Blasting as a comminution process: A useful tool for prediction of fragment size and explosive energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
U. Prasad ◽  
A.R. Laplante ◽  
B. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Explosive Energy ◽  
Comminution Process

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Blasting Performance of Water-Soil Composite Stemming in Underground Mines

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyang Qiu ◽  
Xiuzhi Shi ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Blast Hole ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Deep Hole ◽  
Explosive Energy ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
The Mean

Top stemming is necessary to stop the explosive energy from escaping through the upper part of blast-holes in cutting blasts of large-diameter deep-hole blasting in underground mines. The often-used single soil stemming frequently leads to material clogging which results in reduction of blasting efficiency. In this paper, a new water-soil composite stemming is proposed to solve the problem. A series of small-scale tests were conducted on solid concrete masonry blocks to investigate the effect of top stemming material and stemming length on blasting performance. The experimental results indicated that water stemming was worse at improving the utilization rate of the explosion energy compared with single soil stemming of the same length. Further, the mean fragment size decreased with the increase of stemming length for single water stemming. Three schemes of water-soil composite stemming were designed and the scheme with soil in the lower part and water filled in bags in the higher part had the best fragmentation. The water-soil composite stemming was applied in underground stopes, and field results indicated that the newly proposed stemming led to similar rock fragmentation with traditional single soil stemming, but greatly reduced the clogged blast hole ratio, thus effectively improving blasting and mining efficiency.

Using explosive energy for processing aluminum matrix composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (PR9) ◽  
pp. Pr9-119-Pr9-122
Author(s):  
V. Popov ◽  
V. Gulbin ◽  
E. Sungurov
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Explosive Energy

Injuries to the Coronoid Process of the Ulna with Involvement of the Lesser Sigmoid Notch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Rausch ◽  
Sina Neugebauer ◽  
Tim Leschinger ◽  
Lars Müller ◽  
Kilian Wegmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Annular Ligament ◽  
Concomitant Injuries ◽  
Proximal Ulna ◽  
Sigmoid Notch ◽  
Coronoid Fractures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Arthritic Changes

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to describe the involvement of the lesser sigmoid notch in fractures to the coronoid process. We hypothesized that injuries to the lateral aspect of the coronoid process regularly involve the annular ligament insertion at the anterior lesser sigmoid notch. Material and Methods Patients treated for a coronoid process fracture at our institution between 06/2011 and 07/2018 were included. We excluded patients < 18 years, patients with arthritic changes or previous operative treatment to the elbow, and patients with concomitant injuries to the proximal ulna. In patients with involvement of the lesser sigmoid notch, the coronoid height and fragment size (anteroposterior, mediolateral, and craniocaudal) were measured. Results Seventy-two patients (mean age: 47 years ± 17.6) could be included in the study. Twenty-one patients (29.2%) had a fracture involving the lateral sigmoid notch. The mean anteroposterior fragment length was 7 ± 1.6 mm. The fragment affected a mean of 43 ± 10.8% of the coronoid height. The mean mediolateral size of the fragment was 10 ± 5.0 mm, and the mean cranio-caudal size was 7 ± 2.7 mm. Conclusion Coronoid fractures regularly include the lesser sigmoid notch. These injuries possibly affect the anterior annular ligament insertion which is important for the stability of the proximal radioulnar joint and varus stability of the elbow.

Design of control elements for emulsion explosive energy with programmable initiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
M.N. Overchenko ◽  
◽  
S.P. Mozer ◽  
S.A. Tolstunov ◽  
V.A. Belin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Explosive ◽  
Explosive Energy

Transplantation of coral fragment, Acropora formosa (Scleractinia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho ◽  
Maykel A.J Karauwan
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one.  However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya.  Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan.  Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%.  Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

Cell free DNA as an evolving liquid biopsy biomarker for initial diagnosis and therapeutic nursing in Cancer- An evolving aspect in Medical Biotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in numerous body fluids in addition to initiates generally from blood cells. It is undoubtedly the utmost promising tool among all components of liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy is a specialized method investigating the nonsolid biological tissue by revealing of circulating cells, cell free DNA etc. that enter body fluids. Since, cancer cells disengage from compact tumors circulate in peripheral blood, evaluating blood of cancer patients holds the opportunities for capture and molecular level analysis of various tumor-derived constituents. Cell free DNA samples can deliver a significant perceptions into oncology, for instance tumor heterogeneity, instantaneous tumor development, response to therapy and treatment, comprising immunotherapy and mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Malignant growth at any phase can outhouse tumor cells in addition to fragments of neoplasticity causing DNA into circulatory system giving noble sign of mutation in the tumor at sampling time. Liquid biopsy distinguishes diverse blood based evolving biomarkers comprising circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or cfDNA, circulating RNA (cfRNA) and exosomes. Cell free DNA are little DNA fragments found circulating in plasma or serum, just as other fluids present in our body. Cell free DNA involves primarily double stranded nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA, present both on a surface level and in the lumen of vesicles. The probable origins of the tumor-inferred portion of cfDNA are apoptosis or tumor necrosis, lysis of CTCs or release of DNA from the tumor cells into circulation. The evolution of innovations, refinement and improvement in therapeutics for determination of cfDNA fragment size and its distribution provide significant information related with pathological conditions of the cell, thus emerging as promising indicator for clinical output in medical biotechnology.

scholarly journals Agent‐based modeling of the effects of forest dynamics, selective logging, and fragment size on epiphyte communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2937-2951
Author(s):  
Gunnar Petter ◽  
Gerhard Zotz ◽  
Holger Kreft ◽  
Juliano Sarmento Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Epiphyte Communities

scholarly journals Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods Developed for Forensic and Ancient DNA Applications Using Bone Samples of Different Age

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Catarina Xavier ◽  
Mayra Eduardoff ◽  
Barbara Bertoglio ◽  
Christina Amory ◽  
Cordula Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Dna Amount

The efficient extraction of DNA from challenging samples, such as bones, is critical for the success of downstream genotyping analysis in molecular genetic disciplines. Even though the ancient DNA community has developed several protocols targeting small DNA fragments that are typically present in decomposed or old specimens, only recently forensic geneticists have started to adopt those protocols. Here, we compare an ancient DNA extraction protocol (Dabney) with a bone extraction method (Loreille) typically used in forensics. Real-time quantitative PCR and forensically representative typing methods including fragment size analysis and sequencing were used to assess protocol performance. We used four bone samples of different age in replicates to study the effects of both extraction methods. Our results confirm Loreille’s overall increased gain of DNA when enough tissue is available and Dabney’s improved efficiency for retrieving shorter DNA fragments that is beneficial when highly degraded DNA is present. The results suggest that the choice of extraction method needs to be based on available sample, degradation state, and targeted genotyping method. We modified the Dabney protocol by pooling parallel lysates prior to purification to study gain and performance in single tube typing assays and found that up to six parallel lysates lead to an almost linear gain of extracted DNA. These data are promising for further forensic investigations as the adapted Dabney protocol combines increased sensitivity for degraded DNA with necessary total DNA amount for forensic applications.

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