Bigdata-based investigation of heterogeneous migration and population distribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Fan ◽  
L. Xiong ◽  
Bo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Demographic Trend ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migration Probability

Abstract Human mobility is very important in understanding complex social and economic systems. With massive empirical datasets from the China Household Finance Survey and the National Statistics in the UK, we construct a migration probability matrix, and analyze the heterogeneous migration patterns. We then develop a random walk model to dynamically simulate the population distribution. In the stationary state, the resulting population distribution is in good agreement with the real statistical data. For comparison, simulations with an optimized gravity model and other datasets such as the census data in China are also performed. Further, the model simulation is applied to predict the demographic trend with different education levels. Our method could be generally extended to other real communities and internet worlds.

scholarly journals Use of Dynamic Analysis to Investigate the Behaviour of Short Neutral Sections in the Overhead Line Electrification

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
John Morris ◽  
Mark Robinson ◽  
Roberto Palacin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Overhead Line ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Section Model ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Neutral Section

The ‘short’ neutral section is a feature of alternating current (AC) railway overhead line electrification that is often unreliable and a source of train delays. However hardly any dynamic analysis of its behaviour has been undertaken. This paper briefly describes the work undertaken investigating the possibility of modelling the behaviour using a novel approach. The potential for thus improving the performance of short neutral sections is evaluated, with particular reference to the UK situation. The analysis fundamentally used dynamic simulation of the pantograph and overhead contact line (OCL) interface, implemented using a proprietary finite element analysis tool. The neutral section model was constructed using physical characteristics and laboratory tests data, and was included in a validated pantograph/OCL simulation model. Simulation output of the neutral section behaviour has been validated satisfactorily against real line test data. Using this method the sensitivity of the neutral section performance in relation to particular parameters of its construction was examined. A limited number of parameter adjustments were studied, seeking potential improvements. One such improvement identified involved the additional inclusion of a lever arm at the trailing end of the neutral section. A novel application of pantograph/OCL dynamic simulation to modelling neutral section behaviour has been shown to be useful in assessing the modification of neutral section parameters.

scholarly journals THE RAILWAY NETWORK AND THE PROCESS OF POPULATION CONCENTRATION IN SPAIN, 1900-2001

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Franch-Auladell ◽  
Mateu Morillas-Torné ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Municipal Level

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a methodology for quantifying the territorial impact on population distribution of the railway. The central hypothesis is that access to railway services provides the best-connected areas with a long-term comparative advantage over others that are less accessible. Carrying out a historical analysis and providing comparable data at the municipal level allows us to determine the extent to which the railway has fostered the concentration of population within its immediate surroundings. The case study presented here is that of Spain between 1900 and 2001, but the same methodology could equally be applied to any other country for which the required data are available. In this case, key data included a Geographic Information System with information about both the development of the railway network and census data relating to total population at the municipal level. The results obtained suggest the relevance of this methodology, which makes it possible to identify the periods and areas in which this influence was most significant.

scholarly journals Research on Human Travel Correlation for Urban Transport Planning Based on Multisource Data

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Ming Cai ◽  
Chen Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Single Dataset

With the rapid development of positioning techniques, a large amount of human travel trajectory data is collected. These datasets have become an effective data resource for obtaining urban traffic patterns. However, many traffic analyses are only based on a single dataset. It is difficult to determine whether a single-dataset-based result can meet the requirement of urban transport planning. In response to this problem, we attempted to obtain traffic patterns and population distributions from the perspective of multisource traffic data using license plate recognition (LPR) data and cellular signaling (CS) data. Based on the two kinds of datasets, identification methods of residents’ travel stay point are proposed. For LPR data, it was identified based on different vehicle speed thresholds at different times. For CS data, a spatiotemporal clustering algorithm based on time allocation was proposed to recognize it. We then used the correlation coefficient r and the significance test p-values to analyze the correlations between the CS and LPR data in terms of the population distribution and traffic patterns. We studied two real-world datasets from five working days of human mobility data and found that they were significantly correlated for the stay and move population distributions. Then, the analysis scale was refined to hour level. We also found that they still maintain a significant correlation. Finally, the origin–destination (OD) matrices between traffic analysis zones (TAZs) were obtained. Except for a few TAZs with poor correlations due to the fewer LPR records, the correlations of the other TAZs remained high. It showed that the population distribution and traffic patterns computed by the two datasets were fairly similar. Our research provides a method to improve the analysis of complex travel patterns and behaviors and provides opportunities for travel demand modeling and urban transport planning. The findings can also help decision-makers understand urban human mobility and can serve as a guide for urban management and transport planning.

scholarly journals Polish Migration’s Socio-Cultural Impact on Wales in the Aftermath of 2004 – Preliminary Findings from Western Wales: An Aberystwyth Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Polish Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Adaptation Processes

AbstractThis papers looks at the societal and cultural impact of the post-2004 Polish migration to Wales. The history of Polish migration to the UK is introduced together with the relevant statistics and their rationale behind choosing cosmopolitan Wales as their new country of residence. Even though the focus of the paper is rather on the UK as a whole, it is Wales that is central to the investigation. Wales was particularly neglected in the study of migration in the aftermath of the 2004 European Union (EU) enlargement and surprisingly little attention was given to it. Focusing on Polish diaspora is important as it is the most numerous external migration wave to Wales (ONS 2011). The case study of Aberystwyth is introduced as a good example of a semi-urban area to which Poles migrated after 2004. Moreover, the paper elaborates on the characteristics of the Polish newcomers by analysing their distinctive features, migration patterns as well as adaptation processes. Mutual relations between post-1945 and post-2004 immigration waves are investigated, together with Poles’ own image and perception. This paper gives a deeper understanding and provides an insight into the nature of the Polish migrants’ impact on the cultural and societal life of Wales.

