Current Specification Types and Their Purpose

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Max McRobb
Keyword(s):  
Current Specification

Design and Experimental Analysis of Origami-Inspired Vibration Isolator With Quasi-Zero-Stiffness Characteristic

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Ishida ◽  
Kohki Suzuki ◽  
Haruo Shimosaka
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Spring Stiffness ◽  
Torsional Buckling ◽  
Harmonic Oscillations ◽  
Stiffness Characteristic ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
Isolation Performance

We present a prototype vibration isolator whose design is inspired by origami-based foldable cylinders with torsional buckling patterns. The vibration isolator works as a nonlinear spring that has quasi-zero spring stiffness in a given frequency region, where it does not transmit vibration in theory. We evaluate the performance of the prototype vibration isolator through excitation experiments via the use of harmonic oscillations and seismic-wave simulations of the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean and Kobe earthquakes. The results indicate that the isolator with the current specification is able to suppress the transmission of vibrations with frequencies of over 6 Hz. The functionality and constraints of the isolator are also clarified. It has been known that origami-based foldable cylinders with torsional buckling patterns provide bistable folding motions under given conditions. In a previous study, we proposed a vibration isolator utilizing the bistability characteristics and numerically confirmed the device's validity as a vibration isolator. Here, we attempt prototyping the isolator with the use of versatile metallic components and experimentally evaluate the isolation performance.

scholarly journals Comparison and Design of Resonant Network Considering the Characteristics of a Plasma Generator

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3156
Author(s):  
Geun Wan Koo ◽  
Won-Young Sung ◽  
Byoung Kuk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
Plasma Characteristics ◽  
Plasma Load

This paper presents a theoretical analysis and experimental study on the resonant network of the power conditioning system (PCS) for a plasma generator. In order to consider the characteristics of the plasma load, the resonant network of the DC-AC inverter is designed and analyzed. Specifically, the design of an LCL resonant network and an LCCL resonant network, which can satisfy the output current specification in consideration of plasma characteristics, is explained in detail. Moreover, the inverter current and phase angle between the inverter voltage and current is derived for evaluating inverter performance. Based on these analysis results, the DC-AC inverter can be designed for a plasma generator considering plasma load characteristics. The theoretical analysis of both networks is validated through the simulation and experimental results.

Research on Red Sandstone Area Expressway Subgrade Drainage System Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Mao Jin Lei ◽  
Shui Gen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Longitudinal Gradient ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Structure Damage ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
The Relationship

Aimed at the feature of expressway subgrade drainage facilities in typical red sandstone areas in Jiangxi province and based on the importance of the structure, damage conditions, service requirements and the current specification requirements related to various types of ditches, the designed repetition period of rainfall and proposed safety depth values for drainage facilities were put forward by considering reasonably the key design parameters to regional drainage facilities. The relationship between prerequisite of discharging sediment in ditches or conduits and minimum longitudinal gradient was discussed. Combined with the characteristics of red sandstone subgrade drainage with high requirements, the design elements of red sandstone area expressway subgrade drainage system were obtained, which can provide beneficial references for the subgrade drainage design in red sandstone areas.

Urethane Energy Absorbers for Automobile Bumpers

1973 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Weller
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Microcellular Foam ◽  
Real Thing ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
The Government ◽  
Energy Absorbers ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract It is believed that the concepts and data presented here are not only useful for the design and application of urethane foam for bumpers, but demonstrate the inherent fitness of the material for this purpose. To review quickly the factors listed in the beginning of the paper: 1. Urethane-faced bumpers will not only prevent damage to the bumper or vehicle, but will eliminate or minimize damage to the object impacted. 2. Repeated tests at severe overloads have demonstrated the recoverability of the foam after repeated impacts. 3. High hysteresis of urethane results in minimum rebound. 4. The material is velocity responsive within the specification range. 5. A wide variety of usable arrangements plus ready moldability provide considerable styling freedom. 6. Temperature compensation features assure designable performance consistency. 7. High efficiency or form factor is achievable, resulting in minimum force and stroke. 8. No maintenance is required. 9. Urethane microcellular foam is among the lower cost plastic materials on a per pound basis. Low densities and discreet placement can result in very competitive systems. Steel stroking bumpers are designed to ward off blows with emphasis on protection of the vehicle on which they are mounted. As a result, they present a far more hostile motoring environment than ever before for anything or anyone except another similar bumper. Urethane bumpers have a great potential for creating a far less hostile environment for everyone and everything, including fronts and rears of current vehicles, sides of all vehicles, other objects, pedestrians, and occupants. The current specification severely inhibits the realization of that potential. Doing anything about it is no easy matter since it could easily lead into a specification of horrendous complexity. However, following is one suggested approach. In testing for occupant protection, a manikin or dummy is selected as a representative test device. It is by no means truly interchangeable with the real thing or all situations, but does provide a firm and representative means for reasonable evaluation and standardization. In like manner, it would be possible to select a reasonably typical front or rear current-model configuration to serve as a representative test device on the face of the pendulum, and simply specify “no damage to the test device” rather than “no contact to specified planes”. A manufacturer could be contracted with by the government to produce identical test devices for all who wished to run such tests. Such a specification could be amended to the current specification as an alternate, rather than attempting to revise what is already an excellent document for the steel stroking bumper.

