scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in the Association Between Race/Ethnicity and NAFLD Among US Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Shaheen ◽  
Katrina M. Schrode ◽  
Deyu Pan ◽  
Dulcie Kermah ◽  
Vishwajeet Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Us ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is spreading worldwide, with a racial/ethnic disparity. We examined the gender role in the racial/ethnic difference in NAFLD in the US population. We analyzed data for 3,292 individuals ≥18 years old from NHANES 2017–2018, a representative sample of the non-institutionalized adult population in the US. Exclusions were subjects with elevated transferrin level, chronic hepatitis B or C, excessive alcohol use, or prescription medications that might cause hepatic steatosis. NAFLD was diagnosed by FibroScan® using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values: S0 <238, S1 = 238–259, S2 = 260–290, S3 >290. Data were analyzed using Chi square and multinomial regression. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 47.9% [S2 = 16.1%, and S3 = 31.8%]. The prevalence of S3 was highest among Mexican Americans (46%), lowest among Blacks (22.7%), 29.9% in other Hispanics and 32.1% in Whites (p < 0.05). It was higher among Mexican American males (54.1%) compared to Mexican American females (37.7%) (p < 0.05). In the adjusted model, Mexican Americans were two times more likely than Whites to have S2 and S3 (p < 0.05). Only male Mexican Americans had higher odds of S2 and S3 relative to male White (p < 0.05). Males had higher odds of S3 relative to non-menopausal females (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the odds of S2 or S3 NAFLD among the menopausal females with or without hormone therapy relative to non-menopausal females (p > 0.05). While Mexican Americans had the highest prevalence of severe NAFLD relative to the other racial/ethnic groups, only male Mexican Americans, but not females, had higher likelihood of both moderate and severe NAFLD relative to Whites. Interventions that specifically target Mexican American males are needed to increase awareness about NAFLD and its prevention.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio Is a Better Predictor of Cancer Mortality Compared with C-Reactive Protein: Results from Two Multi-Ethnic US Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Niki Katsiki ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis ◽  
Dina Radenkovic ◽  
Daniel Pella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Model

Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding the link between apolipoproteins and cancer mortality. By using two nationally representative samples of US adults, we prospectively evaluated the associations between apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels and apoB/apoA-I ratio with cancer mortality. We also examined the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in these associations. Materials and Methods: Adults aged ≥20 years, enrolled in the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (2005–2010), and followed up to 31 December 2011, were included in the analysis. Multiple Cox regressions were applied to evaluate the associations between the variables of interest and cancer mortality. Results: Overall, 7695 participants were included (mean age: 49.2 years; 50.4% men, median follow-up: 19.1 years). In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of apoB/apoA-I had a significantly greater risk for cancer mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–1.93) compared with those in the first quartile (Q1). In the same model, a positive and significant association between apoB levels and cancer mortality was observed for individuals in Q3 (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.09–1.16) and Q4 (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09–1.25) compared with those in Q1. When CRP levels were added in the analysis, the apoB/apoA-I ratio, but not apoB levels, remained significantly related to cancer mortality (Q4 = HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09–1.25). In contrast, CRP levels were not able to predict cancer death after correction for apoB/apoA-I ratio. Conclusions: In a large representative sample of the US adult population, the apoB/apoA-I ratio and apoB levels significantly predicted cancer mortality, independently of several cardiometabolic risk factors. The predictive value of apoB/apoA-I, but not apoB levels, remained significant after taking into account CRP, whereas CRP was not associated with cancer mortality after adjustment for apoB/apoA-I ratio. If further evidence supports our findings, apoA-I and apoB measurements could be considered in general healthcare policies.

