scholarly journals Visceral Obesity and Plasma Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis: Contributions of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1931-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Cartier ◽  
Isabelle Lemieux ◽  
Natalie Alméras ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
Jean Bergeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationships of two inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, to visceral adiposity and indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis. Research Design and Methods: Plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in 189 untreated asymptomatic men (aged 43.7 ± 7.8 yr; body mass index 29.0 ± 4.3 kg/m2; waist girth 98.6 ± 10.3 cm). Results: Significant and positive associations were found between both cytokines with adiposity and adipose tissue distribution indices (0.15 ≤ r < 0.32; P < 0.05) as well as plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis variables (0.22 ≤ r < 0.28; P <0.05). Comparison of two subgroups, each composed of 32 overweight men (≥25 kg/m2) with similar body mass index values (28.7 kg/m2 in both groups) but with markedly different levels of visceral adipose tissue (< vs. ≥ 130 cm2), revealed significant differences only for IL-6 levels (1.42 ± 1.15 vs. 0.86 ± 0.52 pg/ml; P < 0.02 for men with high vs. low visceral adipose tissue, respectively). Finally, when subjects were stratified on the basis of their respective concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α (using the 50th percentile of their overall distribution), an ANOVA revealed an independent contribution of IL-6 to the variation of fasting insulin (P < 0.01) and each of these two cytokines to the variation of insulin levels measured after a 75-g oral glucose challenge (P <0.01 for IL-6 and P < 0.05 for TNF-α). Conclusions: Because IL-6 appeared to be clearly associated with visceral adiposity, TNF-α rather showed associations with indices of total body fatness. Thus, TNF-α may contribute to the insulin resistance of overall obesity, whereas IL-6 may be one of the mediators of the hyperinsulinemic state specifically related to excess visceral adiposity.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Promotes Adiposity But Improves Associated Metabolic Derangements In An Obese Rat Model

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Mohamed ◽  
A A Seif ◽  
M S Abdelhamid ◽  
R S A Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background Obesity is a worldwide problem and is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. The relation between obesity and vitamin D is not completely understood. Obesity is associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Some studies claim that vitamin D may reduce lipogenesis and others claim that vitamin D can promote adipogenesis. Aim of the study This study was planned to evaluate the effect of alteration in vitamin D level on body weight and adipose tissue metabolism in an obese rat model. Methods 32 Female Albino-rats were randomly allocated into: control group (C, n = 8), fed on control diet containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, and a high caloric diet group (HCD, n = 32). The HCD group was further subdivided into 3 groups according to the vitamin D dose into: standard vitamin D dose group (HCD+SVD) containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, low vitamin D dose group (HCD+LVD) containing 25 IU vitamin D/kg diet and high vitamin D dose group (HCD+HVD) containing 5169 IU vitamin D/kg diet. Body mass index, serum vitamin D, glucose, lipid profile, TNF-α and adipose tissue UCP-1 were measured. Different fat depots were weighed and histopathologically assessed. Results HCD+HVD group showed a significant increase in the final body mass index and in the different fat depot weights compared to all groups. Compared to the HCD+SVD group, the HCD+HVD group showed significantly lower serum total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, while it showed a non-significant change in serum glucose, TNF-α and visceral adipose tissue UCP-1. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and visceral adipose tissue UCP-1. HCD+LVD showed the highest visceral adipose tissue UCP-1 compared to all groups. Conclusion Vitamin D promoted adiposity and decreased visceral adipose tissue UCP-1 but improved the associated derangements in lipid profile.

scholarly journals LBA17 DONOR VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE BETTER PREDICTOR OF LONG-TERM RENAL FUNCTION DECLINE THAN BODY MASS INDEX

