Prenatal exposure to butyl paraben is associated with fat percentage in 7-year old boys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Damsgaard Højsager ◽  
Henriette Boye Kyhl ◽  
Hanne Frederiksen ◽  
Anders Juul ◽  
Anna-Maria Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Maternal Urine ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Context Parabens are used as preservatives in consumer products but are suspected of having endocrine-disrupting properties. A recent study reported an association between in utero exposure to butyl paraben and overweight in childhood, with a stronger trend in girls. Objective We therefore studied the association between parabens in maternal urine in third trimester and fat percentage in children aged 7 years. Design, setting & Participants We used data from the Odense Child Cohort, a mother-child cohort with enrollment from 2010-2012, in which the children are followed. Paraben concentration was assessed in maternal urine at median gestational week 28.7 and body composition measured as total, gynoid, and android fat percentages assessed by Dual Xray Absorptiometry in their children at age 7 years. Main Outcome Measurements Total, Gynoid, and Android fat percentages and z-score for BMI. Interventions None Results Paraben exposure was low. In multivariate linear regressions, detection of butylparaben in maternal urine was associated with an increase of 17% (95% confidence intervals CI 3.0%;32%) in total body fat percentage and an increase of 23% (95% CI 5.1%;43%) in android fat percentage in boys, compared to boys whose mother had no detectable butylparaben in urine. No significant associations between in utero exposure to methyl-, ethyl- or propyl parabens and body composition were found, and no significant associations were seen in girls. Conclusion Our findings suggest that parabens, which are believed to have low toxicity, may affect obesity development at vulnerable time periods during development

scholarly journals Alteration of body composition in rats: Effect of organic chromium and L-carnitine

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fekete ◽  
I. Szakáll ◽  
Emma Kósa ◽  
Emese Andrásofszky ◽  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Protein Supply

A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr addition increased feed intake. Both treatments caused changes in body composition, increasing fat and protein deposition. Organic chromium had no effect at either protein level, while L-carnitine improved the protein retention only at an optimum (20%) protein supply. No statistically significant correlation was found between total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and body composition, which could be attributed to the great individual differences. A close correlation was found among total body fat percentage, weight of epididymal fat pad and the adipocyte surface. The data suggest that there is an interaction between dietary protein supply and the effect of repartitioning agents.

scholarly journals The paediatric option for BodPod to assess body composition in preschool children: what fat-free mass density values should be used?

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Delisle Nyström ◽  
Emmie Söderström ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Eric Poortvliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Total Body ◽  
3C Model ◽  
Assess Body Composition

AbstractAir displacement plethysmography utilises a two-component model to assess body composition, which relies on assumptions regarding the density of fat-free mass (FFM). To date, there is no evidence as to whether Lohman’s or Wells et al.’s FFM density values are more accurate in young children. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare total body fat percentage (TBF%) assessed using the BodPod with both Lohman’s and Wells et al.’s FFM density values with TBF% from the three-component (3C) model in forty healthy Swedish children aged 5·5 years. Average TBF% calculated using Lohman’s FFM density values underestimated TBF% in comparison with the corresponding value assessed using the 3C model (22·2 (sd 5·7) and 25·1 (sd 5·5) %, respectively; P<0·001). No statistically significant difference was observed between TBF% assessed using Wells et al.’s FFM density values and the 3C model (24·9 (sd 5·5) and 25·1 (sd 5·5) %, respectively; P=0·614). The Bland and Altman plots for TBF% using both Lohman’s and Wells et al.’s FFM density values did not show any bias across the range of body fatness (Lohman: r 0·056, P=0·733 and Wells et al.: r −0·006, P=0·970). These results indicate that Wells et al.’s FFM density values should be used when assessing body composition with the paediatric option for BodPod in 5-year-old children. However, future studies are needed to confirm these results in other populations, including a wider age range of children.

Effect of an Acute High Carbohydrate Diet on Body Composition Using DXA in Young Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Antoine Rouillier ◽  
Sarah David-Riel ◽  
Anne-Sophie Brazeau ◽  
David H. St-Pierre ◽  
Antony D. Karelis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a 3-day high-carbohydrate diet (≥75% of total calories) on body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Twenty non-obese young men (age 22.7 ± 2.6 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2) completed the study. Two DXA tests were performed for the measurement of total body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage as well as total, appendicular and central lean body mass (LBM) before and after a high-carbohydrate diet for 3 days. In addition, the participants completed a food diary during the 3-day high-carbohydrate diet to determine the mean percentage of carbohydrates consumed from total kilocalories. Results: The mean percentage of carbohydrate intake over 3 days was 83.7 ± 8.4%. Our results showed a significant increase in total body weight, BMI as well as total and appendicular LBM after the high-carbohydrate diet (p < 0.01). In addition, we observed a strong tendency for lower body fat percentage values after the intervention (p = 0.05). No significant difference was observed for central LBM. Conclusions: These results indicate that the effect of an acute high carbohydrate diet seems to affect body composition values using DXA, such as total LBM. This study may lead to the need of standardizing a diet prior to using DXA.

