Red Desaturation Prevalence and Severity in Healthy Patients

AbstractObjective:To determine the percentage of the healthy population that responds asymmetrically to the red desaturation test, and to approximate the degree of red desaturation in those individuals. We also sought to elucidate any correlation between demographic variables and red desaturation prevalence and severity.Methods:Adults aged 18 and older with a normal eye exam, including confrontation fields and best-corrected visual acuity of ≥ 20/25 OU, were eligible for this prevalence study. Those with objective or subjective afferent visual dysfunction were excluded. A total of 101 eligible participants (31.7% male; 77.2% white race; mean (SD) age: 41.5 (15.3) years) were queried whether monocular perception of redness of a standardized tropicamide bottle cap was the same and to estimate the interocular percentage difference, with one eye perceiving the bottle cap at “100% redness.”Results:Twenty-four participants (23.8%) experienced some degree of red desaturation. For these individuals with red desaturation, the average interocular difference was 9.0% (range 2-25%, 95% CI: 6.0-12.0%). There was no statistical evidence for a relationship between red desaturation and race, sex, or age.Conclusion:This study shows that nearly a quarter of healthy patients without apparent optic nerve or macular dysfunction may recognize red desaturation. This deserves consideration when interpreting red desaturation testing in patients suspected to have unilateral optic neuropathy. Further research with larger sample sizes may identify predictors of red desaturation in healthy patients, establish the red desaturation threshold separating pathologic from physiologic phenomena, and assess the repeatability of red desaturation over time in affected individuals.

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Navigation-assisted endonasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression in fibrous dysplasia

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2019-230621 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. e230621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramya Thota ◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Rajeev Kumar ◽

Bhinyaram Jat

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Fibrous Dysplasia ◽

Nerve Decompression ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Optic Nerve Decompression ◽

Stable Vision ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

A 12-year-old girl presented with left-sided decreased vision of 2-month duration. Clinical evaluation and imaging revealed fibrous dysplasia compressing the left optic nerve with no underlying endocrinological abnormalities. Best-corrected visual acuity showed progressive deterioration of vision over 2-month follow-up. She underwent navigation-assisted endonasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression. Post-surgery there was improvement in vision and it became normal (6/6). Six-month follow-up showed stable vision with no further complications.

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Lens coloboma secondary to neglected buphthalmos

Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports ◽

10.52768/2766-7820/1370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Mousumi Banerjee ◽

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Axial Length ◽

Congenital Glaucoma ◽

Slit Lamp ◽

Posterior Subcapsular Cataract ◽

Slit Lamp Examination ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

A 36-year-old male presented with progressive diminution of vision OS for 3 months. He was a known case of bilateral congenital glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy at 6 months and 5 years of age OD and OS respectively. Best corrected visual acuity was 6/24 OD and 1/60 OS. Slit lamp examination revealed bilateral Haab striae (Figure 1a) with lens subluxation OS evident by the scalloped border of the lens with broken zonules in the superonasal quadrant and lens coloboma in the inferonasal quadrant with the absence of zonules (Figure 1b,c,d). A posterior subcapsular cataract was also noted OS. Advanced glaucomatous optic nerve cupping was noted OU. An intraocular pressure of 10 mm Hg OD and 16 mm Hg OS was noted. Biometry documented an axial length of 26.30 mm OD and 28.75 mm OS with a keratometry of 42.50D/46.50D @20˚/110˚OD and 37.75D/40.00D @ 45˚/135˚OS. Ultrasound bio-microscopy depicted increased sphericity of the lens with broken zonules OS (Figure 1e).