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Stern ◽  
Sherif Armanyous ◽  
Erick Remer ◽  
Ryan Ward ◽  
Joshua Augustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Renal Function Decline ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals What Are the Physical Characteristics Associated with a Normal Metabolic Profile Despite a High Level of Obesity in Postmenopausal Women?1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brochu ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne ◽  
Cynthia K. Sites ◽  
Georgia H. Eltabbakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Although obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and a cluster of metabolic disturbances, the existence of a subgroup of healthy but obese individuals has been postulated. It is unclear why some obese individuals fail to show traditional risk factors associated with the insulin resistance syndrome despite having a very high accumulation of body fat. To address this issue, we identified and studied a subgroup of metabolically normal but obese (MNO) postmenopausal women to gain insight into potential physiological factors that may protect them against the development of obesity-related comorbidities. We carefully examined the metabolic characteristics of 43 obese, sedentary postmenopausal women (mean ± sd, 58.0± 6.0 yr). Subjects were classified as MNO or as metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) based on an accepted cut-point for insulin sensitivity (measured by the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp technique). Thereafter, we determined 1) body composition (fat mass and lean body mass), 2) body fat distribution (abdominal visceral and sc adipose tissue areas, midthigh sc adipose tissue and muscle attenuation), 3) plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, 4) plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, 5) resting blood pressure, 6) peak oxygen consumption, 7) physical activity energy expenditure, and 8) age-related onset of obesity with a questionnaire as potential modulators of differences in the risk profile. We identified 17 MNO subjects who displayed high insulin sensitivity (11.2 ± 2.6 mg/min·kg lean body mass) and 26 MAO subjects with lower insulin sensitivity (5.7 ± 1.1 mg/min·kg lean body mass). Despite comparable total body fatness between groups (45.2 ± 5.3% vs. 44.8 ± 6.6%; P = NS), MNO individuals had 49% less visceral adipose tissue than MAO subjects (141 ± 53 vs. 211 ± 85 cm2; P < 0.01). No difference was noted between groups for abdominal sc adipose tissue (453 ± 126 vs. 442 ± 144 cm2; P = NS), total fat mass (38.1 ± 10.6 vs. 40.0 ± 11.8 kg), muscle attenuation (42.2± 2.6 vs. 43.6 ± 4.8 Houndsfield units), and physical activity energy expenditure (1060 ± 323 vs. 1045 ± 331 Cal/day). MNO subjects had lower fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and lower insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (P values ranging between 0.01–0.001). No difference was observed between groups for 2-h glucose levels and glucose area during the oral glucose tolerance test. MNO subjects showed lower plasma triglycerides and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than MAO individuals (P < 0.01 in both cases). Results from the questionnaire indicated that 48% of the MNO women presented an early onset of obesity (<20 yr old) compared with 29% of the MAO subjects (P = 0.09). Stepwise regression analysis showed that visceral adipose tissue and the age-related onset of obesity explained 22% and 13%, respectively, of the variance observed in insulin sensitivity (total r2 = 0.35; P < 0.05 in both cases). Our results support the existence of a subgroup of obese but metabolically normal postmenopausal women who display high levels of insulin sensitivity despite having a high accumulation of body fat. This metabolically normal profile is associated with a lower accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and an earlier age-related onset of obesity.

Circulating 5α-dihydrotestosterone, abdominal obesity and adipocyte characteristics in women

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Côté ◽  
Julie Lessard ◽  
Jacques Mailloux ◽  
Philippe Laberge ◽  
Caroline Rhéaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Androgen Levels

AbstractThe association between circulating androgen levels and fat distribution in women has been widely inconsistent among existing studies.We sought to investigate the relation between plasma adrenal and gonadal androgen levels and body fat distribution, as well as abdominal adipocyte characteristics.Paired omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were surgically obtained from 60 women (age, 47±5 years; body mass index, 26±5 kg/mSignificant negative associations were found between plasma dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels and total adiposity (body mass index, r=–0.35, p<0.05; fat mass, r=–0.31, p<0.05) as well as computed tomography assessments of abdominal adiposity (r=–0.30, p<0.05 and r=–0.44, p<0.005 for subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue area, respectively). The association between DHT levels and visceral adipose tissue area was independent of total body fat mass. A significant negative association was also observed between plasma DHT and omental adipocyte diameter (r=–0.27, p<0.05). When expressed as the omental/subcutaneous ratio, heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity was negatively and significantly related to plasma DHT, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels.Abdominally obese women with large, metabolically active omental adipocytes appear to be characterized by reduced endogenous levels of DHT. The assumption that high androgen levels are associated with an android body fat distribution pattern in women should be critically re-examined.

