scholarly journals L-Leucine Supplementation for Preserving Lean Mass During Low Calorie Diet in Sarcopenic Obese Women: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A19-A19
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Camajani ◽  
Agnese Persichetti ◽  
Savina Contini ◽  
Carla Lubrano ◽  
Massimiliano Caprio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

Abstract Background: In sarcopenic obese subjects it is essential to reduce body weight and to preserve lean mass, in order to avoid a worsening of muscle function (1). Several studies have shown that leucine supplementation can be useful to improve skeletal muscle mass in sarcopenic patients (2). Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term low calorie diet (LCD) combined with combined supplementation with whey protein, leucine and vitamin D on weight loss, lean mass and muscle strength in sarcopenic, obese, hyperinsulinemic and menopause women. Materials and methods: 16 female with mean age: 58.1 years (range: 47–69 years), BMI 37.6 Kg/m2 (range: 31,7 - 44,1 Kg/m2), HOMA-index ≥ 2.5, were assigned to an LCD regimen (1000 kcal/day) with supplementation of 18 g protein, 4 g leucine and 5 mcg vitamin D for 45 days. Anthropometric indexes, blood and urine chemistry, body composition by DEXA, muscle strength by handgrip test and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment. Results: A significant reduction of BMI (35,7 vs 37,6 Kg/m2), waist circumference (102,4 vs 107 cm), HOMA index (2,3 vs 4,8) and fasting insulin (10,4 vs 17,4 μIU/ml) was observed in all patients. Women preserved total lean body mass (57 vs 55 %) and improved significantly muscle strength, as measured by handgrip (22,2 vs 18,6 Kg) and SPPB (8,9 vs 7,5). Conclusion: We conclude that LCD with adequate protein intake and a supplementation with whey protein, leucine and vitamin D should be promoted to maintain muscle mass and improve muscle strength in menopause women with sarcopenic obesity. References: 1. Batsis JA, Villareal DT. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Sep;14(9):513–5372. Bauer JM, Verlaan S, Bautmans I, Brandt K, Donini LM, Maggio M, McMurdo ME, Mets T, Seal C, Wijers SL, Ceda GP, De Vito G, Donders G, Drey M, Greig C, Holmbäck U, Narici M, McPhee J, Poggiogalle E, Power D, Scafoglieri A, Schultz R, Sieber CC, Cederholm T. Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the PROVIDE study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015 Sep 1;16(9)

Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110606
Author(s):  
Tamy Colonetti ◽  
Antônio Jose Grande ◽  
Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽  
Lisiane Tuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

scholarly journals Preservation of Lean Mass upon Combined Lifestyle Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes During 6-Months Follow-Up After RCT (PROBE Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
Robert Memelink ◽  
Anke Bongers ◽  
Wilrike Pasman ◽  
Mariëtte van Rijmenam ◽  
Suzan Wopereis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Lean Mass