scholarly journals The Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Sizer ◽  
Oliver Duke-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Pension

Background and Rationale The ONS Longitudinal Study (‘the LS’) covers England and Wales and includes individual data from the 1971 – 2011 decennial censuses and linked information on births, deaths and cancer registrations. It is representative of the population of England and Wales. Aim This presentation describes the LS and the linked administrative data, and showcases recent/ prominent examples of research. Methods and Approach The LS is built around samples drawn from decennial censuses, with its initial sample drawn from the 1971 Census. It also contains information about other people living in a sample-member’s household. Substantial emphasis is placed on security of access to the data and its responsible use. All research outputs are checked and are only released to users once disclosure control requirements are met. Linkage of study members from one census to another and vital events is carried out by ONS. Results The LS has been used for a variety of research. Using linked census and death records occupational differences in mortality rates have been researched. Individual records from all five censuses have been used to contribute to research social mobility, and research has also investigated the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution. Research has provided evidence of impact for social policy issues, e.g. health inequalities and the State Pension Age Review. Discussion The main strength of the LS is its large sample size (>1 million), making it the largest nationally representative longitudinal dataset in the UK. This allows analysis of small areas and specific population groups. Sampling bias is almost nil, and response rates are very high relative to other cohort and panel studies. Conclusion The ONS Longitudinal Study is a vital UK research asset, providing access to a large sample of census data linked across five censuses. It is strengthened through linkage to events data.

scholarly journals Exploring Ethnicity in Hospital Patients with COVID-19 in South London

The Physician ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zatorska ◽  
Niladri Konar ◽  
Pratyasha Saha ◽  
Alice Moseley ◽  
Jessica Denman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Ethnicity was found to be an independent risk factor in COVID-19 outcomes in the UK and the USA during the pandemic surge. London, being in the epicentre and having one of the most ethnically diverse population in the UK, was likely to have experienced a much higher intensity of this phenomenon. Black Asian and Minority ethnic groups were more likely to be admitted, more likely to require admission to intensive care, and more likely to die from COVID-19. We undertook an analysis of a case series to explore the impact of ethnicity in hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 during the 3 months of the pandemic. Our results demonstrated that although the proportion of Asian and Black patients were representative of the local population distribution, they were much younger. The prevalence of comorbidities was similar but logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9; p=0.02), age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.04, p<0.001), those in the ‘Other’ [Odds ratio 1.7 (1.1-2.6) p = 0.01] and ‘Asian’[Odds ratio 1.8 (1.1-2.7) p=0.01], category were at higher risk of death in this cohort. Our results, therefore, are consistent with the overall data from the UK and USA indicating that ethnicity remains a significant additional risk and hence our clinical services must ensure that adequate provision is made to cater to this risk and research must be designed to understand the causes.   

Exploration of Employability Skills in Business Management Studies Within Higher Education Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Husam Helmi Alharahsheh ◽  
Abraham Pius
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

Higher education in the United Kingdom is becoming more responsible to focus beyond teaching and learning process; this is evolving to further reflect the needs of the marketplace, engagement with firms within the industry, responsibility to enhance talent, and to close the skills gap to prepare students for employment opportunities during studies and after graduation. The purpose of this study is to provide the key employability skills in business management studies within higher education with further focus on the UK as one of the leading Western and knowledge-based economies through a systematic literature review process. The study also aims to highlight employability skills reported in the selected studies by categorising them into three main categories: very common employability skills required, common employability skills required, and uncommon employability skills required. However, throughout the studies included in the review, focus on specific skills varied due to the way researchers assessed as well as external factors taken into consideration such as cultural differences, external environment changes, the type of educational institutions, and the way curriculum was delivered, as well as the variations of specific interests of employers from a sector to another. The review is organised in six key sections: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Analysis, Discussion, and lastly, Conclusion and Implications. The reported employability skills resulted in the review can be taken into consideration to further enhance understanding of how employability skills can be embedded into curriculum within business management schools in the UK and other organisations that are responsible for articulation of employment related policies for students and recent graduates. The review can also establish that enhancement of employability skills should be a collective responsibility including universities, employers, policymakers, and students to ensure that educational outcomes are meeting the needs of the market. Higher education providers should aim to close the gap of employability by the point of graduation stage and to be ready to compete in the overcrowded labour market.

scholarly journals Population centroids of the world administrative units from nighttime lights 1992-2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Hall ◽  
Maria Francisca Archila Bustos ◽  
Niklas Boke Olén ◽  
Thomas Niedomysl
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nighttime Lights ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
True Population

Abstract Knowledge about the past, current and future distribution of the human population is fundamental for tackling many global challenges. Censuses are used to collect information about population within a specified spatial unit. The spatial units are usually arbitrarily defined and their numbers, size and shape tend to change over time. These issues make comparisons between areas and countries difficult. We have in related work proposed that the shape of the lit area derived from nighttime lights, weighted by its intensity can be used to analyse characteristics of the population distribution, such as the mean centre of population. We have processed global nighttime lights data for the period 1992–2013 and derived centroids for administrative levels 0–2 of the Database of Global Administrative Areas, corresponding to nations and two levels of sub-divisions, that can be used to analyse patterns of global or local population changes. The consistency of the produced dataset was investigated and distance between true population centres and derived centres are compared using Swedish census data as a benchmark.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document