Joint convergence I: single pattern

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Arup Bose
Keyword(s):  
Single Pattern

Motion Analysis of the Cervical Spine

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Luers
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Ligamentous Injury ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Motion Segment ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Compensatory Motion ◽  
Loss Of Motion ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, defines a motion segment as “two adjacent vertebrae, the intervertebral disk, the apophyseal or facet joints, and ligamentous structures between the vertebrae.” The range of motion from segment to segment varies, and loss of motion segment integrity is defined as “an anteroposterior motion of one vertebra over another that is greater than 3.5 mm in the cervical spine, greater than 2.5 mm in the thoracic spine, and greater than 4.5 mm in the lumbar spine.” Multiple etiologies are associated with increased motion in the cervical spine; some are physiologic or compensatory and others are pathologic. The standard radiographic evaluation of instability and ligamentous injury in the cervical spine consists of lateral flexion and extension x-ray views, but no single pattern of injury is identified in whiplash injuries. Fluoroscopy or cineradiographic techniques may be more sensitive than other methods for evaluating subtle abnormal motion in the cervical spine. The increased motion thus detected then must be evaluated to determine whether it represents normal physiologic motion, normal compensatory motion, motion related to underlying degenerative disk and/or facet disease, or increased motion related to ligamentous injury. Imaging studies should be performed and interpreted as instructed in the AMA Guides.

scholarly journals Disparities in the Evolution of the COVID-19 Pandemic between Spanish Provinces

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5085
Author(s):  
Héctor López-Mendoza ◽  
Antonio Montañés ◽  
Franciso Javier Moliner-Lahoz
Keyword(s):  
High Mobility ◽  
South American ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Ordered Logit Model ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Divergent Behavior ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Industrial Economic

Spain experienced a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in autumn 2020, which has been approached with different measures by regional authorities. We analyze the presence of convergence in the cumulative incidence for 14 days (CI14) in provinces and self-governing cities. The Phillips–Sul methodology was used to study the grouping of behavior between provinces, and an ordered logit model was estimated to understand the forces that drive creating the different convergence clubs. We reject the presence of a single pattern of behavior in the evolution of the CI14 across territories. Four statistically different convergence clubs and an additional province (Madrid) with divergent behavior are observed. Provinces with developed agricultural and industrial economic sectors, high mobility, and a high proportion of Central and South American immigrants had the highest level of CI14. We show that the transmission of the virus is not homogeneous in the Spanish national territory. Our results are helpful for identifying differences in determinants that could explain the pandemic’s evolution and for formulating hypotheses about the effectiveness of implemented measures.

Concluding remarks

1977 ◽  
Vol 277 (955) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Chromosome Organization ◽  
Base Sequence ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Sequence Complexity ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Chromosome Alignment ◽  
Single Pattern

Professor Darlington opened the meeting by challenging us with the view that chromosomes made the laws of heredity, rather than heredity fashioning the organization of chromosomes. To keep this wheel of logic spinning, it may be said that chromosomes also made the process of meiosis and thus determined the laws of meiotic exchange. I choose this gambit because our discussions lent considerable emphasis to the view that chromosome complexity compels its own sets of distinctive, and perhaps varied, mechanisms to effect the ultimate event of molecular recombination. The complexity that leads molecular recombination to operate in elaborate meiotic moulds is not, it should be emphasized, base sequence complexity. On the contrary, sequence repeats and genetic homoeologies, though adding disproportionately little to the base sequence complexity of a genome, adds considerably to the complexity of effecting chromosome alignment and crossing over. How chromosomes of diverse genetic content manage that complexity and in the process mould the characteristics of meiotic behaviour has been the primary target of our deliberations. That no single pattern of meiotic conduct was perceived in consequence of the discussions, is to be expected. To the extent that genomes differ in various aspects of chromosome organization - and that they do is patent - the particulars of meiotic organization might also differ. Although a strong sentiment was occasionally expressed for a single universal process of meiosis, it is my opinion that sameness and universality may be mistakenly treated as synonyms. Universals provide for diversity; they do not impose sameness. The task of identifying universal threads among different meiotic fabrics is not a straightforward one. The ultimate act of genetic recombination offers no detailed guide to the routes by which it may be achieved. Indeed, it is the structure of the chromosome that dictates the route ; recombination only signals the direction.

