J -integral as a useful fracture parameter for analysis of desiccation cracking in clayey soils

Abstract The use of the J-integral to investigate fracture characterization in a carbon black reinforced natural rubber is described. Three applications to crack initiation are included: two based on the use of a hypothetical zero specimen length and one on conventional testing procedures for metals. While the validity of the zero-length methods is questionable, the conventional method yielded a consistent Jc value of 1.01 N/mm for a typical tire compound. This value was obtained from 24 combinations of varying specimen geometries and pre-crack lengths. The J-integral is revealed as a valid fracture parameter that is applicable not only for material evaluation but also for designing tire structures to resist premature failure. These conclusions disagree with those from an earlier investigation, so the causes for the discrepancies are examined and discussed.

Download Full-text

Tensile behavior of clayey soils during desiccation cracking process

Engineering Geology ◽

10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105909 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 279 ◽

pp. 105909

Author(s):

Qing Cheng ◽

Chao-Sheng Tang ◽

Zhi-guo Chen ◽

Mohamed Ramy El-Maarry ◽

Hao Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Behavior ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Desiccation Cracking ◽

Cracking Process

Download Full-text

Experiment evidence on the temperature dependence of desiccation cracking behavior of clayey soils

Engineering Geology ◽

10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.05.003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 114 (3-4) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Chao-Sheng Tang ◽

Yu-Jun Cui ◽

Anh-Minh Tang ◽

Bin Shi

Keyword(s):

Temperature Dependence ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Cracking Behavior ◽

Desiccation Cracking

Download Full-text

Desiccation Cracking Behavior of Clayey Soils Treated with Biocement and Bottom Ash Admixture during Wetting–Drying Cycles

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198120924409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2674 (8) ◽

pp. 441-454

Author(s):

Mark Vail ◽

Cheng Zhu ◽

Chao-Sheng Tang ◽

Nate Maute ◽

Melissa Tababa Montalbo-Lomboy

Keyword(s):

Soil Stabilization ◽

Particle Surface ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Calcite Precipitation ◽

Cracking Behavior ◽

Earth Structures ◽

Desiccation Cracking ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance

Desiccation cracking considerably impairs the hydraulic and mechanical properties of clayey soils that are critical to the long-term performance of infrastructure foundations and earth structures. Typical crack remediation methods are associated with high labor and maintenance costs or the use of environmentally unfriendly chemicals. Recycling waste materials and developing biomediated techniques have emerged as green, sustainable soil stabilization solutions. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of soil crack remediation through use of bottom ash admixtures and microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP). We carried out cyclic wetting–drying tests to characterize the effects of bottom ash and MICP on the desiccation cracking behaviors of bentonite soils. Two groups of soil samples that contained different percentages of bottom ash (0%, 20%, 40% by weight) were prepared for cyclic water and MICP treatments, respectively. The desiccation cracking patterns captured by a high-resolution camera were quantified using image processing. We also employed scanning electron microscopy for microstructural characterizations. Experimental results revealed that cyclic water treatment resulted in more cracking, whereas cyclic MICP treatment improved soil strength owing to the precipitation of calcite crystals on the soil particle surface and inside the interparticle pores. Adding bottom ash to bentonite reduced the plasticity of the mixture, promoted the flocculation of clay particles by cation exchange, and also provided soluble calcium to enhance calcite precipitation. This study demonstrates the potential of bottom ash and MICP for crack remediation and brings new insights into the design and assessment of sustainable infrastructures under climate changes.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Elasto-Plastic Interfacial Fracture Parameters in Solder-Copper Bimaterial Using Moire´ Interferometry

Journal of Electronic Packaging ◽

10.1115/1.2792632 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 267-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Krishnamoorthy ◽

H. V. Tippur

Keyword(s):

Crack Opening ◽

Moiré Interferometry ◽

Initiation Toughness ◽

Moire Interferometry ◽

Fracture Parameter ◽

J Integral ◽

Single Strain ◽

Full Field ◽

Integral Estimation ◽

Crack Tip Opening

An experimental investigation dealing with failure characterization of 63/37 solder-copper interfaces is presented. The method of moire´ interferometry is used for mapping elasto-plastic deformations in bimaterials subjected to predominantly tensile loading. A method for quantifying the fracture parameter—the J-integral—using full-field measurement of crack opening displacements has been developed. A linear relationship between crack tip opening displacements (CTOD) and the J-integral is demonstrated. The crack growth resistance curve and hence crack initiation toughness Jc value for the bimaterial is obtained. Full-field optical information has also suggested the possibility of using a simpler method for the J-integral estimation using a single strain gage for fracture testing of interfaces with large mismatch in this geometry.

