scholarly journals α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Vasculitis by Down-Regulating Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Scholzen ◽  
C. Sunderkötter ◽  
D.-H. Kalden ◽  
T. Brzoska ◽  
M. Fastrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
Adhesion Assay ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract The neuroendocrine hormone α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) has profound antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Here we have examined the possibility that α-MSH may interfere with the expression and function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) expressed by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TNFα in vitro and in vivo. In HDMEC, α-MSH (10−8/10−12m) profoundly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin, vascular CAM (VCAM)-1, and intercellular CAM (ICAM)-1 induced by LPS or TNFα as determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. In addition, α-MSH significantly impaired the LPS-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-mediated adhesion of lymphocytes to HDMEC monolayer in a functional adhesion assay. Likewise, α-MSH effectively inhibited the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB activation in HDMEC, which is required for CAM gene expression. Importantly in vivo, in murine LPS-induced cutaneous vasculitis (local Shwartzman reaction), a single ip injection of α-MSH significantly suppressed the deleterious vascular damage and hemorrhage by inhibiting the sustained expression of vascular E-selectin and VCAM-1. This persistent expression has been implicated in the dysregulation of diapedesis and activation of leukocytes, which subsequently leads to hemorrhagic vascular damage. Our findings indicate that α-MSH may have an important therapeutical potential for the treatment of vasculitis, sepsis, and inflammatory diseases.

RESPONSES OF RAT FETAL ADRENALS TO SYNTHETIC ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE AND α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE: IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO STUDIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. DUPOUY
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
High Doses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The response of the adrenals from rat fetuses at 16,18 and 20 days of gestation to 1–24 ACTH and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was studied in vitro. The response to 1–24 ACTH increased as gestation progressed. By the end of fetal life, corticosterone release induced by ACTH from whole adrenals was greater than that observed with adrenal tissue from non-pregnant adult female rats. High doses of α-MSH also stimulated adrenal activity but the response to ACTH was always higher than that to α-MSH. The effect of 1–24 ACTH and α-MSH on fetal adrenal growth was also compared in vivo. The adrenal atrophy induced by fetal hypophysectomy on day 17 of gestation could be prevented by i.m. administration of 10 μg 1–24 ACTH or α-MSH. However, the adrenal growth was greater in ACTH-treated fetuses than in α-MSH-treated ones. Later in gestation, between days 19 and 20, 1–24 ACTH but not α-MSH was able to prevent atrophy induced by fetal hypophysectomy. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature on levels of ACTH and α-MSH in the plasma and pituitary glands of the rat throughout the last third of gestation. High levels of ACTH in the fetal circulation contrast sharply with very weak or undetectable concentrations of α-MSH. Since the present data suggest that both trophic and steroidogenic activities of ACTH were greater than those of α-MSH, it may be concluded that ACTH but not α-MSH plays a major physiological role during gestation in the regulation of both fetal adrenal growth and function in the rat.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles as mediators and markers of acute organ injury: current concepts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birte Weber ◽  
Niklas Franz ◽  
Ingo Marzi ◽  
Dirk Henrich ◽  
Liudmila Leppik
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
And Function

AbstractDue to the continued high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, there is a need to develop new strategies for the quick, precise, and valuable recognition of presenting injury pattern in traumatized and poly-traumatized patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to facilitate intercellular communication processes between cells in close proximity as well as distant cells in healthy and disease organisms. miRNAs and proteins transferred by EVs play biological roles in maintaining normal organ structure and function under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, EVs change the miRNAs and protein cargo composition, mediating or suppressing the injury consequences. Therefore, incorporating EVs with their unique protein and miRNAs signature into the list of promising new biomarkers is a logical next step. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics and technical aspects of EVs isolation and characterization. We discuss results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and patients study describing the role of EVs in different inflammatory diseases and traumatic organ injuries. miRNAs and protein signature of EVs found in patients with acute organ injury are also debated.

scholarly journals Suppressive effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and the nuclear factor-κB inhibitor parthenolide on corticotroph tumor cell growth and function in vitro and in vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Taguchi ◽  
T Takao ◽  
Y Iwasaki ◽  
M Nishiyama ◽  
K Asaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Survivin Expression ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
And Function

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is believed to have an anti-tumor effect, as well as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects. To clarify the possible inhibitory action of DHEA on pituitary tumor cells, we tested the effects of DHEA, alone or in combination with the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor parthenolide (PRT), on AtT20 corticotroph cell growth and function both in vitro and in vivo. We found that, in vitro, DHEA and PRT had potent inhibitory effects on pro-opiomelanocortin and NF-κB-dependent gene expression. They also suppressed the transcription activity of survivin, a representative anti-apoptotic factor, and induced apoptosis in this cell line. Furthermore, using BALB/C nude mice with xenografts of AtT20 cells in vivo, we found that the combined administration of DHEA and PRT significantly attenuated tumor growth and survivin expression. The treatment also decreased the elevated plasma corticosterone levels and ameliorated the malnutrition induced by tumor growth. Altogether, these results suggested that combined treatments of DHEA and PRT potently inhibit the growth and function of corticotroph tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. This effect may, at least partly, be caused by the suppressive effects of these compounds, such as survivin and other inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, on NF-κB-mediated gene transcription.

