Estrogen Facilitates Neurite Extension via Apolipoprotein E in Cultured Adult Mouse Cortical Neurons

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 3065-3073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britto P. Nathan ◽  
Anna G. Barsukova ◽  
Fei Shen ◽  
Mary McAsey ◽  
Robert G. Struble
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Neurite Extension

scholarly journals 6B4 proteoglycan/phosphacan is a repulsive substratum but promotes morphological differentiation of cortical neurons

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-658
Author(s):  
N. Maeda ◽  
M. Noda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Thalamic Neurons ◽  
Neurite Extension ◽  
The Brain

6B4 proteoglycan/phosphacan is one of the major phosphate-buffered saline-soluble chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the brain. Recently, this molecule has been demonstrated to be an extracellular variant of the proteoglycan-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPzeta (RPTPbeta). The influence of the 6B4 proteoglycan, adsorbed onto the substratum, on cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth was studied using dissociated neurons from the cerebral cortex and thalamus. 6B4 proteoglycan adsorbed onto plastic tissue culture dishes did not support neuronal cell adhesion, but rather exerted repulsive effects on cortical and thalamic neurons. When neurons were densely seeded on patterned substrata consisting of a grid-like structure of alternating poly-L-lysine and 6B4 proteoglycan-coated poly-L-lysine domains, they were concentrated on the poly-L-lysine domains. However, 6B4 proteoglycan did not retard the differentiation of neurons but rather promoted neurite outgrowth and development of the dendrites of cortical neurons, when neurons were sparsely seeded on poly-L-lysine-conditioned coverslips continuously coated with 6B4 proteoglycan. This effect of 6B4 proteoglycan on the neurite extension of cortical neurons was apparent even on coverslips co-coated with fibronectin or tenascin. By contrast, the neurite extension of thalamic neurons was not modified by 6B4 proteoglycan. Chondroitinase ABC or keratanase digestion of 6B4 proteoglycan did not affect its neurite outgrowth promoting activity, but a polyclonal antibody against 6B4 proteoglycan completely suppressed this activity, suggesting that a protein moiety is responsible for the activity. 6B4 proteoglycan transiently promoted tyrosine phosphorylation of an 85x10(3) Mr protein in the cortical neurons, which correlated with the induction of neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that 6B4 proteoglycan/phosphacan modulates morphogenesis and differentiation of neurons dependent on its spatiotemporal distribution and the cell types in the brain.

Rosuvastatin improves neurite extension in cortical neurons through the Notch 1/BDNF pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiliang He ◽  
Xiaochao Tian ◽  
Bilin Yuan ◽  
Bao Chu ◽  
Fan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Notch 1 ◽  
Neurite Extension ◽  
Bdnf Pathway

O4-04-02 Apolipoprotein E promotes the degradation of deposited amyloid-β peptides by adult mouse astrocytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S80
Author(s):  
Milla Koistinaho ◽  
Suizhen Lin ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Michail Esterman ◽  
Jeffrey Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Amyloid Β

scholarly journals Administration of Downstream ApoE Attenuates the Adverse Effect of Brain ABCA1 Deficiency on Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Rongwen Li ◽  
Alex Zacharek ◽  
Julie Landschoot-Ward ◽  
Fengjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Ischemic Brain

