author(s):  
Rossella Alba ◽  
Michelle Kooy ◽  
Antje Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
The Social ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Water Filling ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
The City

In this paper, we analyse the heterogeneity of water supply infrastructure in Accra, Ghana, to understand the politics of water in cities where infrastructural diversity has always been the norm. We do this by extending the use of heterogeneous infrastructure configurations as a heuristic device, shifting the focus and scale of urban political ecological analyses of infrastructural diversity from users and access to water distributions at city scale. To explain the impacts of three experiments in the distribution of water across the city, we analyse how changes in the technical and operational arrangements of Accra’s bulk water filling points reflect changes in the social relations of cooperation or conflict between the diversity of actors and infrastructure supplying water across the city. We find the uneven waterscape of the city is shaped by a plurality of actors whose practices are informed by a range of motives. These motives exceed profit-making, political legitimacy, patronage and petty corruption including also solidarity, religious beliefs and pragmatic choices. We show that distributions of water, risks and responsibilities among different actors involved in operating the water filling points are constantly contested with ambiguous and unforeseen outcomes foreclosing but also opening new possibilities for progressive experimentation. Documenting how relations between actors and technologies of water provisioning are dynamic, and open to incremental improvements towards progressive (re)distributions of water, our analysis at the city scale calls for further focus on how practices and policies of solidarity can be extended across heterogeneous provisioning systems.

scholarly journals Narratives of historial urban lakefront regenerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Pallavi Dalal ◽  
Sunita Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The City

Lakefront in the densely populated area is a place of relish, where people can enjoy and relax. As these kinds of areas are famous in urban context to provide ample visual and physical public access to water and land. The immediate alliance between settlement and water is inherent since decades, as many urban areas in the world located near to the waterfront. All these areas are directly or indirectly dependent on water for their day to day survival. Since last two decades development strategies are shifting from agriculture to industrial, these bring extensive changes in lakefront development. In precise, lakefront has become less significant for human life. This paper discusses the extensive phenomenon of lakefront development in Thane city, which is known as the “City of Lakes”, because of manifold lakes found over there. At present most of the lakes present in city are at the verge of disappearance due to reckless development. Therefore it is necessary to emphasize at historical and social aspect of lakes taking into account the overall picture and presenting the opportunities to integrate and emphasize multidisciplinary approach with social and cultural life of people.

scholarly journals The assessment of the Kyiv urban ecotopes comfort as a birds' habitat

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
М. М. Radomska ◽  
I. V. Horobtsov ◽  
M. A. Mushta
Keyword(s):  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Recreational Pressure ◽  
The City

The city is one of the most specific ecosystems of the modern biosphere. The combination of natural and artificial components and elements of the city have made it a complex system of ecotopes with various levels of anthropogenic transformation. Still the structure of urban ecosystems includes some patches of undisturbed or minimally disturbed landscapes, which may be considered the home for the most abundant part of urban biocenosis – the urban avifauna. Therefore, in this research the concept and features of urban zoocenosis in specific application to avifauna of the Kyiv urban system have been considered. A modern city if found to offer a range of benefits for birds, including food, shelter, and higher temperatures over the year and lower predator pressure and competition. However, the level of food quality as well as the condition of environment components are low and impose real health threats. Physical pollution, in particular noise and electro-magnetic impacts are also serious disturbing factors. Considering these factors, the ecotopes most suitable for birds have been defined among the parks, forests, lakes and cemeteries of the city – total 59 objects. In order to assess their comfort for birds, the specific ranking scale has been developed. The parameters taken into consideration in the course of assessment are as follows: general spatial characteristics (size and fragmentation of the territory), vegetation quality (covered territory, height and age of trees), forage availability and diversity, hydrographic situation (access to water bodies), environment quality (level of water and air pollution, noise pollution, non-organic wastes directly at the site), human pressure (density of people moving, area with artificial covers, level of anthropization), bird supporting elements and activity, and also predation pressure. According to the obtained result the forests around and its residuals inside Kyiv are the least transformed and consequently the most comfortable for the support of birds diversity. They are followed by cultivated semi-natural areas, which comfort declines as the levels of recreational pressure, human presence and proximity to the city center increases. Finally, the last in the list are small parks or cemeteries, cut off from water bodies or water bodies lacking dense vegetation. An important issue, showed by personal visual observations, is that the activity of humans aimed at support of birds communities within area of any status is proved to be more important as compared to obvious disadvantages seen at certain areas.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on water and sanitation in Mumbai slums.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sougata Bera ◽  
M.A. Sherly ◽  
Kiran Kumar Janadri
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Mumbai City

Mumbai City (19.07° N, 72.87° E) is the true example of ‘diversity in extreme level’. This well-known city is commonly known as the financial capital of India and is the 12th richest city in the world. Mumbai city (Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai or MCGM) spreads around 437.5 km2, with 12.5 million population as per Census 2011, with a population density of 83,660 per km2 and approximately 6.5 million are living in the slums without proper access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). There is a debatable topic, ‘water is a blessing or a curse?’ We know water means life but in monsoon season these views might lead to conflicts. Mumbai alone has recorded 585.5 mm precipitation in July resulting in severe flooding across the city. The slum communities of Mumbai are at the receiving end of these erratic patterns due to inefficient drainage and lack of basic facilities. This pandemic situation has proved again the urgency of WASH. WHO has already listed the COVID-19 virus as one of the most contagious diseases which has been spreading exponentially due to the poor toilet facilities, lack of access to clean water and unhygienic activities in slums. The survey data from different slum communities configures their perception related to WASH and our study links it with the pandemic and the resultant adaptive capacity ranking. Although most of the Mumbai slum has a good literacy rate (69%) but lack of awareness among these slum communities lead to a vulnerable situation. The slum clusters of Mumbai have become COVID-19 hotspots and also resulted in losses of jobs and human lives. Through FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) and SWOT analysis, the study discovers present social, technical, and economic aspects and perception of these slum communities to analyze their adaptive capacity towards COVID-19. Keywords: WASH, COVID-19, Slum, Mumbai

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