Antiseptic effect of vicenin-2 and scolymoside from Cyclopia subternata (honeybush) in response to HMGB1 as a late sepsis mediator in vitro and in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonhwa Lee ◽  
Eun-Kyung Yoon ◽  
Kyung-Min Kim ◽  
Dong Ho Park ◽  
Jong-Sup Bae
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽  
Factor Α

Cyclopia subternata is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to relieve pain. In this study, we investigated the antiseptic effects and underlying mechanisms of vicenin-2 and scolymoside, which are 2 active compounds from C. subternata that act against high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-mediated septic responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice. The antiseptic activities of vicenin-2 and scolymoside were determined by measuring permeability, neutrophil adhesion and migration, and activation of proinflammatory proteins in HMGB1-activated HUVECs and mice. According to the results, vicenin-2 and scolymoside effectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced release of HMGB1, and suppressed HMGB1-mediated septic responses such as hyperpermeability, the adhesion and migration of leukocytes, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules. In addition, vicenin-2 and scolymoside suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6, and activation of nuclear factor-κB and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 by HMGB1. Collectively, these results indicate that vicenin-2 and scolymoside could be a potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various severe vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.

Effects of different opiate agonists on melanocyte-stimulating hormone release: in vivo and in vitro studies

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Celis
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Peptides ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The effects of Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin, and β-endorphin on melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) secretion were studied in vivo and in vitro. The three opioid peptides release MSH. In vitro this release is dose dependent for Met-enkephalin between 10 and 1000 ng/mL and for Leu-enkephalin between 10 and 100 ng/mL. β-Endorphin releases MSH at the low concentration of 1 ng/mL and the effect is dose dependent between 1 and 100 ng/mL. Naloxone reverses this effect. In vivo the three petptides release MSH.

Three types of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: bioactivities and half-lives

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. E47-E54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rudman ◽  
B. M. Hollins ◽  
M. H. Kutner ◽  
S. D. Moffitt ◽  
M. J. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Lipolytic Action ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
Hydroxy Groups ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Three types of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) that differ in the acetyl status of the N-terminal serine have been found in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland and in the brain: desacetyl alpha MSH, which lacks an acetyl group; monoacetyl alpha MSH, in which the amino group of the serine is acetylated; and diacetyl alpha MSH, in which both amino and hydroxy groups of the serine are acetylated. We compared the lipolytic and melanotropic actions of these three peptides, and their rates of disappearance from plasma, both in vitro and in vivo. The following differences were found. a) For in vitro lipolytic actions on rabbit adipose tissue slices, the potencies differed according to the order diacetyl = monoacetyl greater than desacetyl. On rabbit isolated adipocytes, however, the three peptides were equipotent. b) For in vivo lipolytic action in the rabbit, not only potency but also kinetics differed. Diacetyl alpha MSH had the slowest onset, longest duration, and greatest potency. The desacetyl variant had the quickest onset, shortest duration, and least potency. c) The half-life for elimination from rabbit plasma both in vitro and in vivo was shortest for the desacetyl form and longest for the diacetyl peptide. d) For in vitro melanotropic effect on frog skin, kinetics of action were the same for all three peptides, but potency differed according to the order diacetyl = monoacetyl greater than desacetyl. Thus acetylation of alpha MSH alters lipolytic and melanotropic potencies in vitro and lipolytic potency and kinetics in vivo. These differences result in part from the fact that acetylation slows the degradation of the tridecapeptide both inside and outside the circulation.

MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE INHIBITION BY ACETYLCHOLINE AND NORADRENALINE IN THE FROG SKIN BIOASSAY

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Möller ◽  
Aaron B. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Frog Skin ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Skin Samples ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT The mechanism of aggregation induced in MSH-dispersed dermal melanocytes was studied in Rana pipiens by reflectance photometry in vitro and by microscopy in vivo. Acetylcholine inhibits MSH strongly and irreversibly in one third of all frogs tested in vitro and has almost no effect on the remaining animals. No lightening action occurs in vivo. Different skin samples from the same animal give the same response to acetylcholine. An individual response to acetylcholine implies similar responses to other cholinergics. The lightening action of acetylcholine is inhibited by atropine. Noradrenaline induces a reversible MSH-inhibition in all frogs in vitro as well as in vivo. The lightening action of noradrenaline, inhibited by sympatholytics, is ten times stronger than that of acetylcholine. The l-isomer has only twice the lightening potency as the d-isomer. Both lightening agents work if given at the maximum of MSH-dispersion or before the addition of MSH. Fundamental differences between the mechanisms of dispersion and aggregation, and between the lightening induced by acetylcholine and by noradrenaline, are emphasized.

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