Wine and Women: Grape Growers and Pulperas in Mendoza, 1561–1852

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Lacoste
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Local Means ◽  
Female Ownership

Abstract This article examines the role of entrepreneurial women in colonial Mendoza, a trade and transport center characterized by wine production. In other economic activities, such as cattle raising and transportation, female ownership of the local means of productions was practically nonexistent. Women were increasingly important in the cultivation of vineyards and in the production and selling of wine in taverns and stores (pulperías). This development was brought about by three factors: first, Hispanic ideology allowed women a privileged space in the cultivation of vineyards, as is illustrated in Fray Luis de León’s La perfecta casada (1583). Second, as a transportation center, Mendoza had many men who worked as muleteers, on wagon trains, and on cattle drives; their extended absences generated greater responsibilities and independence for women. Third, the example set by the first taverns and wineries in Mendoza created models for other women to pursue. For all these reasons, women took advantage of opportunities in vineyards and taverns, thus advancing their own economic and mental emancipation. This study is based on unpublished documents in the Archivo Histórico de Mendoza and the Archivo Nacional in Santiago, Chile.

scholarly journals Case-study of the Role of Environment as an Energy Externality in Geneva Vineyard Cultivation and Wine Production

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzague Pillet
Keyword(s):  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Evaluation Procedures

There is a need today for accurate understanding of the relationships between economic activities and the environmental realm. In particular, it is urgent from an economic viewpoint to put quantitative meanings upon external, environmental contributions to the economy. Energy analysis and energy externality evaluation procedures are useful in this respect.

Beyond the Social Determinants of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Laura Hall ◽  
Urpi Pine ◽  
Tanya Shute
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
People First

Abstract This paper will reflect on key findings from a Summer 2017 initiative entitled The Role of Culture and Land-Based Healing in Addressing and Ending Violence against Indigenous Women and Two-Spirited People. The Indigenist and decolonizing methodological approach of this work ensured that all research was grounded in experiential and reciprocal ways of learning. Two major findings guide the next phase of this research, complicating the premise that traditional economic activities are healing for Indigenous women and Two-Spirit people. First, the complexities of the mainstream labour force were raised numerous times. Traditional economies are pressured in ongoing ways through exploitative labour practices. Secondly, participants emphasized the importance of attending to the responsibility of nurturing, enriching, and sustaining the wellbeing of soil, water, and original seeds in the process of creating renewal gardens as a healing endeavour. In other words, we have an active role to play in healing the environment and not merely using the environment to heal ourselves. Gardening as research and embodied knowledge was stressed by extreme weather changes including hail in June, 2018, which meant that participants spent as much time talking about the healing of the earth and her systems as the healing of Indigenous women in a context of ongoing colonialism.

scholarly journals Investment Portfolio, Democratic Accountability, Poverty and Income Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: A Way to Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6411
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Hassan ◽  
Haider Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed ◽  
Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb ◽  
Noman Arshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Short Run

Institutions help to streamline the economic activity-related procedures, where government intervention might be involved. Institutions also play a significant role in social sustainability. The findings using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration for the period from 1984–2019 reveal that investment portfolio and democratic accountability reduce poverty in Pakistan both in the long and short run. Moreover, democratic accountability helps to reduce income inequality, but the investment portfolio’s role is not significant. The literacy rate helps to reduce income inequality, and inflation increases poverty and income inequality. The remittances increase income inequality, and urbanization increases poverty. To eradicate poverty and income inequality, the governments should be accountable for their actions to the general public while they remain in power. If they do not deliver as per their manifestoes, they will not be reelected in the next election. Moreover, there is a dire need to redefine the role of an investment portfolio to reduce the risk of investment. So, investments would increase economic activities and could reduce poverty and income inequality. This study contributes to the literature by inquiring about the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability in social sustainability by reducing poverty and income inequality. This study only considers Pakistan’s economy due to limitations of poverty data availability in other countries. The scope could further be broadened by accessing data for a wider Asia region to test the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability to reduce poverty and income inequality.

scholarly journals Temporary events and spaces in the Swedish primary art market

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Jansson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

AbstractTraditionally, the art market is associated with specific cities or art districts; typically there are internationally renowned locations like Paris, New York and Berlin. However, taking a closer look at the art markets, it is rather the temporal dimensions that are striking. Art market actors (e. g. artists, critics, gallerists, buyers, collectors, curators) are gathering in temporary locations and at temporary events such as art exhibition openings, art fairs, auctions, performances and vernissages. Within economic geography literature, the role of temporary spaces and events has been increasingly discussed in relation to economic activities and their performance, efficiency and creativity. An important insight gained in this literature is how temporary events, despite their short-lived existence, create microcosms of an industry or sector. Some temporary events even gather enough resources, skills and power to become field-configuring. In this paper, the primary art market will be discussed from the theoretical perspectives of value-making processes, temporary spaces and events, and field-configuring events. More specifically, the study focuses on temporary spaces important to galleries involved in selling and promoting primary art and artists. It focuses on how temporary spaces constitute both a characteristic feature of the art market and important spaces for creating both cultural and economic values. Empirically, this paper is based on a study of the Swedish primary art galleries and in particular it deals with primary art galleries located in Stockholm, and studies how they use temporary spaces and events in creating both cultural and economic values to themselves, the artists and their artworks. Three empirical examples characteristic to primary art galleries are examined; the opening, the art fair and the mobile art district.

