scholarly journals Trends in the Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Predictors of Hepatic Steatosis: Data From NHANES III and NHANES 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A31-A31
Author(s):  
Magda Shaheen ◽  
Deyu Pan ◽  
Katrina Schrode ◽  
Dulcie Kermah ◽  
Sonia Michael Najjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethnic Disparity ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Hepatic steatosis is a serious problem worldwide and it affects Hispanics at a higher rate than Blacks. This disparity is an important public health problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend in the racial/ethnic disparity of hepatic steatosis among a representative sample of the U.S. adult ≥20 years old in two time-periods. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and NHANES 2017–2018 were analyzed. The sample size in the two respective cycles was 13,910 and 5,492 respectively. Hepatic steatosis in NHANES III was diagnosed using ultrasound while in NHANES 2017–2018, fibroscan was used. We analyzed the data using bivariate Chi square, and multiple logistic regression to adjusting for confounding variables and considering the design and sample weights. In both time-periods, Mexican American had the highest prevalence of hepatic steatosis (28% in NHANES III and 43% in NHANES 2017–2018) compared to the other racial/ethnic groups (p<0.05). In the adjusted logistic regression model, relative to the white population, Mexican-Americans had 40% higher odds of hepatic steatosis in NHANES III (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.4, 95% confidence level [CL]=1.1–1.9, p<0.05) and 200% higher odds of hepatic steatosis in NHANES 2017–2018 (AOR=2.0, 95% CL=1.3–3.1, p<0.05). The common predictors of hepatic steatosis in the two time periods were gender, high waist-to-hip ratio, borderline and high levels of triglyceride, and prediabetes and diabetes as diagnosed by HbA1c (p<0.05). For CRP, independent of the method used, mild and significant inflammation were predictors of hepatic steatosis (p<0.05). In NHANES 2017–2018, participants ≥ 65 years (compared to 20–34 years of age) and Blacks (relative to Whites) had a lower chance of hepatic steatosis in the adjusted regression model (p<0.05), and those inactive (relative to those who met the physical activity guideline) had a higher chance of hepatic steatosis (p<0.05). The increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis in 2017–2018 compared to 1988–1994, may be related to the obesity epidemic, although differences in methodological factors may also play a role. Our study indicated that the racial/ethnic disparity in hepatic steatosis especially among Mexican American persisted over time. Future work is needed to explore the persistence of the racial/ethnic disparity of hepatic steatosis and its underlying mechanisms.

Prevalence and Trends in Periodontitis in the USA: from the NHANES III to the NHANES, 1988 to 2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Borrell ◽  
B.A. Burt ◽  
G.W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Trends in periodontal diseases in the USA have been documented for years. However, the results have been mixed, mostly due to different periodontal assessment protocols. This study examined change in the prevalence of periodontitis between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000, and differences in the prevalence of periodontitis among racial/ethnic groups in the USA. Analysis was limited to non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American adults aged 18+ yrs in the NHANES III (n = 12,088) or the NHANES 1999–2000 (n = 3214). The prevalences of periodontitis for the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 were 7.3% and 4.2%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, blacks were 1.88 times (95%CI: 1.42, 2.50) more likely to have periodontitis than whites surveyed in the NHANES III. However, the odds of periodontitis for blacks and Mexican-Americans did not differ from those for whites surveyed in the NHANES 1999–2000. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of periodontitis has decreased between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 for all racial/ethnic groups in the USA.

scholarly journals Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽  
Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

scholarly journals Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in overweight self-perception among US adults, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2115-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A Langellier ◽  
Deborah Glik ◽  
Alexander N Ortega ◽  
Michael L Prelip
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
White Women ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractObjectiveWeight self-perceptions, or how a person perceives his/her weight status, may affect weight outcomes. We use nationally representative data from 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 to examine racial/ethnic disparities in weight self-perceptions and understand how disparities have changed over time.DesignUsing data from two time periods, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008, we calculated descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression models and predicted probabilities to examine trends in weight self-perceptions among Whites, Blacks, US-born Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants to the USA.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (1999–2008).SubjectsAdult NHANES participants aged 18 years and older (n 37 050).ResultsThe likelihood of self-classifying as overweight declined between 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 among all US adults, despite significant increases in mean BMI and overweight prevalence. Trends in weight self-perceptions varied by gender and between racial/ethnic groups. Whites in both time periods were more likely than racial/ethnic minorities to perceive themselves as overweight. After adjustment for other factors, disparities in weight self-perceptions between Whites and Blacks of both genders grew between survey periods (P<0·05), but differences between overweight White women and Mexican immigrants decreased (P<0·05).ConclusionsWeight self-perceptions have changed during the obesity epidemic in the USA, but changes have not been consistent across racial/ethnic groups. Secular declines in the likelihood of self-classifying as overweight, particularly among Blacks, are troubling because weight self-perceptions may affect weight-loss efforts and obesity outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽  
Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66).Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