Effects of stimulation frequencies and patterns on performance of repetitive, nonisometric tasks

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikutlo B. Kebaetse ◽  
Amanda E. Turner ◽  
Stuart A. Binder-Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Target Angle ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stimulation Pattern ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

The purpose of this paper was to determine the effects of stimulation pattern and frequency on repetitive human knee movements. Quadriceps femoris muscles were stimulated against a load equal to 10% of each subject's maximum voluntary isometric force. The main variable of interest was the number of repetitions in which the leg reached a target angle of 40° of knee extension. Sixteen different trains were tested, including 1) six constant-frequency trains with frequencies ranging from 9 to 100 Hz, 2) five variable-frequency trains with an initial 5-ms triplet and mean frequencies ranging from 11 to 35 Hz, and 3) five doublet-frequency trains, which used doublets (2 pulses with a 5-ms interpulse interval) to replace single pulses, with mean frequencies of 17–57 Hz. Testing was stopped when the subject failed to reach the target angle for three consecutive activations. Results showed that no single pattern was best for all subjects. The 33- and 100-Hz constant-frequency trains, 35-Hz variable-frequency trains, and 27- and 36-Hz doublet frequency trains each met the target the most times for some subjects. The results showed that, under our testing conditions, higher frequency trains were better suited for producing repetitive knee movements than lower frequency trains.

Beyond a Single Pattern of Mixed Emotional Experience

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Oceja ◽  
Pilar Carrera
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotional Ambivalence ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Different Levels

The Analogical Emotional Scale (AES) permits respondents to represent the changes that occur in the course of two different emotions over the time in which they are experienced ( Carrera & Oceja, 2007 ). We tested whether the use of the AES allows us to go beyond the distinction between sequential and simultaneous emotional experiences. Specifically, the AES permits us to detect and discriminate at least four different patterns of mixed emotional experience: sequential, prevalence, inverse, and highly simultaneous. We carried out four studies in which different stimuli were used for inducing emotion: personal memories, verbal accounts, videos, and photographs. The results supported our expectation that these four patterns are associated with different levels of emotional ambivalence and tension along a continuum from lesser to greater: sequential, prevalence, inverse, and highly simultaneous.

scholarly journals Pengenalan Motif Karawo Menggunakan Ekstraksi Fitur SIFT Dan Approximate Nearest Neighbor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrial
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Sift Algorithm ◽  
Approximate Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Tree Data ◽  
Threshold Testing ◽  
Root Word ◽  
Tree Data Structure

An art culture from Gorontalo became iconic handcraft is kerawang or karawo. The word “karawo” came from root word of “mokarawo” which means slicing or making holes. It’s created with precision, carefulness, and patience in work using handmade masterpiece. Pattern of karawo itself held four kinds which is flora, fauna, geometric, and nature. From those kinds born vary pattern which come difficult to identify both its names and its kind. Karawo patterns can be form as a single pattern or a pattern that it parts came from several or many pattern combined. Those patterns had its own characteristic from shape and scale perspective. Identifying single pattern on combined pattern are particularly a problem because it’s combined involve scaling and rotation. This research is recognizing single pattern on combined pattern using feature extraction SIFT algorithm which is capable extract feature that invariant from scale and rotation. Feature matching using approximate nearest neighbor (aNN) for similarity of features labor best bin first strategy on kd-tree data structure. Those methods can be a reference to recognize single pattern on combined pattern using from range 5 to 20 match features as a threshold. Testing result indicated recognition accuracy is good which range form 76.36% to 85.45% on recognize the kind of karawo pattern and 76.36% on its name.