The ATP-binding cassette transporter member A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are major cholesterol transporters that play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Previous research demonstrated that specific deletion of brain-ABCA1 (ABCA1−B/−B) reduced brain grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) density in the ischemic brain and decreased functional outcomes after stroke. However, the downstream molecular mechanism underlying brain ABCA1-deficiency-induced deficits after stroke is not fully understood. Adult male ABCA1−B/−B and ABCA1-floxed control mice were subjected to distal middle-cerebral artery occlusion and were intraventricularly infused with artificial mouse cerebrospinal fluid as vehicle control or recombinant human ApoE2 into the ischemic brain starting 24 h after stroke for 14 days. The ApoE/apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and GM/WM remodeling and functional outcome were measured. Although ApoE2 increased brain ApoE/HDL levels and GM/WM density, negligible functional improvement was observed in ABCA1-floxed-stroke mice. ApoE2-administered ABCA1−B/−B stroke mice exhibited elevated levels of brain ApoE/ApoER2/HDL, increased GM/WM density, and neurogenesis in both the ischemic ipsilateral and contralateral brain, as well as improved neurological function compared with the vehicle-control ABCA1−B/−B stroke mice 14 days after stroke. Ischemic lesion volume was not significantly different between the two groups. In vitro supplementation of ApoE2 into primary cortical neurons and primary oligodendrocyte-progenitor cells (OPCs) significantly increased ApoER2 expression and enhanced cholesterol uptake. ApoE2 promoted neurite outgrowth after oxygen-glucose deprivation and axonal outgrowth of neurons, and increased proliferation/survival of OPCs derived from ABCA1−B/−B mice. Our data indicate that administration of ApoE2 minimizes the adverse effects of ABCA1 deficiency after stroke, at least partially by promoting cholesterol traffic/redistribution and GM/WM remodeling via increasing the ApoE/HDL/ApoER2 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Layer-specific chromatin accessibility landscapes reveal regulatory networks in adult mouse visual cortex

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas T Gray ◽  
Zizhen Yao ◽  
Thuc Nghi Nguyen ◽  
Tae Kyung Kim ◽  
Hongkui Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Mouse Cortex ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

Mammalian cortex is a laminar structure, with each layer composed of a characteristic set of cell types with different morphological, electrophysiological, and connectional properties. Here, we define chromatin accessibility landscapes of major, layer-specific excitatory classes of neurons, and compare them to each other and to inhibitory cortical neurons using the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). We identify a large number of layer-specific accessible sites, and significant association with genes that are expressed in specific cortical layers. Integration of these data with layer-specific transcriptomic profiles and transcription factor binding motifs enabled us to construct a regulatory network revealing potential key layer-specific regulators, including Cux1/2, Foxp2, Nfia, Pou3f2, and Rorb. This dataset is a valuable resource for identifying candidate layer-specific cis-regulatory elements in adult mouse cortex.

Apolipoprotein E Is Localized to the Cytoplasm of Human Cortical Neurons: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seol-Heui Han ◽  
Gillian Einstein ◽  
Karl H. Weisgraber ◽  
Warren J. Strittmatter ◽  
Ann M. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Electron Microscopic

Neuronal maintenance and neurite extension of adult mouse neurones in non-neuronal cell-reduced cultures is dependent on substratum coating

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-561
Author(s):  
D.J. Orr ◽  
R.A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Neurite Extension ◽  
Fibroblast Line ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Neuronal Maintenance

Adult mouse DRG neurones have been maintained for 14 days in cultures where non-neuronal cell proliferation was inhibited by the inclusion of 5 × 10(−6) microM-cytosine arabinoside (AraC) in the medium from the onset of culture. On uncoated plastic neurone numbers significantly declined in the absence of non-neuronal cell outgrowth compared with uninhibited co-cultures. However, when neurones were maintained in the presence of AraC on certain coated surfaces this decrease in neurone numbers was not observed. Combinations of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM) proved most effective for 7 and 14 days in vitro, although either was beneficial if used separately. Microexudates produced by the fibroblast line, 3T6, also significantly improved neuronal counts for 14 days in vitro. However, a microexudate derived from primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes, although advantageous for 7 days in vitro, was not effective in maintaining neurones over the 14-day culture period, reminiscent of previous observations when synthetic cationic agents were used. Electrophoretic analysis of the fibroblast exudate indicated that fibronectin was present in the substrate-attached material generated by this cell line. The reduction in non-neuronal cell growth facilitated the monitoring of neuronal structural detail by scanning electron microscopy. Examination of neurite extension, indicative of neurone differentiation, was particularly improved. FN/LAM and the fibroblast-derived exudate increased nerve fibre growth, whilst the hepatocyte exudate had little effect on neurite regeneration, and polylysine had a detrimental effect. The data demonstrate that substrata can have a significant effect on maintenance and differentiation of adult neurones in primary culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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