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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema in Vitrectomized and Nonvitrectomized Eyes

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000446992 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 236 (2) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yoshito Koyanagi ◽

Shigeo Yoshida ◽

Yoshiyuki Kobayashi ◽

Yuki Kubo ◽

Muneo Yamaguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Macular Edema ◽

Diabetic Macular Edema ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Central Macular Thickness ◽

Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) for diabetic macular edema (DME) between eyes with and without previous vitrectomy. Procedures: We prospectively assessed the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) after IVR for 6 months. Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline BCVA and CMT between both groups. In the nonvitrectomized group (n = 15), the mean changes of BCVA and CMT from baseline to month 6 were significant (p < 0.01). In the vitrectomized group (n = 10), the improvement appeared to be slower, and the mean BCVA improvement was not significant (p = 0.5), although the mean CMT decrease was significant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the mean changes of BCVA and CMT between both groups at 6 months. Conclusions: The difference in the effectiveness of IVR between both groups was not significant. IVR can be a treatment option even for vitrectomized DME eyes.

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Rebubbling rate in preloaded versus surgeon prepared DSAEK

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211014380 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110143

Author(s):

Luca Pagano ◽

Kunal A Gadhvi ◽

Giulia Coco ◽

Matthew Fenech ◽

Mitchell Titley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Preparation Method ◽

Eye Bank ◽

Eye Banks ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Detachment Rate ◽

Pull Through ◽

Graft Diameter ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of eye bank preloaded Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) grafts and surgeon prepared. Methods: In this retrospective study, the data were obtained from two groups (a) surgeon cut DSAEK where tissue was prepared by the surgeon immediately before surgery, and (b) preloaded DSAEK tissue shipped to the surgeon after preparation by the eye bank. Standard DSAEK preparations using Moria microkeratome with single pass method were performed. For the tissues prepared by the eye banks, they were preloaded in an iGlide device and shipped in transport media. Standard DSAEK surgery using bimanual pull-through technique was performed for all the grafts. Air was used as a tamponade. Main outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and rebubbling rate. Result: Out of 107 eyes of 101 patients that underwent DSAEK surgery, 33 tissues were prepared by the surgeon (sc-DSAEK), while 74 were prepared by the eye bank (pl-DSAEK). sc-DSAEK showed a rebubbling rate of 9.1%, compared to the 16.2% for the preloaded DSAEK ( p = 0.11). There was no statistical difference in postoperative BCVA between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed no association between detachment rate and cataract surgery, graft preparation method, graft diameter and reason for graft. Conclusion: Preloaded grafts have similar rebubbling rate and visual acuity achieved compared with surgeon prepared grafts.

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Intraoperative choroidal detachment during small-gauge vitrectomy: analysis of causes, anatomic, and visual outcomes

Eye ◽

10.1038/s41433-021-01605-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Zhang ◽

Yantao Wei ◽

Zhaotian Zhang ◽

Wei Chi ◽

Lujia Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Medical Records ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Choroidal Detachment ◽

Fluid Exchange ◽

Visual Outcomes ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Ocular Hypotony ◽

Small Gauge ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Abstract Introduction To investigate the incidence and causes of intraoperative choroidal detachment (CD) during small-gauge vitrectomy, as well as the anatomic and visual outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1026 consecutive patients who underwent small-gauge vitrectomy from June 2017 to December 2018 at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangzhou, China. Data on the presence, location, and extent of intraoperative CD and its relationship to the infusion cannula were collected. Patient demographic characteristics and postoperative anatomic and visual outcomes were also assessed. Results A total of six cases were found to have intraoperative CD, including two with serous CD, three with limited haemorrhagic CD, and one with CD caused by inadvertent perfusion of gas during air/fluid exchange. Retraction of the infusion cannula and acute ocular hypotony were found to be the main causes of intraoperative CD in five out of the six cases. The best-corrected visual acuity of all cases significantly improved after the surgery. Conclusion The incidence of intraoperative CD during small-gauge vitrectomy is low; the predominant causes are retraction of the infusion cannula and acute ocular hypotony. Immediate awareness and timely closure of the incision may contribute to a better surgical prognosis.