Abstract Objectives Weight loss is a key element in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also a risk factor for lean mass (LM) loss in older adults. We evaluated whether a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D preserved LM during 3-month lifestyle intervention and whether effects sustained during 6 months follow-up after intervention (FU). Methods 123 older adults (66 ± 6 y) with obesity (BMI 34 ± 4 kg/m2) and T2D participated in a 3-month lifestyle intervention with dietary advice (−600 kcal/d) and resistance exercise (3×/wk). In this double-blind RCT (PROBE) subjects were randomised to receive 10×/wk a test (21 g protein) or isocaloric control (0 g protein) drink. LM, appendicular muscle mass (AMM), leg muscle mass (LMM), and fat mass (FM) were assessed with DXA. Mixed linear model analysis was used with baseline value in the outcome vector and adjustment for stratification factors sex and SU-derivate use. Data represent EMM ± SE (within group) or 95% CI (between groups). Results 105 subjects completed intervention and 76 subjects participated in FU. At 3 months, body weight (−2.2 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, test; −2.9 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, control) and FM (−2.6 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, test; −2.5 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, control) were reduced without differences between groups. LM and AMM were increased in test (+0.57 ± 0.27 kg, P = 0.03; +0.39 ± 0.13 kg, P < 0.01) and unchanged in control (−0.35 ± 0.26 kg, P = 0.18; +0.03 ± 0.12 kg, P = 0.80), with significant difference between groups (+0.92 kg, 95% CI 0.19–1.65, P = 0.015; +0.36 kg, 95% CI 0.01–0.71, P = 0.047). At FU (without test or control drink), the difference in LM and AMM between groups had disappeared while both groups still had significantly improved body composition compared to baseline, as reflected by decreased FM (−2.4 ± 0.4 kg, < 0.001, test; −2.6 ± 0.4 kg, < 0.001, control) and increased or preserved LM (+0.88 ± 0.32 kg, 0.007; +0.54 ± 0.32 kg, 0.09) and AMM (+0.46 ± 0.15 kg, 0.002; +0.31 ± 0.15 kg, 0.03). Conclusions Use of a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D during a combined lifestyle intervention showed beneficial effects on lean mass in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Preservation of lean mass was sustained after 6 months follow-up, without differences between treatment groups. Funding Sources Grant: Topsector Agri & Food, The Netherlands. Financial support for study conduct: Danone Nutricia Research.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Reduces the Muscle Anabolic Effect of Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 529-529
Author(s):  
Amanda Randolph ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Adetutu Odejimi ◽  
Blake Rasmussen ◽  
Elena Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the incidence and increases the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. This suggests an urgent need for identifying effective sarcopenia treatments for older adults with T2DM. It is unknown whether traditional approaches, such as progressive resistance exercise training (PRET), can effectively counteract sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. To test the efficacy of PRET for the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, 30 subjects (15 T2DM and 15 age- and sex- matched controls) underwent metabolic testing with muscle biopsies before and after a 13-week full-body PRET program. Primary outcome measures included changes in appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). Before PRET, BMI-adjusted appendicular lean mass was significantly lower in the T2DM group (0.7095±0.0381 versus 0.8151±0.0439, p<0.0001). As a result of PRET, appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI and muscle strength increased significantly in both groups, but to a lesser extent for the T2DM group (p=0.0009) . Preliminary results for FSR (n=25) indicate that subjects with T2DM had lower basal FSR prior to PRET (p=0.0197) . Basal FSR increased significantly in the control group after PRET (p=0.0196), while it did not change in the T2DM group (p=0.3537). These results suggest that in older adults the positive effect of PRET on muscle anabolism and strength is reduced by T2DM . Thus, older adults with T2DM may require more intensive, multimodal and targeted sarcopenia treatment. Funded by NIH R01AG049611 and P30AG024832.

scholarly journals Effects of Milk Protein in Resistance Training-Induced Lean Mass Gains for Older Adults Aged ≥ 60 y: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
Ling-Pi Huang ◽  
Giancarlo Condello ◽  
Chia-Hua Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

This review evaluated the effects of milk-based protein supplementation on resistance training (RT)-induced gains in lean body mass or fat free mass (LBM/FFM) and muscle strength for older adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost/SPORTDiscus was conducted. Eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials comparing all types of milk-based protein supplements with control supplements for the training older adults at mean age ≥ 60 y. Twenty studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, whilst seventeen studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. A dose of 10–15 g of milk protein supplementation was sufficient to augment RT-induced LBM/FFM. Intriguingly, four out of five studies show negative effect of whey protein supplementation at the same dose range (or even higher) compared with control supplementation (−0.49 kg, 95% CI: −0.69, −0.29, I2 = 14%, Z = 4.82, p < 0.001). For milk-based protein supplementation, RT-induced improvements in muscle strength were observed only when the protein doses ≥22 g (+0.66 kg, 95% CI: 0.07, 1.25, I2 = 0%, Z = 2.18, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Milk protein is superior to whey protein in enhancing RT-induced LBM/FFM gains for older adults. Optimal daily protein intake can dilute the protein supplementation effect.

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