Validity of the 4-compartment model using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body volume in overweight individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 742-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malia N.M. Blue ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
Eric T. Trexler ◽  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Mean Differences

The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to estimate body volume (BV) for use in a 4-compartment (4C) body composition model in an overweight/obese population. Body composition of 61 overweight/obese adults (age: 37.3 ± 10.0 years; height: 170.2 ± 9.5 cm; body mass: 97.1 ± 17.4 kg) was measured by 2 methods: a criterion 4C model and a DXA-derived BV 4C model. For both models, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy was used to estimate total body water; total body bone mineral content was measured by a full-body DXA scan. For the criterion 4C model, BV was derived from air displacement plethysmography; for the DXA-4C model, BV was derived from previously published coefficients. Total error (TE) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) values for BV (TE = 1.11 L; SEE = 0.01 L) and body fat percentage (%fat) (TE = 2.92%; SEE = 0.32%) represented good to very good agreement between models. The DXA-derived measures of body composition (BV: 96.6 ± 18.1 L; %fat: 39.5% ± 8.1%; fat mass: 38.5 ± 11.9 kg), were significantly greater (p < 0.001) than 4C criterion measures (BV: 95.7 ± 17.6 L; %fat: 37.0% ± 7.6%; FM: 36.0 ± 10.8 kg) with the exception of lean mass, which was significantly lower (p < 0.001; DXA-4C: 58.2 ± 11.2 kg; criterion 4C: 60.7 ± 12.0 kg). Although small statistically significant mean differences were observed, TE and SEE results support the use of the DXA-4C method, which requires less time and equipment, for valid estimates of body composition in overweight/obese individuals.

Association Between Body Composition and Vertical Jump Performance in Female Collegiate Volleyball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lindsey Legg ◽  
Megan Rush ◽  
Jordan Rush ◽  
Stephanie McCoy ◽  
John C Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Total Body

Background of Study: Associations between measures of body composition and vertical jump height have previously been established using a range of instrumentation and prediction equations. Limited data has presented using gold standard measurements for both variables Objective: This investigation sought to examination the relationship between total body and lower extremity measures of body composition and vertical jump performance using gold standard measurements within an athletic population. Methods: Using a cross-sectional, correlational research design fourteen collegiate female volleyball athletes completed body composition, three countermovement jumps (CMJ) and three squat jumps (SJ) analysis using DXA and force platforms. Results: High to very high positive relationships were seen between total body lean (p < 0.001) and fat mass (p < 0.05), lower extremity lean and fat mass (p < 0.01), and CMJ force and power. High negative relationships were present between total body fat percentage(p < 0.05), total fat mass (p < 0.01) and CMJ jump height. Relationships between all body composition variables and SJ performance tended to be weaker, with the exception of total body lean mass (p < 0.05), lower extremity lean mass, and power output (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings support much of the previous literature in that increases of mass have subsequent increases in force and power production; however caution should be taken will increases in mass coming from fat or lean tissue.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in body composition and anthropometric characteristics in Australian Caucasian and urban Indigenous children

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Kagawa ◽  
Nuala M. Byrne ◽  
Neil A. King ◽  
Sebely Pal ◽  
Andrew P. Hills
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Android Fat

The objective was to compare ethnic differences in anthropometry, including size, proportions and fat distribution, and body composition in a cohort of seventy Caucasian (forty-four boys, twenty-six girls) and seventy-four urban Indigenous (thirty-six boys, thirty-eight girls) children (aged 9–15 years). Anthropometric measures (stature, body mass, eight skinfolds, thirteen girths, six bone lengths and five bone breadths) and body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were conducted. Body composition variables including total body fat percentage and percentage abdominal fat were determined and together with anthropometric indices, including BMI (kg/m2), abdominal:height ratio (AHtR) and sum of skinfolds, ethnic differences were compared for each sex. After adjustment for age, Indigenous girls showed significantly (P < 0·05) greater trunk circumferences and proportion of overweight and obesity than their Caucasian counterparts. In addition, Indigenous children had a significantly greater proportion (P < 0·05) of trunk fat. The best model for total and android fat prediction included sum of skinfolds and age in both sexes (>93 % of variation). Ethnicity was only important in girls where abdominal circumference and AHtR were included and Indigenous girls showed significantly (P < 0·05) smaller total/android fat deposition than Caucasian girls at the given abdominal circumference or AHtR values. Differences in anthropometric and fat distribution patterns in Caucasian and Indigenous children may justify the need for more appropriate screening criteria for obesity in Australian children relevant to ethnic origin.