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Pseudoamblyopia in Congenital Cyclotropia

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2017/1870290 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Antonio Frattolillo ◽

Filippo Tassi ◽

Valentina Di Croce ◽

Costantino Schiavi

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Surgical Correction ◽

Visual Performance ◽

Time Study ◽

Superior Oblique Palsy ◽

Fixation Pattern ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Superior Oblique

Purpose. To study the effect of surgery on amblyopia and suppression associated with congenital cyclovertical strabismus. Methods. The fixation pattern was investigated with microperimetry before and soon after surgery in ten consecutive children operated for congenital superior oblique palsy at the S. Martino Hospital, Belluno, Italy, between September 2014 and December 2015. Changes in visual performance in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and stereopsis between the day before and one week after surgery were also evaluated. No other amblyopia treatment has been administered during the time study. Results. Surgical correction of the excyclodeviation in congenital SO palsy determined monocular and binocular sensory consequences: monocularly, in the cyclodeviated amblyopic eye, BCVA (0.46–0.03 LogMAR; p<0.0001) and the fixation pattern improved, as demonstrated by microperimetry examination. Binocularly, stereopsis improved or emerged while suppression at the Worth four-dot test disappeared. Conclusions. In the absence of further amblyopic factors such as coexisting constant vertical and/or horizontal deviation and anisometropia, the amblyopia encountered in congenital SO palsy may resolve soon after the surgical alignment. Therefore, it may be considered and defined “pseudoamblyopia.”

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Foveal Exudative Macroaneurysm Treated with Intravitreal Ranibizumab

Case Reports in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1159/000431353 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 170-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carlos Menezes ◽

Rui Carvalho ◽

Carla Teixeira ◽

José Alberto Lemos ◽

Rita Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Visual Acuity ◽

Macular Edema ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Retinal Macroaneurysm ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: We report a case of a foveal macroaneurysm with long-standing macular edema in a rare location, successfully treated with intravitreal ranibizumab. Methods: We report the case of a 52-year-old man with left eye long-term visual loss due to macular edema caused by a retinal macroaneurysm, localized about 400 μm from the center of the fovea, and its response to 6 monthly ranibizumab intravitreal injections. His best-corrected visual acuity and morphological data evaluated by optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography are presented. Results: His best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1/10 to 3/10 after the 3rd injection, and from 1/10 to 4/10 after the 6th one. The central retinal thickness was evaluated by optical coherence tomography and improved from 310 to 233 μm, with the resolution of both the associated serous detachments and the cystoid macular edema; an almost complete reabsorption of the hard exudates at the end of the treatment was also observed. The macroaneurysm lumen almost obliterated after the 3rd injection and completely collapsed at the end of treatment. Conclusions: Intravitreal ranibizumab may be effective in the treatment of long-standing macular edema associated with foveal macroaneurysms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a retinal macroaneurysm located so close to the foveal avascular zone.

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Detecting subclinical keratoconus by biomechanical analysis in tomographically regular keratoconus fellow eyes

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211063740 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110637

Author(s):

Victor A Augustin ◽

Hyeck-Soo Son ◽

Isabella Baur ◽

Ling Zhao ◽

Gerd U Auffarth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Central Corneal Thickness ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Case Series ◽

Biomechanical Analysis ◽

Corvis St ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

The Mean ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Fellow Eyes

Purpose To analyze the tomographically non-affected second eyes of keratoconus patients using the Corvis ST to detect any biomechanical abnormalities or subclinical keratoconus. Methods In this retrospective, single-center, consecutive case series 244 eyes of 122 keratoconus patients were analyzed between November 2020 and February 2021. Fourteen fellow eyes fulfilled the inclusion criteria and showed no clinical or tomographic signs of keratoconus. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, tomographic and biomechanical analyses using Scheimpflug imaging: Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Tomographic analyses included anterior and posterior simulated keratometry, K-Max, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, Belin/Ambrosio Ectasia Display, and the ABCD grading system. For biomechanical analyses, the corneal biomechanical index (CBI) and tomographic biomechanical index were used. Results The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR. Mean K-Max was 43.79 ± 1.12 D, mean central corneal thickness 529 ± 25 µm, mean thinnest corneal thickness 524 ± 23 µm, and mean Belin/Ambrosio Ectasia Display 1.0 ± 0.32. The mean CBI was 0.30 ± 0.21. Regular CBI values were found in six of 14 patients. The mean tomographic biomechanical index was 0.47 ± 0.22 with regular values observed in only two of 14 patients. No signs of tomographic or biomechanical abnormalities were shown in only one of 14 keratoconus fellow eyes, with regular ABCD, Belin/Ambrosio Ectasia Display, CBI and tomographic biomechanical index values. Conclusions Tomographically normal fellow eyes of keratoconus patients are rare. In these cases, a biomechanical analysis of the cornea may help detect a subclinical keratoconus. The tomographic biomechanical index was the most sensitive index to verify a mild ectasia.