Prevalence and Trends in Periodontitis in the USA: from the NHANES III to the NHANES, 1988 to 2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Borrell ◽  
B.A. Burt ◽  
G.W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Trends in periodontal diseases in the USA have been documented for years. However, the results have been mixed, mostly due to different periodontal assessment protocols. This study examined change in the prevalence of periodontitis between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000, and differences in the prevalence of periodontitis among racial/ethnic groups in the USA. Analysis was limited to non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American adults aged 18+ yrs in the NHANES III (n = 12,088) or the NHANES 1999–2000 (n = 3214). The prevalences of periodontitis for the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 were 7.3% and 4.2%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, blacks were 1.88 times (95%CI: 1.42, 2.50) more likely to have periodontitis than whites surveyed in the NHANES III. However, the odds of periodontitis for blacks and Mexican-Americans did not differ from those for whites surveyed in the NHANES 1999–2000. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of periodontitis has decreased between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 for all racial/ethnic groups in the USA.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Variation in the Association of Lipid-Related Genetic Variants With Blood Lipids in the US Adult Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-huei Chang ◽  
Renée M. Ned ◽  
Yuling Hong ◽  
Ajay Yesupriya ◽  
Quanhe Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ethnic Variation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Adiponectin/leptin ratio and Metabolic Syndrome in a Mexican American population

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaper Mirza ◽  
Hui-Qi Qu ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
Perla J Martinez ◽  
Anne R Rentfro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Circulating Levels

Objective: Adiponectin and leptin play critical roles in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to assess the feasibility of using circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin for the early diagnosis of MetS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from 367 participants randomly selected from a well-characterized cohort of Mexican-Americans living at the US-Mexico border. Results: Significant differences in circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin were observed between males and females. Adiponectin/leptin correlated significantly with MetS in this population. A receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that adiponectin/leptin showed a high sensitivity (70.9% for males, 78.9% for females) and specificity (90.2% for males and 69.8% for females) for the diagnosis of MetS, independent of BMI measurements. Conclusion: These data support the central role of adiponectin and leptin in MetS, and demonstrated that adiponectin/leptin can be used as a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for MetS.

The Mexican American Family: An Adlerian Perspective

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse T. Zapata ◽  
Pat T. Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Family Management ◽  
American Family ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mexican American Family ◽  
Mexican American Families ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

This study was designed to determine whether Adlerian-style interviews of Mexican American family members would support the general stereotypes commonly presented in the research literature. Interviews were conducted with members of 32 intact Mexican American families (64 parents, 123 children) from two church parishes. The interviews focused on perceptions of sibling roles, alliances among family members, and family management. A chi-square analysis of the data revealed that siblings perceived females as socially more cooperative and also tended to perceive sex-based alliances among family members. Parents did not seem to make choices on the basis of the sex of the family member. The results raise several questions about the prevalent literature on Mexican Americans but appear consistent with research on the American family in general.

scholarly journals Glycemic Control and Bone Turnover in Older Mexican Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid J. Rianon ◽  
Scott M. Smith ◽  
MinJae Lee ◽  
Hannah Pervin ◽  
Paul Musgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
The Us ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Turnover Markers

Altered bone quality, caused by underlying metabolic changes of type 2 diabetes (T2D), has been hypothesized to cause altered bone strength and turnover leading to increased fracture risk in T2D patients. Current understanding about changes in bone turnover markers in T2D patients is mainly based on studies focused on Caucasian men and women. However, Hispanic populations have the highest prevalence of both T2D and osteoporosis in the US. We investigated associations of glycemic control (in terms of glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) and bone turnover rate in 69 older (≥50 years) Mexican American Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) participants with T2D. Multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the associations between HbA1c (%), serum osteocalcin (OC), and serum sclerostin. In agreement with published reports from other racial/ethnic populations, our study found that lower bone turnover (indicated by lower serum OC) occurred in Mexican American men with T2D who had poorer glycemic control. For the women in our study, we found no significant association between glycemic control and OC. In contrast, HbA1c was positively associated with sclerostin for women, with near significance (p=0.07), while no association was found in men. We recommend screening Mexican American individuals with T2D, specifically those with poor glycemic control, for bone loss and fracture risk.