Muslim women contribution to economic activities: a viewpoint

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Women In Business ◽  
Keynote Speech ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of Muslim women in economic activities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a historical account on the important role played by Muslim women in business and governance during the Islamic formative years. Findings – While women in the West still struggle with the rights to equal position and pay till today, Islamic teaching provides Muslim women with the rights to earn and spend as they wished as well as selected to lead economic activities based on their personal merit and wisdom. Practical implications – The paper highlights that Islamic Sharia does not discriminate Muslim women economically nor socially as often portrayed in the Western media. Islam outlines the specific rights and obligations of men and women to ensure development of a healthy society. Social implications – Society should appreciate that Islamic Sharia work out favourably for women. They are trusted to lead based on their own merit and wisdom and not for their beauty. Originality/value – This is a keynote speech delivered at the Islamic Perspective of Accounting, Finance, Economics and Management (IPAFEM) 2015 conference: 7th-9th April, Adam Smith Business School, The University of Glasgow – on the economic role played by early Muslim women.

The Role of Female’s Participation in Economic Activity to Household Income The Case of Mizan Aman Town, South Nation Nationality And People’s Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Omer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract The main aim of the study was to examine the role of females' economic participation in household income. To achieve this objective both primary and secondary sources of data were collected from 400 sample size using simple random sampling method. The obtained data were first analyzed using a descriptive method to describe socio-economic characteristics of women in the study area. Secondly, to identify determinants of women’s participation in economic activities and household decision-making process logit model was employed and finally, multiple linear regression method was applied to identify factors affecting the level of women's contribution to household income. The result shows that female participation in economic activities positively determines by women's training and woman’s education level and is negatively affected by the presence of children under five years of age. The contribution of women to household income on average was estimated birr 32,400.50 per annum which was nearly 36.8percent of the overall household income. The possible recommendation is government and other respective bodies must encourage women to learn more and more.

Role of local banks as potential primary stakeholders in community-type destinations

2010 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Tourist Development

The aim of the paper is to analyse the role of rural credit unions (CRs) in the local financial system and their position as potential primary stakeholders in communitytype destinations. These destinations could be considered as networks characterised by relationships to be understood through the network approach and stakeholder theory. In community-type destinations the level of integration of the tourist offer depends on the intensity and structure of relationships, that is, on the coordination among enterprises, public bodies, local communities and destination management organisations, that manage only a part of the resources and participate with distinct roles, capabilities and power. In these destinations the local credit system has a fundamental role, since it funds enterprises and takes part in local development projects. The CRs are cooperative banks that - by statute - foster economic and social development of the territory. The field research conducted in a typical community-type destination in Italy investigated if there exists a link between the role of the CRs and the development of the tourist offer, to test if they are also primary stakeholders for the tourist development of the territory. The research highlights that CRs are primary stakeholders for the development of traditional economic activities and that they have mainly a financing role for the development of the tourist offer. Signals of change in role are perceivable within the network: from financier to partner in the planning of initiatives and support activities of the tourist development. The results suggest a possible re-positioning of local banks in the network for tourist development projects.

scholarly journals POPULATION AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Topchiyev ◽  
Vitalii Sych ◽  
Viktoriya Yavorska ◽  
Katerina Kolomiyets
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Big City ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Resource Characteristics ◽  
Recreation And Tourism