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Observational study of clinical characteristics of dome-shaped macula in Chinese Han with high myopia at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021887 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e021887 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Xiujuan Zhao ◽

Xiaoyan Ding ◽

Cancan Lyu ◽

Shiyi Li ◽

Yu Lian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

High Myopia ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Serous Retinal Detachment ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Myopic Maculopathy ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence of dome-shaped macula (DSM) in highly myopic eyes among Chinese Han and to detect the correlation with myopic maculopathy and macular complications.MethodsA total of 736 Chinese Han patients (1384 eyes) with high myopia (refractive error≤6.0 diopters or axial length ≥26.5 mm) are reviewed based on information entered into a high-myopia database at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and parafoveal choroidal thickness (PFCT) are measured. The prevalence of DSM in patients with myopic maculopathy is categorised from C0 to C4. Clinical features, including macular complications, SFCT and PFCT, are compared between myopic eyes with and without DSM.ResultsAmong the 1384 eyes, 149 (10.77%) show DSM. In highly myopic eyes without macular complications, the best corrected visual acuity is significantly worse in patients with DSM (p=0.002), and the ratio between subfoveal and parafoveal choroidal thickness (S/PCT) is significantly elevated in patients with DSM (p=0.021). The proportion of foveal schisis (17.24% vs 62.86%) is much lower in eyes with DSM compared with those without DSM. However, the proportions of extrafoveal schisis (39.66% vs 5.37%), foveal serous retinal detachment (SRD) (5.17% vs 0) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) (24.14% vs 10.74%) are much higher in eyes with DSM. The proportion of DSM was lower in C0 and C1, but higher proportion of DSM was found in C3 and C4.ConclusionsDSM is found in 10.77% of highly myopic eyes among Chinese Han. DSM might be a protective mechanism for foveal schisis and a risk factor for extrafoveal schisis, SRD and ERM.

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The RELIEF study: Tolerability and efficacy of preservative-free latanoprost in the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672118785280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 210-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marta Misiuk-Hojlo ◽

Maria Pomorska ◽

Malgorzata Mulak ◽

Marek Rekas ◽

Joanna Wierzbowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Ocular Hypertension ◽

Benzalkonium Chloride ◽

Tear Film ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Break Up ◽

Preservative Free ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: To assess tolerability and efficacy following a switch from benzalkonium chloride–latanoprost to preservative-free latanoprost in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Methods: A total of 140 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension controlled with benzalkonium chloride-latanoprost for at least 3 months were switched to treatment with preservative-free latanoprost. Assessments were made on days 15, 45, and 90 (D15, D45, and D90) and included best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, fluorescein staining, tear film break-up time, patient symptom evaluation, and subjective estimation of tolerability. Results: Mean best-corrected visual acuity remained unchanged during the study. Mean intraocular pressure compared with baseline (D0) remained stable throughout the study (D0, 15.9 mmHg (standard deviation = 2.6); D90, 15.3 mmHg (standard deviation = 2.4); p < 0.006). Tear film break-up time improved or remained unchanged relative to baseline in 92% of patients at D45 and in 93% at D90. Moderate-to-severe conjunctival hyperemia was seen in 56.8% of patients at D0, but this figure decreased to 13.7%, 2.2%, and 1.6% at D15, D45, and D90, respectively. Subjective assessment of tolerability (0–10 scale) indicated improvement with change of therapy (mean score: 5.3 (standard deviation = 2.2) at D0 versus 1.9 (standard deviation = 1.7) at D90; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Preservative-free latanoprost has at least the same intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy as benzalkonium chloride–latanoprost, with a better tolerability profile. This may translate into greater control of treatment and improved quality of life.

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