Counterfeit Social Capital and Mexican-American Underachievement

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Ream
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Social Implication ◽  
Racial Ethnic

A critical issue facing U.S. schools and one with broad social implication is the persistent disparity in educational achievement between racial/ethnic groups. The achievement gap may be particularly pronounced for Mexican-Americans who constitute the vast majority of U.S. Latinos and are among the most educationally at risk of all Latino subgroups. By employing mixed-methods research techniques, this study shows that social network instability accompanying high mobility rates may contribute to Mexican-American underachievement. Moreover, this investigation challenges wholly beneficial and ecumenical notions of social capital. Mexican-origin youth in possession of what on the surface appears to be a valued form of social currency may actually be the unwitting recipients of a form of counterfeit social capital that impinges on their school success. Efforts to reduce unnecessary and reactive student mobility and increase the stock of beneficial forms of social capital (while rooting out its impostors) may deserve policy consideration.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in the Association Between Race/Ethnicity and NAFLD Among US Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Shaheen ◽  
Katrina M. Schrode ◽  
Deyu Pan ◽  
Dulcie Kermah ◽  
Vishwajeet Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Us ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is spreading worldwide, with a racial/ethnic disparity. We examined the gender role in the racial/ethnic difference in NAFLD in the US population. We analyzed data for 3,292 individuals ≥18 years old from NHANES 2017–2018, a representative sample of the non-institutionalized adult population in the US. Exclusions were subjects with elevated transferrin level, chronic hepatitis B or C, excessive alcohol use, or prescription medications that might cause hepatic steatosis. NAFLD was diagnosed by FibroScan® using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values: S0 &lt;238, S1 = 238–259, S2 = 260–290, S3 &gt;290. Data were analyzed using Chi square and multinomial regression. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 47.9% [S2 = 16.1%, and S3 = 31.8%]. The prevalence of S3 was highest among Mexican Americans (46%), lowest among Blacks (22.7%), 29.9% in other Hispanics and 32.1% in Whites (p &lt; 0.05). It was higher among Mexican American males (54.1%) compared to Mexican American females (37.7%) (p &lt; 0.05). In the adjusted model, Mexican Americans were two times more likely than Whites to have S2 and S3 (p &lt; 0.05). Only male Mexican Americans had higher odds of S2 and S3 relative to male White (p &lt; 0.05). Males had higher odds of S3 relative to non-menopausal females (p &lt; 0.05). There was no difference in the odds of S2 or S3 NAFLD among the menopausal females with or without hormone therapy relative to non-menopausal females (p &gt; 0.05). While Mexican Americans had the highest prevalence of severe NAFLD relative to the other racial/ethnic groups, only male Mexican Americans, but not females, had higher likelihood of both moderate and severe NAFLD relative to Whites. Interventions that specifically target Mexican American males are needed to increase awareness about NAFLD and its prevention.

1488-P: Closing the Racial/Ethnic Disparity Gap in Kidney Failure from Diabetes in the United States, 2000-2016

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1488-P
Author(s):  
NILKA RIOS BURROWS ◽  
YAN ZHANG ◽  
ISRAEL A. HORA ◽  
MEDA E. PAVKOV ◽  
GIUSEPPINA IMPERATORE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Disparity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Regression model of assessment of customer solvency and banking risks in the process of lending

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Zoryna Yurynets ◽  
Rostyslav Yurynets ◽  
Nataliya Kunanets ◽  
Ivanna Myshchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Loan Risk

In the current conditions of economic development, it is important to pay attention to the study of the main types of risks, effective methods of evaluation, monitoring, analysis of banking risks. One of the main approaches to quantitatively assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers is credit scoring. The objective of credit scoring is to optimize management decisions regarding the possibility of providing bank loans. In the article, the scientific and methodological provisions concerning the formation of a regression model for assessing bank risks in the process of granting loans to borrowers has been proposed. The proposed model is based on the use of logistic regression tools, discriminant analysis with the use of expert evaluation. During the formation of a regression model, the relationship between risk factors and probable magnitude of loan risk has been established. In the course of calculations, the coefficient of the individual's solvency has been calculated. Direct computer data preparation, including the calculation of the indicators selected in the process of discriminant analysis, has been carried out in the Excel package environment, followed by their import into the STATISTICA package for analysis in the “Logistic regression” sub-module of the “Nonlinear evaluation” module. The adequacy of the constructed model has been determined using the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index. The calculated value of the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index indicates the adequacy of the constructed model. The ability to issue loans to new clients has been evaluated using a regression model. The conducted calculations show the possibility of granting a loan exclusively to the second and third clients. The offered method allows to conduct assessment of client's solvency and risk prevention at different stages of lending, facilitates the possibility to independently make informed decisions on credit servicing of clients and management of a loan portfolio, optimization of management decisions in banks. In order for a loan-based model to continue to perform its functions, it must be periodically adjusted.

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