The article defines the directions that it is recommended to assess the role of the population in the formation of recreation and tourism activities (RTA). It is proved the need to investigate the role of the population in the RTA in two main directions: 1) as a subject of recreational and tourist systems in its relation to their media (objects); 2) combined - as a subject and component of the object of recreational and tourist systems. The population forms the flows of recreation and tourists, developing relevant structures and mechanisms for their recreational and tourist service, organizes directions and fields of economic and non-economic activities that ensure the recreational needs of the population, creates a specialized recreation infrastructure, develops and implements a variety of functional and territorial organization of recreation and tourism, forms at the national and international level of territorial division of labor. In order to evaluate the recreational potential of a separate plot or object usually consider not the entire nomenclature of conditions and resources, but only a characteristic or typical combination. Each territory, each object of recreation and tourism has its own set (complex) of resource characteristics. And this circumstance greatly facilitates the procedure for a comprehensive assessment of recreational potential due to elimination (allocation) of a characteristic complex of terms and resources of RTA. A similar situation arises for a functional assessment of recreational potential. The valuation of conditions and resources are not developed for a general list of species and forms of RTA, but for those that are distributed in this area in this locality. It is determined that among the numerous characteristics and indicators of recreational potential, the concept of recreational and tourist attractiveness is one of the objective indicators of resource potential. Estimation of recreational potential for quantitative indicators of recreation and tourists and their numerical and spatial distributions creates an objective basis for all other characteristics and indicators of RTD. Another important characteristic of the recreational potential, which forms the population as a factor of RTA is a recreation capacity of territories and objects of RTA. The concept of "recreational capacity" is related to "recreational attractiveness". Attractiveness characterizes recreational territories and objects for their attraction, according to real flows of recreation and tourists. Recreational capacity is intended to set the upper limits of such attractiveness. Attractiveness represents the actual use of a recreational resource, and the capacity indicates its critical level of recreation, which does not lead to degradation of this resource. In recreational geography, tourism and planning of territories, this direction is well known and extremely designed. The indicators of recreational capacities for certain types and recreation forms and recreations - beach baths, short-term rest in green zones, anthropogenic load of resort zones and areas of the natural reserve fund, maximum population density in various functional zones of the big city, etc. At the same time, the zonal principles of assessing the recreational capacity of objects and areas of recreation and tourism have not yet been developed, and this actual problem is waiting for its researchers. The population forms a so-called anthropogenic load on the territory, and its economic activity is man-made load. Anthropogenic-technogenic load is considered as a factor of recreational and tourist activities, in turn, indicators of anthropogenic-technogenic load are the original characteristics of "anti-resource" of recreation potential. The article has proven that in the context of the study of the prerequisites for the development of recreation and tourist activities of the region also need to analyze both the quality of life of the population, in addition to the assessment of this indicator have a high contrast and diversity in the country. Key words: population, recreational and tourist potential, attractiveness of recreational territories, anthropogenic-technogenic load, quality of life of the population.

scholarly journals مشاكل صناعة الطابوق وأثاره البيئية في محافظتي واسط وذي قار

لارك ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 72-108
Author(s):  
بشير إبراهيم الطيف ◽  
عمران بندر مراد ◽  
انور سالم رمضان
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Industry Leader ◽  
Southern Iraq

على الرغم من الأهمية المكانية لجميع الأنشطة الإقتصادية ومنها الصناعات الإنشائية بشكل عام وصناعة الطابوق بشكل خاص ، إذ تواجه مجموعة مشاكل سواء كانت هذه المشاكل طبيعية أم بشرية ومدى تأثيرها على العمليات الإنتاجية كما ونوعاً ولما له من انعكاس على الحياة الإقتصادية والإجتماعية والبيئة، لكن وعلى الرغم من نجاح صناعة الطابوق فانها تعاني من مشاكل متعددة تعرقل عمليات الإنتاج، إذ يتطلب إيجاد الحلول المناسبة لها ولأجل تطوير تلك الصناعة بوصفها صناعة رائدة نامية في وسط وجنوب العراق، إلا أنه ومع ذلك برزت عوائق ومشاكل كبيرة أثرت بشكل بالغ على الصناعة والتنمية التي كان المجتمع يأمل أن تتحقق، فضلاً عن دور النشاط الصناعي وعلاقته بالجانب البيئي وكمية الفضلات والإنبعاثات البيئية الملوثة، هذا مادفع جميع المؤسسات المسؤولة النظر في تحجيم مثل تلك المخاطر التي قد تواجه المواطنين في المكان القريب التي قد تقع فيه معامل الطابوق في محافظتي واسط   وذي قار.   Abstract:       Despite the importance of spatial for all economic activities , including the construction industry in general and the industry of bricks , in particular, as it faces a range problems , whether these problems are natural or human and its impact on production processes, quality and quantity , and because of its reflection on the economic and social life and the environment , but in spite of the success of the industry bricks , they suffer from multiple problems hampering production processes , as it requires finding appropriate solutions and to develop the industry as an industry leader developing in central and southern Iraq , but he nevertheless emerged barriers and big problems affected the adult industry and the development community was hoping that realized , as well as the role of industrial activity and its relationship to the environmental aspect and the amount of waste and environmental pollutant emissions , this Madf all responsible institutions to consider the scaled such risks that may face the citizens in the place that might occur near the brick factories in the provinces of Wasit and Thi Qar.                           

scholarly journals Food Losses and Food Waste Versus Circular Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (2) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Parlińska ◽  
Abhishek Pagare
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Political Contribution ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
Economic Nature ◽  
And Behavior

The article aims to introduce the issue of food waste and all attempts to prevent action. Business and politics are almost interdependent, and any discussion of an economic nature is not complete without a political contribution. The role of politics and politicians in shaping economic activities was and is widely discussed. In the article, there will be a discussion on the problems of food losses and waste in Poland as the member of EU and in India. The idea of the topic came during the tenure of collaboration between representatives of both departments. Conclusions of the study found some similarities and a lot of differences between the countries. Studies have shown that negative attitude of house-hold towards food waste is not frequently reflected in consumers’ behavior, despite their fundamental knowledge on how to reduce food waste. Properly selected and presented information will stimulate both consumer’s attitude and behavior.

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