scholarly journals Anomalous Behavior Detection Framework Using HTM-Based Semantic Folding Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hamid Masood Khan ◽  
Fazal Masud Khan ◽  
Aurangzeb Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Asghar ◽  
Daniyal M. Alghazzawi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Behavior Detection ◽  
Hierarchical Temporal Memory ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Standard Normal

Upon the working principles of the human neocortex, the Hierarchical Temporal Memory model has been developed which is a proposed theoretical framework for sequence learning. Both categorical and numerical types of data are handled by HTM. Semantic Folding Theory (SFT) is based on HTM to represent a data stream for processing in the form of sparse distributed representation (SDR). For natural language perception and production, SFT delivers a solid structural background for semantic evidence description to the fundamentals of the semantic foundation during the phase of language learning. Anomalies are the patterns from data streams that do not follow the expected behavior. Any stream of data patterns could have a number of anomaly types. In a data stream, a single pattern or combination of closely related patterns that diverges and deviates from standard, normal, or expected is called a static (spatial) anomaly. A temporal anomaly is a set of unexpected changes between patterns. When a change first appears, this is recorded as an anomaly. If this change looks a number of times, then it is set to a “new normal” and terminated as an anomaly. An HTM system detects the anomaly, and due to continuous learning nature, it quickly learns when they become the new normal. A robust anomalous behavior detection framework using HTM-based SFT for improving decision-making (SDR-ABDF/P2) is a proposed framework or model in this research. The researcher claims that the proposed model would be able to learn the order of several variables continuously in temporal sequences by using an unsupervised learning rule.

scholarly journals Manifold spirals in barred galaxies with multiple pattern speeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
pp. A44
Author(s):  
C. Efthymiopoulos ◽  
M. Harsoula ◽  
G. Contopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Invariant Manifolds ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Spiral Structure ◽  
Galactic Disk ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Barred Galaxies ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Pattern Speed ◽  
Pattern Speeds ◽  
Manifold Theory

In the manifold theory of spiral structure in barred galaxies, the usual assumption is that the spirals rotate with the same pattern speed as the bar. Here, we generalize the manifold theory under the assumption that the spirals rotate with a different pattern speed than the bar. More generally, we consider the case in which one or more modes, represented by the potentials V2, V3, etc., coexist in the galactic disk in addition to the bar’s mode Vbar, but the modes rotate with pattern speeds, Ω2, Ω3, etc., which are incommensurable between themselves and with Ωbar. Through a perturbative treatment (assuming that V2, V3, etc. are small with respect to Vbar), we then show that the unstable Lagrangian points L1 and L2 of the pure bar model (Vbar, Ωbar) are continued in the full model as periodic orbits, in the case of one extra pattern speed, or as epicyclic “Lissajous-like” unstable orbits, in the case of more than one extra pattern speeds. We use GL1 and GL2 to denote the continued orbits around the points L1 and L2. Furthermore, we show that the orbits GL1 and GL2 are simply unstable. As a result, these orbits admit invariant manifolds, which can be regarded as the generalization of the manifolds of the L1 and L2 points in the single pattern speed case. As an example, we computed the generalized orbits GL1, GL2, and their manifolds in a Milky-Way-like model in which bar and spiral pattern speeds were assumed to be different. We find that the manifolds produce a time-varying morphology consisting of segments of spirals or “pseudorings”. These structures are repeated after a period equal to half the relative period of the imposed spirals with respect to the bar. Along one period, the manifold-induced time-varying structures are found to continuously support at least some part of the imposed spirals, except at short intervals around specific times at which the relative phase of the imposed spirals with respect to the bar is equal to ±π/2. The connection of these effects to the phenomenon of recurrent spirals is discussed.

Single Pattern Generating Heuristics for Pixel Advertisements

2009 ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Knoops ◽  
Victor Boskamp ◽  
Adam Wojciechowski ◽  
Flavius Frasincar
Keyword(s):  
Single Pattern
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