scholarly journals Trends in the Racial and Ethnic Disparity and Predictors of Hepatic Steatosis: Data From NHANES III and NHANES 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A31-A31
Author(s):  
Magda Shaheen ◽  
Deyu Pan ◽  
Katrina Schrode ◽  
Dulcie Kermah ◽  
Sonia Michael Najjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethnic Disparity ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Hepatic steatosis is a serious problem worldwide and it affects Hispanics at a higher rate than Blacks. This disparity is an important public health problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend in the racial/ethnic disparity of hepatic steatosis among a representative sample of the U.S. adult ≥20 years old in two time-periods. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and NHANES 2017–2018 were analyzed. The sample size in the two respective cycles was 13,910 and 5,492 respectively. Hepatic steatosis in NHANES III was diagnosed using ultrasound while in NHANES 2017–2018, fibroscan was used. We analyzed the data using bivariate Chi square, and multiple logistic regression to adjusting for confounding variables and considering the design and sample weights. In both time-periods, Mexican American had the highest prevalence of hepatic steatosis (28% in NHANES III and 43% in NHANES 2017–2018) compared to the other racial/ethnic groups (p<0.05). In the adjusted logistic regression model, relative to the white population, Mexican-Americans had 40% higher odds of hepatic steatosis in NHANES III (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.4, 95% confidence level [CL]=1.1–1.9, p<0.05) and 200% higher odds of hepatic steatosis in NHANES 2017–2018 (AOR=2.0, 95% CL=1.3–3.1, p<0.05). The common predictors of hepatic steatosis in the two time periods were gender, high waist-to-hip ratio, borderline and high levels of triglyceride, and prediabetes and diabetes as diagnosed by HbA1c (p<0.05). For CRP, independent of the method used, mild and significant inflammation were predictors of hepatic steatosis (p<0.05). In NHANES 2017–2018, participants ≥ 65 years (compared to 20–34 years of age) and Blacks (relative to Whites) had a lower chance of hepatic steatosis in the adjusted regression model (p<0.05), and those inactive (relative to those who met the physical activity guideline) had a higher chance of hepatic steatosis (p<0.05). The increased prevalence of hepatic steatosis in 2017–2018 compared to 1988–1994, may be related to the obesity epidemic, although differences in methodological factors may also play a role. Our study indicated that the racial/ethnic disparity in hepatic steatosis especially among Mexican American persisted over time. Future work is needed to explore the persistence of the racial/ethnic disparity of hepatic steatosis and its underlying mechanisms.

The US–Mexico War

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Valerio-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican War ◽  
Mexican American War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
United States Mexico ◽  
The U.S

The United States–Mexico War was the first war in which the United States engaged in a conflict with a foreign nation for the purpose of conquest. It was also the first conflict in which trained soldiers (from West Point) played a large role. The war’s end transformed the United States into a continental nation as it acquired a vast portion of Mexico’s northern territories. In addition to shaping U.S.–Mexico relations into the present, the conflict also led to the forcible incorporation of Mexicans (who became Mexican Americans) as the nation’s first Latinos. Yet, the war has been identified as the nation’s “forgotten war” because few Americans know the causes and consequences of this conflict. Within fifteen years of the war’s end, the conflict faded from popular memory, but it did not disappear, due to the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War. By contrast, the U.S.–Mexico War is prominently remembered in Mexico as having caused the loss of half of the nation’s territory, and as an event that continues to shape Mexico’s relationship with the United States. Official memories (or national histories) of war affect international relations, and also shape how each nation’s population views citizens of other countries. Not surprisingly, there is a stark difference in the ways that American citizens and Mexican citizens remember and forget the war (e.g., Americans refer to the “Mexican American War” or the “U.S.–Mexican War,” for example, while Mexicans identify the conflict as the “War of North American Intervention”).

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