scholarly journals Evolution and Classification of Cystine Knot-Containing Hormones and Related Extracellular Signaling Molecules

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula A. Vitt ◽  
Sheau Y. Hsu ◽  
Aaron J. W. Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Cystine Knot ◽  
Extracellular Signaling

Initiation of the proximodistal axis in insect legs

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Campbell ◽  
A. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Extracellular Signaling ◽  
Cell Cell

Much of the cell-cell communication that controls assignment of cell fates during animal development appears to be mediated by extracellular signaling molecules. The formation of the proximodistal (P/D) axis of the legs of flies is controlled by at least two such molecules, a Wnt and a TGFbeta, encoded by the wingless (wg) and decapentaplegic (dpp) genes, respectively. The P/D axis appears to be initiated from the site where cells expressing wg are in close association with those expressing dpp. Support for this hypothesis comes from two sources: classical grafting experiments in cockroaches and ectopic protein expression in Drosophila.

scholarly journals RNAs as extracellular signaling molecules

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel E Dinger ◽  
Timothy R Mercer ◽  
John S Mattick
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Epigenetic Memory ◽  
Extracellular Signaling ◽  
Rna Signaling

RNA is emerging as a major component of the regulatory circuitry that underpins the development and physiology of complex organisms. Here we review recent evidence that suggests that RNA may supplement endocrine and paracrine signaling by small molecules and proteins, and act as an efficient and evolutionarily flexible source of sequence-specific information transfer between cells, both locally and systemically. As such, RNA signaling may play a central but previously hidden role in multicellular ontogeny, homeostasis, and transmitted epigenetic memory.

scholarly journals Gap junction modulation by extracellular signaling molecules: the thymus model

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Alves ◽  
O.K. Nihei ◽  
P.C. Fonseca ◽  
A.C. Campos-de-Carvalho ◽  
W. Savino
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Extracellular Signaling

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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