A Review of the Physical and Chemical Components of the Great Lakes: A Basis for Classification and Inventory of Aquatic Habitats

Graphene, as the earliest discovered two-dimensional (2D) material, possesses excellently physical and chemical properties. Vast synthetic strategies, including chemical vapor deposition, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical reduction, are proposed. In this paper, a method to synthesize multilayer graphene in a semi-opened environment is presented by introducing arc-discharge plasma technology. Compared with previous technologies, the toxic gases and hazardous chemical components are not generated in the whole process. The synthesized carbon materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectra technologies. The paper offers an idea to synthesize multilayer graphene in a semi-opened environment, which is a development to produce graphene with arc-discharge plasma.

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Defining Conditions for the Etching of Silicon in an Inductive Coupled Plasma Reactor

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-605-299 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 605 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Ashraf ◽

J. K. Bhardwaj ◽

E. Guibarra ◽

S. Hall ◽

J. Hopkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Reactor ◽

Etching Rate ◽

Critical Dimension ◽

High Rate ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Variation Of Parameters ◽

Process Support ◽

Dimension Control ◽

Physical And Chemical

AbstractIn high-density fluorinated plasma processes, the mechanisms that fundamentally limit the etching of silicon are poorly understood. In an effort to improve our understanding of limits to the performance of such systems, the etching of silicon wafers in an inductive coupled plasma reactor, using SF6, has been studied. A systematic empirical investigation has allowed us to define many of the experimental parameters that control the etching rate.There is little temperature dependence of etching which suggests a diffusion limited process. Systematic variation of parameters controlling the rate of etching: total pressure in the reactor, flow rate, partial pressure of reactive species and the rf power supplied to the discharge enable us to accurately define the performance of the system. Experiments, which segregate the physical and chemical components of the etching process, support the conclusion that etching is dominated by electrically neutral species. These various results are interpreted in terms of accepted models for the reactive chemistry in plasmas containing SF6.The MEMS industry is placing ever greater demands on etching processes, and there is a need to achieve the high degrees of anisotropy, and critical dimension control, at high etch-rates. The approach outlined allows us to develop effective strategies for evolving improved systems for the high rate plasma etching of silicon.

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Diurnal change of phytoplankton, some physical and chemical components in the River Danube near Budapest (Hungary)

SIL Proceedings 1922-2010 ◽

10.1080/03680770.1995.11900879 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 1041-1044

Author(s):

K. T. Kiss ◽

J. Nosek ◽

L. Kremmer

Keyword(s):

Diurnal Change ◽

Chemical Components ◽

River Danube ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Influence of Physical and Chemical Components on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Ten Brazilian Wood Species

Materials Research ◽

10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bárbara Branquinho Duarte ◽

Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽

Antonio Aprigio da Silva Curvelo ◽

André Luis Christoforo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Species ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Oil Palm Plantation Soil: A New Lead in Forensic Investigation

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia ◽

10.17576/jskm-2021-1901-11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (01) ◽

pp. 97-105

Author(s):

RUS DINA RUS DIN ◽

SERI MIRIANTI ISHAR ◽

HEMANANTHINI NAGANATHAN

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Soil Sample ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Forensic Investigation ◽

Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical

Soil sample is one of the important evidence that can be found in crime scene. Unknown soil sample can be analysed and compared with reference sample in order to determine the origin as its physical and chemical components possess unique characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of soil from oil palm plantations in Perak, Malaysia to assist forensic investigation. Total of 97 topsoil samples were collected from three different oil palm plantations in Perak. Particle size distribution was obtained using dry sieving technique and colour of soil sample was examined under three conditions that are dry, moist and ashed. Soil pH was measured using pH meter and percentage of composition of soil organic matter (SOM) was determined by weighing the sample before and after ignition. Result showed that the composition of particle size <0.18mm was within the range of 5.57-21.11% whereas for particle size between 0.18mm - 0.6mm was within 31.62 - 52.96% and 25.78-66.86% for particle size >0.6mm. The color mode of soil after oven dried, moistened and ashed was greyish brown (10YR 5/2), very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) respectively. Soil pH was in the range of 5.79 – 6.70. The percentage of SOM was between 3.29 - 20.48%. The physical and chemical characteristics of soil analysed in this study from three different locations of oil palm plantations varied and it is possible to discriminate these locations based on the analysis highlighted in this study.

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Development of a Geographic Information System-Based Decision Support Tool for Evaluating Windfarm Sitings in Great Lakes Aquatic Habitats

10.2172/1303492 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin E. Wehrly ◽

◽

Edward S. Rutherford ◽

Lizhu Wang ◽

Jason Breck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Decision Support ◽

Geographic Information System ◽

Great Lakes ◽

Decision Support Tool ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Aquatic Habitats ◽

Support Tool

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Quality assessment of the essential oils from Nardostachys jatamansi (d. Don) dc and Nardostachys chinensis batal obtained from Kathmandu valley market

Scientific World ◽

10.3126/sw.v10i10.6854 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 13-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mahesh P Paudyal ◽

Meena Rajbhandari ◽

Purushottam Basnet ◽

Shoji Yahara ◽

Mohan B Gewali

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Specific Rotation ◽

Acid Number ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Nardostachys Chinensis ◽

Scientific World ◽

Nardostachys Jatamansi ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Comparable Quality

The chemical composition and physicochemical parameters of the essential oils obtained from two species of Nardostachys available in Kathmandu market, N. jatamansi (D. Don) and N. chinensis Batal were determined. GC-MS technique was used for the analysis of the oils. Both oils were characterized by high content of sesquiterpenes. â-gurjunene and jatamansone were the major sesquiterpene components of both oils. Somewhat variation in the amount of chemical components was found in two different species. The physical and chemical parameters such as specific gravity, specific rotation, refractive index and saponification value, acid number, iodine number were very similar for both species. Both oils were, therefore, of comparable quality. Scientific World, Vol. 10, No. 10, July 2012 p13-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v10i10.6854

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Polluted aquifers: identification and characterisation by statistical analysis

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.804 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 331-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Analía Boemo ◽

Haydée Musso ◽

Irene Lomniczi

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Hierarchical Clustering ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Underground Water ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Eastern Area ◽

Western Area ◽

Physical And Chemical

Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis applied to chemical components and physicochemical properties of well water proved to be a useful tool for identification and characterisation of aquifers. Underground water of Lerma Valley (Salta, Argentina) was examined for its physical and chemical properties by sampling 46 wells located in two adjacent areas separated by hills, one of them polluted with boron since 1991. Hierarchical clustering splits sampled sites into two main clusters, corresponding to the two areas, establishing the fact that the aquifers should be considered as two different entities in spite of their common recharge area. Values of boron concentration in the eastern area decreased in most of the wells since the pollution sources were eradicated, while four of them experienced a substantial increase, proof of the slow self-recovery of the aquifer. The use of principal component analysis provided evidence of the incipient boron pollution of the aquifer of the western area.

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