Proximal Myotonic Myopathy with MRI White Matter Abnormalities of the Brain

Neurology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hund ◽  
O. Jansen ◽  
M. C. Koch ◽  
K. Ricker ◽  
W. Fogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Proximal Myotonic Myopathy ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Relationship of grey and white matter abnormalities with distance from the surface of the brain in multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1212-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
Carole H Sudre ◽  
Ferran Prados ◽  
Özgür Yaldizli ◽  
Varun Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Brain

Volumetric differences suggest involvement of cerebellum and brainstem in chronic migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Başar Bilgiç ◽  
Gülşen Kocaman ◽  
Ali Bilgin Arslan ◽  
Handan Noyan ◽  
Resul Sherifov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Anatomical Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling neurologic condition that often evolves from episodic migraine. There has been mounting evidence on the volumetric changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in migraineurs. These studies mainly focused on episodic migraine patients and less is known about the differences in CM patients. Method A total of 24 CM patients and 24 healthy control individuals (all females) were included in this study. All participants underwent neurological examination and MRI. High-resolution anatomical MRI images were processed with an automated segmentation method (FreeSurfer). White-matter abnormalities of the brain were also evaluated with the Age-Related White-Matter-Changes Scale. Results The volumes of the cerebellum and brainstem were found to be smaller in CM patients compared to healthy controls. White-matter abnormalities were also found in CM patients, specifically in the bilateral parieto-occipital areas. There was no correlation between the clinical variables and volume decrease in these regions. Conclusion CM patients showed significant volume differences in infratentorial areas and white-matter abnormalities in the posterior part of the brain. It is currently unclear whether the structural brain changes seen in migraine patients are the cause or the result of headaches. Longitudinal volumetric neuroimaging studies with larger groups, especially on the chronification of migraine, are needed to shed light on this topic.

Olfactory dysfunction and extent of white matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MR study

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino Zorzon ◽  
Maja Ukmar ◽  
Luisa Monti Bragadin ◽  
Francesca Zanier ◽  
Rodolfo M Antonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Smell Loss

Background: The relative contribution to the olfactory dysfunction of the lesions in the specific brain regions involved in olfaction compared with the lesions scattered all over the rest of the brain has not been fully clarified yet in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The concurrent use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and a standardized test of odor identification ability now permits to study the relation between smell loss and the extent of white matter abnormalities. Methods: We tested the olfactory function of 40 patients with definite MS and of 40 age-sex- and smoking-habit-matched healthy controls by using the Cross Cultural Smell Identification Test. We measured also the lesion load on T2-weighted images in the inferior-frontal and temporal lobes and in the rest of the brain in MS patients. Therefore, we tried to correlate measures of lesion load and smell test scores. Results: A robust correlation was demonstrated between MR measures of lesion load in the white matter of the olfactory brain region and smell loss (r=70.739, P50.0001). A significant relationship has been found even after taking potential confounding factors, such as sex, age, disease duration, disability, anxiety and depression, into account (r=70.90, P50.0001). Conclusions: Our findings show, in MS patients with stable neurological impairment and no recent disease exacerbation, a correlation between smell loss and the lesion load in the regions of the brain involved in olfaction and support the theory that the extent and severity of MRI abnormalities in specific brain regions are related to the presence of selective neurologic and neuropsychologic impairment.

Characterization of Ischemic Stroke in CT Images using Image Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amal Alzain ◽  
Suhaib Alameen ◽  
Rani Elmaki ◽  
Mohamed E. M. Gar-Elnabi
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Interactive Data ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

This study concern to characterize the brain tissues to ischemic stroke, gray matter, white matter and CSF using texture analysisto extract classification features from CT images. The First Order Statistic techniques included sevenfeatures. To find the gray level variation in CT images it complements the FOS features extracted from CT images withgray level in pixels and estimate the variation of thesubpatterns. analyzing the image with Interactive Data Language IDL software to measure the grey level of images. The results show that the Gray Level variation and   features give classification accuracy of ischemic stroke 97.6%, gray matter95.2%, white matter 97.3% and the CSF classification accuracy 98.0%. The overall classification accuracy of brain tissues 97.0%.These relationships are stored in a Texture Dictionary that can be later used to automatically annotate new CT images with the appropriate brain tissues names.

What Has Direct Cortical and Subcortical Electrostimulation Taught Us about Neurolinguistics?

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-211
Author(s):  
Hugues Duffau
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
The Brain

Investigating the neural and physiological basis of language is one of the most important challenges in neurosciences. Direct electrical stimulation (DES), usually performed in awake patients during surgery for cerebral lesions, is a reliable tool for detecting both cortical and subcortical (white matter and deep grey nuclei) regions crucial for cognitive functions, especially language. DES transiently interacts locally with a small cortical or axonal site, but also nonlocally, as the focal perturbation will disrupt the entire subnetwork sustaining a given function. Thus, in contrast to functional neuroimaging, DES represents a unique opportunity to identify with great accuracy and reproducibility, in vivo in humans, the structures that are actually indispensable to the function, by inducing a transient virtual lesion based on the inhibition of a subcircuit lasting a few seconds. Currently, this is the sole technique that is able to directly investigate the functional role of white matter tracts in humans. Thus, combining transient disturbances elicited by DES with the anatomical data provided by pre- and postoperative MRI enables to achieve reliable anatomo-functional correlations, supporting a network organization of the brain, and leading to the reappraisal of models of language representation. Finally, combining serial peri-operative functional neuroimaging and online intraoperative DES allows the study of mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity. This chapter critically reviews the basic principles of DES, its advantages and limitations, and what DES can reveal about the neural foundations of language, that is, the large-scale distribution of language areas in the brain, their connectivity, and their ability to reorganize.

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