Possible problems with high PSV aggregate of the gritstone trade group

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
A. R. Woodside ◽  
P. Lyle ◽  
W. D. H. Woodward ◽  
M. J. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Property ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Trade Group

AbstractThis paper considers the methods of assessment of high PSV greywacke aggregate from the Longford Down Massif. It reviews current specification requirements concluding that PSV is regarded as the most important surfacing aggregate property in the UK. Using a set of data, PSV is correlated with other test properties including AIV, TFV, MSSV, AAV and MDE. Despite poor correlations, the data shows general trends between properties indicating that PSV is achieved at the expense of other test properties.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОГО ЛЕСОВОЗОБНОВЛЕНИЯ ГАРИ УРАЙСКОГО ЛЕСНИЧЕСТВА ХМАО

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
А.В. Данчева
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

Приведены данные исследований естественного лесовозобновления гари в условиях Западно-Сибирского среднетаежного равнинного лесного района таежной лесорастительной зоны (на примере Урайского лесничества, расположенного в юго-западной части Ханты-Мансийского автоном- ного округа – Югры на территории кондинского административного района). Оценка лесовозобновле- ния проведена по методу учетных лент, заложенных на расстоянии 50 и 100 м от стены леса. Данные исследований показали непрерывность лесовосстановительного процесса на гари. Отмечается наличие всходов, самосева и подроста высотных категорий «мелкий», «средний» и «крупный». лесовозобновле- ние гари происходит двумя древесными породами – сосной и березой. По существующим нормативам возобновление сосны оценивается как хорошее. По количеству всходов и подроста преобладает сосна. При удалении от стены леса на 100 м происходит уменьшение количества всходов и подроста всех кате- горий крупности в 2–3 раза в сравнении с аналогичными показателями на расстоянии 50 м от стены леса независимо от вида древесной породы. Во всех высотных категориях отмечается преобладание жизне- способного подроста сосны – до 90–100 %, что является основным показателем успешности лесовос- становления исследуемой гари на данном этапе развития. береза в большинстве случаев представлена сомнительными по жизнеспособности экземплярами. В качестве лесохозяйственных мероприятий мож- но предложить проведение мониторинга за состоянием подроста и уходные мероприятия за подростом. The results of features formations of post-fire pine undergrowth on burnt area of the middle taiga zone of Western Siberia (for example, Uraisk forestry department) in location of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area. Undergrowth was studied on tapes laid out parallel to the forest edges at a distance of 50 and 100. According to studies it is observed of reafforestation continuity of burned areas. The presence of sprouting and undergrowth of the high- elevation categories «small», «medium» and «large» is noted. The burned areas reforestation with two tree species – pine and birch proceed. According to current specification, the pine natural regeneration is assessed as «normal». The amount of pine undergrowth is greater than the amount of birch undergrowth. To be at 100 m from forest edges the number of seedlings and undergrowth decreases by 2–3 times in comparison with the same indicators at 50 m from the forest edges. There is a predominance of vital pine undergrowth – up to 90–100 %. This is evidence of the successful reforestation of burned areas at this stage of development.

scholarly journals Thermal and Electrical Analysis of Solid Aluminium Capacitors

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H.L.J. Dekker ◽  
C. J.M. Lasance
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Reverse Voltage ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Electrolytic Capacitors ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
Electrical Analysis

The thermal properties of electronic components partly determine the reliability of electronic equipment. For electrolytic capacitors, they also set the limits for the ripple current and voltage values.This article first discusses the voltage limits under various conditions of temperature, frequency and polarity. Then the connection of ripple current to these parameters and to the capacitor's resistance is treated.An extensive analysis is made of the influence of heat conduction in the capacitor and the printed-circuit board, for metal-cased as well as for epoxy-coated pearl types. The study pays particular attention to solid aluminium capacitors containing a manganese dioxide semiconductor. They have some extraordinary properties: a temperature range of at least – 80 to + 175℃, and an appreciable reverse voltage potential.These can be fully employed to improve the ripple-current specification.

Computational logics and verification techniques of multi-agent commitments: survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Menshawy ◽  
Jamal Bentahar ◽  
Warda El Kholy ◽  
Pinar Yolum ◽  
Rachida Dssouli
Keyword(s):  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Temporal Logics ◽  
Agent Interactions ◽  
Agent Communication Languages ◽  
Current Specification ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Verification Techniques

AbstractAgent communication languages (ACLs) are fundamental mechanisms that enable agents in multi-agent systems totalk, communicate with each other in order to satisfy their individual and social goals in a cooperative and competitive manner. Social approaches are advocated to overcome the shortcomings of ACL semantics delineated by using mental approaches in the figure of agents’ mental notions. Over the last two decades,socialcommitments have been the subject of considerable research in some of those social approaches as they provide a powerful representation for modeling and reasoning upon multi-agent interactions in the form of mutual contractual obligations. They particularly provide a declarative, flexible, verifiable, and social semantics for ACL messages while respecting agents’ autonomy, heterogeneity, and openness.In this manuscript, we go through prominent and predominate proposals in the literature to explore the state of the art on how temporal logics can be devoted to define a formal semantics for ACL messages in terms of social commitments and associated actions. We explain each proposal and point out if and how it meetssevencrucial criteria, four of them introduced by Munindar P. Singh to have a well-defined semantics for ACL messages. Far from deciding the best proposal, our aim is to present the advantages (strengths) and limitations of those proposals to designers and developers using a concrete running example and to compare between them, so that they can make the best choice with regard to their needs. We explore and evaluate current specification languages and different verification techniques that have been discussed within those proposals to, respectively, specify and verify commitment-based protocols. We also investigate logical languages of actions advocated to specify, model, and execute commitment-based protocols in other contributed proposals. Finally, we suggest some solutions that can contribute to address the identified limitations.

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