scholarly journals Using a new socioepidemiological questionnaire to analyse associations between intergenerational upward social mobility and body fat distribution: a pilot study with the Oxford BioBank cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-213930
Author(s):  
K Eli ◽  
F Karpe ◽  
S Ulijaszek
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
Total Body

BackgroundAs measured through body mass index (BMI), obesity is more prevalent among upwardly mobile adults than among adults born into middle-class families. Although BMI reflects general adiposity, health risks are more strongly associated with abdominal adiposity. It is therefore important to investigate associations between upward mobility and fat distribution.MethodsA socioepidemiological questionnaire was developed, qualitatively validated and piloted with Oxford BioBank participants. Sex-specific analyses of variance (ANOVA) investigated associations between participant occupational class and adiposity, paternal occupational class and adiposity, and upward occupational mobility and adiposity. The main aim was to observe whether the expected directional effect of adiposity in relation to paternal occupational class would emerge.Results280 participants (166 women, 114 men; age 32–67 years) completed the questionnaire. Men with fathers of occupational class 2 or 3 had higher mean BMI, total body fat percentage, android fat mass and android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio than men with fathers of occupational class 1. Women with fathers of occupational class 2 or 3 had higher mean BMI, total body fat percentage, android fat mass and gynoid fat mass than women with fathers of occupational class 1. Among men, upward mobility was not associated with adiposity. Among women, upward mobility was associated with higher total body fat percentage, android fat mass and gynoid fat mass.ConclusionThe expected directional effect was found, thereby supporting the questionnaire’s use. Upward mobility did not appear to change associations between paternal occupational class and participant adiposity. Future research using the socioepidemiological questionnaire should investigate associations between gender, educational mobility, adiposity and health.

scholarly journals Osteocalcin as a Predictor of Body Composition in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1627-1627
Author(s):  
Rosemary DeLuccia ◽  
May Cheung ◽  
Asma Altasan ◽  
Sumer Al-Ani ◽  
Rushali Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
Serum Ionized Calcium ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine if body composition and nutrient status are dependent on serumosteocalcin concentrations in healthy adults. Methods Adults 20 to 70 years of age completed fasting blood sampling to measure serum ionized calcium concentrations, serum ionized magnesium concentrations, and serum total osteocalcin concentrations. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry was also completed to measure body composition variables including body mass index (BMI), total fat mass, total fat freemass, total lean mass, android fat, gynoid fat, trunk fat, and visceral adipose tissue. Results A sample of 60 women and 78 men with a median age of 33.0 (21.0) years were categorized into two groups accordingto the median osteocalcin concentration measured: low osteocalcin (12.11 ± 2.72 ng/mL), and high osteocalcin (26.80 ± 9.72 ng/mL). Means, standard deviations, medians and interquartile ranges were calculated and independent t-tests, and Mann Whitney U tests were conducted to determine differences between groups in body composition variables. Total fat mass, total fat percentage, android fat, trunk fat, and trunk fat percentage were all significantly higher, and totalfat free mass, fat free mass percentage, total lean mass, lean mass percentage, serum ionized calcium concentrations, and serum ionized magnesium concentrations were all significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) in the low osteocalcin groupcompared to the high osteocalcin group. There were no differences (P &gt;0.05) between groups in weight, gynoid fat, visceral adiposity tissue, or visceral adiposity tissue percentage. Conclusions The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that serum osteocalcin concentrations can predict bodycomposition. Interventional studies should consider methods to alter osteocalcin concentrations through vitamin ormineral supplementation as a means to improve body composition in adults. Funding Sources American Heart Association; Drexel University.

Neonatal body proportionality and body composition after in utero exposure to cocaine and marijuana

1990 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Frank ◽  
Howard Bauchner ◽  
Steven Parker ◽  
Agnes M. Huber ◽  
Kwabena Kyei-Aboagye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Utero Exposure
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