scholarly journals Correlation of Body Mass Index, Skeletal Muscle, Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
NORBERT CSABA LUKÁCS
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Obesity is one of the 21st century major health challenges. Adipose tissue is distributed in different proportions in the human body depending on where it is located in the body. The purpose of the research. This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in case of first year students of Partium Christian University from Oradea. Subjects and methods. The research included a sample group of 112 students. The analysis of the body composition was performed using the method of bioelectrical impedance. Results. The registered data reveal that 23% of the subjects were overweight or obese and 15% had a low percentage of skeletal muscle. Conclusions. In case of both genders there is a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Visceral Adipose Tissue was Associated with Increased Risk of Insulin Resistance in Lean Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Independent with Retinol Binding Protein-4

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Vita Silvana ◽  
Andon Hestiantoro ◽  
Muharam Natadisastra ◽  
Kanadi Sumapraja ◽  
Budi Wiweko
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4 ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objective: To determine whether visceral adipose tissue or serum RBP-4 were related with the risk increment of insulin resistance in normal BMI PCOS patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in normal body mass index PCOS patients at Yasmin Clinic, RSCM, Jakarta from July 2014 until March 2015. Diagnosis of PCOS was established using Rotterrdam (2003) criteria. Insulin resistance was confirmed by using ratio of HOMA-IR >1.4. Results: Among 40 subjects, 20 subjects (50%) belong insulin resistance group. Serum RBP-4 level was higher in insulin resistance group (p=0.06). After ROC analysis was conducted, area under curve for of serum RBP-4 was 69.9% (CI 95% -3754.77 - (186.60-7696.14, p=0.061)). Cut-off level of serum RBP-4 was 23814.5 ng/mL yielded sensitivity and specificity to a level of 60% and 60%, respectively. After logistic regression were analyzed, visceral adipose tissue demonstrated substantial association with the risk increment of insulin resistance in normal BMI PCOS patients. Conclusions: Visceral adipose tissue demonstrated substantial association with the risk increment of insulin resistance in normal BMI PCOS patients, independent with serum RBP-4 levels. Key words: body mass index, diagnosis, insulin resistance, PCOS, retinol binding protein-4   Abstrak Tujuan: Untuk menentukan apakah jaringan adiposa viseral atau serum RBP-4 berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko resistensi insulin pada Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik dengan indeks masa tubuh normal. Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada subjek SOPK dengan IMT normal di Klinik Yasmin, RSCM, Jakarta sejak Juli 2014 sampai dengan Maret 2015. Penegakan diagnosis SOPK dilakukan dengan kriteria Rotterdam (2003). Resistensi insulin dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan rasio HOMA-IR > 1.4 Hasil: Diantara 40 subjek, sebanyak 20 subjek (50%) mengalami resistensi insulin. Kadar serum RBP-4 lebih tinggi pada kelompok resistensi insulin (p=0.06). Setelah dilakukan analisis Receiver Operating Curve (ROC), serum RBP-4 memiliki Area Under the Curve  (AUC) sebesar 69.9% (IK 95% -3754.77 - (186.60-7696.14, p=0,061)). Titik potong kadar serum RBP-4 adalah 23814.5 ng/mL dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas masing-masing 60% dan 60%. Setelah dilakukan analisis regresi logistik, jaringan adiposa viseral menunjukan asosiasi yang kuat dengan terjadinya resistensi insulin pada pasien SOPK dengan IMT normal. Kesimpulan: Jaringan adiposa viseral menunjukan asosiasi yang kuat dengan terjadinya resistensi insulin pada SOPK dengan IMT normal, independen terhadap kadar serum RBP-4. Kata kunci: diagnosis, indeks masa tubuh, resistensi insulin, retinol binding protein-4, SOPK

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