scholarly journals The Obesity-Linked Gene Nudt3 Drosophila Homolog Aps Is Associated With Insulin Signaling

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Williams ◽  
Anders Eriksson ◽  
Muksheed Shaik ◽  
Sarah Voisin ◽  
Olga Yamskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nudix Hydrolase ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Median Neurosecretory Cells

Abstract Several genome-wide association studies have linked the Nudix hydrolase family member nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 3 (NUDT3) to obesity. However, the manner of NUDT3 involvement in obesity is unknown, and NUDT3 expression, regulation, and signaling in the central nervous system has not been studied. We performed an extensive expression analysis in mice, as well as knocked down the Drosophila NUDT3 homolog Aps in the nervous system, to determine its effect on metabolism. Detailed in situ hybridization studies in the mouse brain revealed abundant Nudt3 mRNA and protein expression throughout the brain, including reward- and feeding-related regions of the hypothalamus and amygdala, whereas Nudt3 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in the hypothalamus and brainstem of food-deprived mice. Knocking down Aps in the Drosophila central nervous system, or a subset of median neurosecretory cells, known as the insulin-producing cells (IPCs), induces hyperinsulinemia-like phenotypes, including a decrease in circulating trehalose levels as well as significantly decreasing all carbohydrate levels under starvation conditions. Moreover, lowering Aps IPC expression leads to a decreased ability to recruit these lipids during starvation. Also, loss of neuronal Aps expression caused a starvation susceptibility phenotype while inducing hyperphagia. Finally, the loss of IPC Aps lowered the expression of Akh, Ilp6, and Ilp3, genes known to be inhibited by insulin signaling. These results point toward a role for this gene in the regulation of insulin signaling, which could explain the robust association with obesity in humans.

Migraine-associated gene expression in cell types of the central and peripheral nervous system

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Angeliki Vgontzas ◽  
William Renthal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Cell

Background Genome-wide association studies have implicated dozens of genes with migraine susceptibility, but it remains unclear in which nervous system cell types these genes are expressed. Methods Using single-cell RNA sequencing data from the central and peripheral nervous system, including the trigeminal ganglion, the expression of putative migraine-associated genes was compared across neuronal, glial and neurovascular cell types within these tissues. Results Fifty-four putative migraine-associated genes were expressed in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system or neurovascular cell types analyzed. Six genes (11.1%) were selectively enriched in central nervous system cell types, three (5.5%) in neurovascular cell types, and two (3.7%) in peripheral nervous system cell types. The remaining genes were expressed in multiple cell types. Conclusions Single-cell RNA sequencing of the brain and peripheral nervous system localizes each migraine-associated gene to its respective nervous system tissue and the cell types in which it is expressed. While the majority of migraine-associated genes are broadly expressed, we identified several cell-type-specific migraine-associated genes in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and neurovasculature. Trial registration: not applicable.

Molecular genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Я.Р. Тимашева ◽  
Т.Р. Насибуллин ◽  
И.А. Туктарова ◽  
В.В. Эрдман ◽  
Т.Р. Галиуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide

Рассеянный склероз - это хроническое воспалительное демиелинизирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы многофакторной природы. Цель настоящего исследования состояла в проведении анализа ассоциаций с заболеванием полиморфных маркеров в генах, продукты которых предположительно участвуют в патогенезе заболевания, а также идентифицированных в результате проведения полногеномных исследований, в популяциях башкир, русских и татар, проживающих в Республике Башкортостан. В результате проведенного исследования нами получены данные, подтверждающие ассоциацию с рассеянным склерозом генов, продукты которых участвуют в развитии аутоиммунного воспаления центральной нервной системы. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of central nervous system of multifactorial origin. Genome-wide association studies identified 700 polymorphic genetic variants associated with multiple sclerosis. The aim of the current study was to analyse associations of the polymorphic markers in genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and those identified by genome-wide association studies in the populations of Bashkirs, Russians, and Tatars from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russian Federation). The study group was comprised of 644 patients with multiple sclerosis and 1408 control group individuals. Genotyping of 35 polymorphic genetic markers was performed using allele-specific PCR and PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The data obtained in our study confirm the association with multiple sclerosis of the genes involved in the development of autoimmune inflammation in central nervous system.

The anatomy of neurosecretory neurones in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L)

1976 ◽  
Vol 274 (931) ◽  
pp. 169-202 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Green Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dark Green

The anatomy of three neurosecretory cell types in the central nervous system (c.n.s.) of the gastropod mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) - the Dark Green Cells, Yellow Cells and Yellow-green Cells - has been studied by using bright and dark field illumination of material stained for neurosecretion by the Alcian Blue-Alcian Yellow technique. The neuronal geometry of single and groups of neurosecretory cells of the various types has been reconstructed from serial sections, and the likely destination of most of their processes has been determined. Dark Green Cells are monopolar, occur exclusively within the central nervous system (c.n.s.), have few or no branches terminating in neuropile, and send axons to the surface of the pleuro-parietal and pleuro-cerebral connectives. The majority of Dark Green Cell axons however (80- 85%), project down nerves which innervate ventral and anterior parts of the head-foot, the neck and the mantle. Dark Green Cell axons can be found in small nerves throughout these areas, and may terminate in a fine plexus of axons on the surfaces of the nerves. Since previous experimental work has shown that the Dark Green Cells are involved in osmotic or ionic regulation, these results suggest that the target organ of the Dark Green Cells may be the skin. Yellow Cells occur both within and outside the c.n.s. They are usually monopolar, but can be bipolar. They have several axons which normally arise separately from a single pole of the cell body, or close to it. One or more processes leave the cell proximal to the point where separate axons arise, and may run unbranched for some distance through neuropile before terminating in fine branches and blobs of various sizes. These branches may release hormone inside the c.n.s. Yellow-green Cells are mono-, bi- or multi-polar, and like the Yellow Cells are found both within and outside the c.n.s. Some Yellow-green Cells, though not all, have projections which terminate in neuropile in fine branches and blobs. Yellowgreen Cell bodies which occur in nerves can project back along the nerve into the c.n.s. The axons of Yellow Cells and Yellow-green Cells project to release sites in various ways. Some project into the connective tissue sheath of the c.n.s., which serves as a neurohaemal organ, either directly through the surface of a ganglion, or from the pleuro-cerebral or pleuro-parietal connectives. Other axons leave the c.n.s. via nerves leaving the left and right parietal and visceral ganglia; projections into the intestinal, anal, and internal right parietal nerves being most numerous. Axons which may be from either, or both Yellow Cells and Yellow-green Cells, can be found along the entire unbranched lengths of these nerves, and in subsequent branches which innervate organs lying in the anterior turn of the shell. All of these organs are closely associated with the lung cavity. The pattern of release of hormone which this arrangement implies may have been adopted to ensure a rapid distribution of hormone throughout the circulation following release, or to increase the concentration of hormone in blood flowing through target organs such as the kidney, lung walls or the heart.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document