A Functional Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Follicle Number and Androgen Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of women in the childbearing period. However, its pathophysiology is still unclear. Certain polymorphisms of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) genes may lead to changes in the bioactivity of this hormone. The important functional role of LHCGR in the metabolism of androgen and ovulation, the LHCGR gene variant, may be related to the risk of PCOS. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between LHCGR Ins18LQ gene polymorphism and PCOS. METHODS: A case–control study was performed in women with PCOS and non-PCOS from May 2019 to October 2019 in HFC IVF Center. We included 50 women with PCOS and 50 healthy controls. Polymorphism of the LHCGR (ins18LQ) gene was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: From this study, we found that there was no significant difference in the proportion of ages between the groups (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in the characteristics of body mass index, FSH level, LH level, and LH/FSH ratio between the PCOS and control groups (p < 0.05). We also found that the proportion of heterozygote variant non-ins/ins was higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference between the polymorphisms of the non-ins and non-nonins variants between the PCOS and control groups (p = 0.269). The frequency of ins alleles was higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant association between LHCGR ins18LQ gene polymorphism and PCOS.

Download Full-text

Metformin reduces pregnancy complications without affecting androgen levels in pregnant polycystic ovary syndrome women: results of a randomized study

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deh347 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1734-1740 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

E. Vanky

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Androgen Levels

Download Full-text

Androgen excess increases food intake in a rat polycystic ovary syndrome model by down-regulating hypothalamus insulin and leptin signaling pathways preceding weight gain

Neuroendocrinology ◽

10.1159/000521236 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Liu ◽

Yu-chen Xu ◽

Yu-gui Cui ◽

Shi-wen Jiang ◽

Fei-yang Diao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Androgen Excess ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Leptin Signaling ◽

Leptin Sensitivity ◽

Androgen Levels ◽

Restricted Food Intake

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder characterized by high androgen levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperandrogenism on the hypothalamus, and subsequently on the food intake and obesity in females. Methods A dihydroxy testosterone (DHT)-induced rat model was established to recapitulate the hyperandrogenism features of PCOS patients. Body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded. The food intake of DHT-induced rats was restricted by pair feeding to exclude possible effects of weight gain on the hypothalamus. The expression levels of relevant proteins and mRNAs in the hypothalamus, primary hypothalamic neurons exposed to DHT were analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. The leptin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured, and leptin was injected via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route to test the leptin sensitivity of hypothalamus. Results The excessive pre-puberty androgen levels in the DHT-induced rats markedly elevated food intake prior to weight gain. Consistent with this, the expression of NPY and Agouti-related peptide (Agrp) mRNAs were up-regulated, which occurred prior to obesity and even with restricted food intake. In addition, the hypothalamic sensitivity to insulin and leptin was also impaired in the DHT-induced rats before obesity and with restricted food intake. DHT significantly reduced the leptin levels in the CSF, and ICV injection of leptin inhibited the DHT-induced increase in food intake. Conclusions Androgen excess increased food intake in rats and promoted obesity by down-regulating insulin and leptin signaling in the hypothalamus, most likely by suppressing leptin levels in the CSF.

Download Full-text

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise on Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5020035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Grei Shele ◽

Jessica Genkil ◽

Diana Speelman

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

The Impact ◽

Androgen Levels

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. The etiology of PCOS is unknown. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss, where appropriate, remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. Regular physical activity is recommended for women with PCOS to maintain a healthy weight and cardiovascular fitness. Purpose: To review the evidence for the impact of various exercise interventions on hormone levels in women with PCOS. Methods: A systematic review of original studies indexed in PubMed that utilized an exercise intervention in women with PCOS and reported hormone values pre- and post-intervention. Studies in which the effects of the exercise intervention could be determined were included. Results: Vigorous aerobic exercise improves insulin measures in women with PCOS. Resistance or strength training may improve androgen levels, though additional studies are warranted. Studies with yoga are limited but suggest improvements in androgens. Limited information is available on the impact of exercise on adipokines and anti-Müllerian hormone, warranting further investigation. Conclusions: Recommended guidelines for women with PCOS include vigorous aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve measures of insulin sensitivity and androgen levels.

Download Full-text

Androgen levels and metabolic parameters are associated with a genetic variant of F13A1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Gene ◽

10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.050 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 504 (1) ◽

pp. 133-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. Schweighofer ◽

E. Lerchbaum ◽

O. Trummer ◽

V. Schwetz ◽

S. Pilz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Genetic Variant ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Androgen Levels

Download Full-text

Changes in HbA 1c and circulating and adipose tissue androgen levels in overweight‐obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome in response to electroacupuncture

Obesity Science & Practice ◽

10.1002/osp4.78 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 426-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Stener‐Victorin ◽

M. Maliqueo ◽

M. Soligo ◽

V. Protto ◽

L. Manni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Obese Women ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Androgen Levels

Download Full-text

Infants of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have Lower Cord Blood Androstenedione and Estradiol Levels

Endocrine Reviews ◽

10.1210/edrv.31.2.9981 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 255-256

Author(s):

Helen Anderson ◽

Naomi Fogel ◽

Stefan K. Grebe ◽

Ravinder J. Singh ◽

Robert L. Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽

Androgen Levels

ABSTRACT Context Prenatal androgen excess can cause a phenocopy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mammals. Retrospective studies have suggested that girls at risk for PCOS have low birth weight and prospective studies have suggested an increased prevalence of small for gestational age offspring in women with PCOS. Objective To determine whether infants of women with PCOS have reduced birth weight or increased intrauterine androgen levels. Design Prospective case-control study. Participants Thirty-nine PCOS and 31 control women and their infants. Main outcome measures Birth weight and mixed cord blood testosterone, androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol (E2), and dihydrotestosterone levels. Results Mean birth weight did not differ but there was a significant increase in the prevalence of large for gestational age infants in the PCOS group. Cord blood E2 and A levels were lower (p < 0.05) but testosterone:E2 ratios did not differ in female PCOS compared to control offspring. There was no difference in E2 and A levels in the male PCOS and control offspring. There was no difference in 17-hydroxyprogesterone or in other androgen levels in either male or female PCOS offspring compared to their respective control group. Conclusion Infants of women with PCOS were more likely to be large for gestational age. Female offspring of affected women have lower cord blood A levels; other cord blood androgen levels do not differ compared to female control offspring. Cord blood E2 levels are also significantly decreased in PCOS, without any difference in the testosterone:E2 ratio, suggesting decreased fetal or placental production of steroids.

Download Full-text