The Role of Essential Fatty Acids and Prostaglandins in Breast Cancer

Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.

Download Full-text

Selective retention of essential fatty acids: the role of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.2.r414 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 265 (2) ◽

pp. R414-R419 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. Xia ◽

N. Mostafa ◽

B. G. Bhat ◽

G. L. Florant ◽

R. A. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

High Rate ◽

Neonatal Rats ◽

Beta Oxidation ◽

Selective Retention ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Assay Conditions ◽

Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase

In the suckling rat, chick embryo, and hibernating marmot, fatty acids provide the major source of energy, and despite the high rate of hepatic beta-oxidation, these animals selectively retain long-chain polyunsaturated derivatives of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. To determine whether the hepatic microsomal activity monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) (EC 2.3.1.22) could provide a mechanism to selectively acylate monoacylglycerols that contain essential fatty acids, we tested the ability of MGAT activity from each of the three species to acylate sn-2-monoC18:1-, sn-2-monoC18:2-, sn-2-monoC18:3-, and sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerols. Hepatic MGAT activity acylated sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol and sn-2-monoC18:2-glycerol in preference to sn-2-monoC18:1-glycerol in each of the three different lipolytic animals. MGAT's acyl group specificity could not be explained by invoking differences in membrane fluidity because the apparent affinity for sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerol was not increased. Further, sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol remained a preferred substrate under assay conditions when both the C18:3 and C18:1 species were present in equal amounts. As would be predicted in the presence of high activity of a selective MGAT, the hepatic glycerolipids from neonatal rats showed increases in dienoic, trienoic, and C22:6 fatty acids and relative decreases in monoenoic, saturated, and C20:4 fatty acids. We hypothesize that, during lipolysis, the reacylation of sn-2-monoacylglycerols by MGAT may provide a mechanism by which essential fatty acids are retained within specific tissues.

Download Full-text

Novel signaling molecules implicated in tumor-associated fatty acid synthase-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation and survival: Role of exogenous dietary fatty acids, p53-p21WAF1/CIP1, ERK1/2 MAPK, p27KIP1, BRCA1, and NF-κB

International Journal of Oncology ◽

10.3892/ijo.24.3.591 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Javier Menendez ◽

Inderjit Mehmi ◽

Ella Atlas ◽

Ramon Colomer ◽

Ruth Lupu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Cancer Cell ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation

Download Full-text

Endogenous Receptor Agonists: Resolving Inflammation

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2007.188 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1440-1462 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Gerhard Bannenberg ◽

Makoto Arita ◽

Charles N. Serhan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Lipid Mediators ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Molecular Events ◽

Inflammation Resolution ◽

Specific Lipid ◽

Chemical Mediators

Controlled resolution or the physiologic resolution of a well-orchestrated inflammatory response at the tissue level is essential to return to homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular events that control the termination of acute inflammation is needed in molecular terms given the widely held view that aberrant inflammation underlies many common diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the role of arachidonic acid and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)–derived lipid mediators in regulating the resolution of inflammation. Using a functional lipidomic approach employing LC-MS-MS–based informatics, recent studies, reviewed herein, uncovered new families of local-acting chemical mediators actively biosynthesized during the resolution phase from the essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These new families of local chemical mediators are generated endogenously in exudates collected during the resolution phase, and were coined resolvins and protectins because specific members of these novel chemical families control both the duration and magnitude of inflammation in animal models of complex diseases. Recent advances on the biosynthesis, receptors, and actions of these novel anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators are reviewed with the aim to bring to attention the important role of specific lipid mediators as endogenous agonists in inflammation resolution.

Download Full-text