Download Full-text

The Experimental Study and Numerical Estimation of Fracture Toughness of Heterogeneous Welded Joints

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.173 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 592-593 ◽

pp. 173-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Egor Moskvichev

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fracture Toughness ◽

Welded Joints ◽

Welded Joint ◽

Element Model ◽

Fracture Parameter ◽

J Integral ◽

Numerical Estimation ◽

Mechanical Heterogeneity ◽

Numerical Finite Element

In this paper the mechanical heterogeneity of welded joints was studied. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties and fracture toughness vary significantly in zones of welded joint. To estimate the fracture parameter J-integral a numerical finite-element model based on the random variation of yield strength was proposed.

Download Full-text

Numerical Modeling and Artificial Neural Network for Predicting J-Integral of Top-Down Cracking in Asphalt Pavement

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/2631-10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2631 (1) ◽

pp. 83-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Meng Ling ◽

Xue Luo ◽

Sheng Hu ◽

Fan Gu ◽

Robert L. Lytton

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Fracture Parameter ◽

J Integral ◽

Ann Model ◽

Top Down ◽

Artificial Neural

Top-down cracking (TDC) is recognized as one of the major distress modes in asphalt pavements. This study aimed to determine the fracture parameter J-integral of TDC, which is a critical input to predict the crack growth rate and fatigue life of pavements for this type of distress. Previous research studies demonstrated that TDC is affected by various factors, including the complex state of high tensile or shear stresses induced by the loading at the edge of or within the tire and material properties such as the modulus gradient in the asphalt layer, moduli of the base and subgrade layers, and pavement structures. In this study, the finite element model (FEM) was adopted to simulate the propagation of TDC by considering combinations of these essential factors and to calculate the J-integral for 194,400 cases. It was shown that the modulus gradient plays an important role in determining the J-integral, and the J-integral is not uniformly distributed within the pavement depth. On the basis of the database generated from the FEM, six backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) models—including one input layer, two hidden layers, and one output layer—were developed by using the same input variables and output variable as those for the FEM. The R2 value for each ANN model was greater than .99, which indicates the goodness of fit. After the parameters of each ANN model have been determined, the J-integral can be predicted for any combination of the design parameters without reconstruction of the FEM.

Download Full-text

Applying Fracture Mechanics to Cracked Components Subjected to Unloading

Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 24th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD); Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Creep Fatigue Workshop ◽

10.1115/pvp2016-63575 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Sam Oliver ◽

Martyn Pavier ◽

Mahmoud Mostafavi

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Fracture Parameter ◽

J Integral ◽

Single Cycle ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Hardening Material ◽

Integrity Assessment ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Elastic Plastic Materials

The J-integral is widely used as a fracture parameter for elastic-plastic materials. The J-integral describes the intensity of the stress field close to the crack tip in a power-law hardening material under a set of well-known restrictions. This study investigates what happens when one of these restrictions is broken, namely the requirement for no unloading to occur. In this work, a centre-cracked plate is subjected to a single cycle of load in which unloading occurs. A remote tensile stress is applied, then released, then applied again up to and beyond its initial magnitude. The J-integral at each step of the analysis is calculated using finite element analysis. Its validity as a fracture parameter at each step is discussed with the aid of results from a strip yield analysis of the same problem. The relevance of the results in the context of structural integrity assessment is discussed.

Download Full-text

Bio-remediation of desiccation cracking in clayey soils through microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP)

Engineering Geology ◽

10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105389 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 105389 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bo Liu ◽

Cheng Zhu ◽

Chao-Sheng Tang ◽

Yue-Han Xie ◽

Li-Yang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clayey Soils ◽

Calcite Precipitation ◽

Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation ◽

Desiccation Cracking

Download Full-text

Desiccation Cracking Behavior of MICP-Treated Bentonite

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences9090385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vail ◽

Zhu ◽

Tang ◽

Anderson ◽

Moroski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clayey Soils ◽

Fluid Type ◽

Calcite Precipitation ◽

Crack Evolution ◽

Cracking Behavior ◽

Soil Desiccation ◽

Cracking Potential ◽

Desiccation Cracking ◽

Mixed Bacteria ◽

Calcium Bentonite

This study aims to characterize the effect of microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) on the desiccation cracking behaviors of compacted calcium bentonite soils. We prepare six groups of samples by mixing bentonites with deionized water, pure bacteria solution, pure cementation solution, and mixed bacteria and cementation solutions at three different percentages. We use an image processing tool to characterize the soil desiccation cracking patterns. Experimental results reveal the influences of fluid type and mixture percentage on the crack evolution and volumetric deformation of bentonite soils. MICP reactions effectively delay the crack initiation and remediate desiccation cracking, as reflected by the decreased geometrical descriptors of the crack pattern such as surface crack ratio. The mixture containing 50% bacteria and 50% cementation solutions maximizes the MICP treatment and works most effectively in lowering the soil cracking potential. This study provides new insights into the desiccation cracking of expansive clayey soils and shows the potential of MICP applications in the crack remediation.

Download Full-text