Compiling Diplomacy: Record-Keeping and Archival Practices in Chosŏn Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Policy Concern ◽  
The Status ◽  
Choson Korea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archival Practices

Abstract The Chosŏn court kept meticulous records of its interactions with their Ming, and later, their Qing neighbors. These materials, especially those that predate the nineteenth century, survive not in the form of original materials but rather as entries in court-sponsored compilations. For instance, the monumental Tongmun hwigo, published in 1788, categorizes diplomatic activity according to areas of policy concern. Its organizational scheme, handy for a Chosŏn official searching for relevant precedents, has also provided ready material for historical case studies. What has been less appreciated, however, are how such records came into being in the first place. By interrogating the status of these compilations as “archives,” this article follows how diplomatic documents were produced, used, and compiled as both products and instruments of diplomatic practice. In reading these materials as instruments of knowledge, rather than mere sources of historical documentation, this essay also makes the case for going beyond diplomatic history as interstate relations and towards a cultural and epistemic history of Korean diplomatic practice.

scholarly journals Reconfiguration, Contestation, and Decline

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Sovacool ◽  
Katherine Lovell ◽  
Marie Blanche Ting
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Innovation Studies ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

Large technical systems (LTS) are integral to modern lifestyles but arduous to analyze. In this paper, we advance a conceptualization of LTS using the notion of mature “phases,” drawing from insights into innovation studies, science and technology studies, political science, the sociology of infrastructure, history of technology, and governance. We begin by defining LTS as a unit of analysis and explaining its conceptual utility and novelty, situating it among other prominent sociotechnical theories. Next, we argue that after LTS have moved through the (overlapping) phases proposed by Thomas Hughes of invention, expansion, growth, momentum, and style, mature LTS undergo the additional (overlapping) phases of reconfiguration, contestation (subject to pressures such as drift and crisis), and eventually stagnation and decline. We illustrate these analytical phases with historical case studies and the conceptual literature, and close by suggesting future research to refine and develop the LTS framework, particularly related to more refined typologies, temporal dimensions, and a broadening of system users. We aim to contribute to theoretical debates about the coevolution of LTS as well as empirical discussions about system-related use, sociotechnical change, and policy-making.

scholarly journals On the International Roots of Prehistory (2002)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Antoine Kaeser
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identity Based

In recent years, considerable attention has been dedicated to the involvement of archaeology (and most notably prehistory) with nationalism. The probable causes of this recent fashion need not concern us here, but the movement itself is certainly welcome, testifying to the reflection of archaeologists on their own practices and those of their predecessors. For historians, this trend is quite welcome in so far as it contributes to a general renaissance of interest in the past of the discipline. However, a more careful examination of this historiography leads us to some caution about its significance. First, the majority of these historical studies adopt an internalist perspective that, combined with their self-declared reflexiveness, confers on them a rather presentist character. The result belongs to some sort of ‘history of ideas’ that has been embellished with a few sociological insights of varying subtlety. In line with the old sociology of science, social factors are only invoked to explain the ‘errors’ of archaeology. Such errors, therefore, always seem to be accounted for by external and, by definition, pernicious influences. As a consequence our discipline always escapes unscathed: its ‘purity’ is not at stake, simply because it is always ‘society’ and ‘politics’ that abuse it. Moreover, most attention is given to the interpretations of the past, not to archaeological research as such. It is not the historical practice of the discipline that is then under consideration, but rather its thematic scope—which is quite a different matter. However, conceptions of identity based on the past are by no means the exclusive preserve of archaeology. No one has been waiting for the birth of our discipline in order to gloat over the ‘heroic deeds of our glorious ancestors’. As a matter of fact, in terms of nationalism, archaeology has entered quite late into the fray, on a terrain that was by then already demarcated. The wealth of historical case studies suggests that from its origins, archaeology, and more specifically prehistoric archaeology, has been strictly dependent on the emergence of national ideologies. The general impression is clear: were it not for the dynamics of modern nationalism, the argument goes, our discipline would never have emerged.

scholarly journals Past Caring? Women, Work and Emotion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Luxton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Vantage Points

Past Caring? Women, Work and Emotion focuses on the history of women’s care work in New Zealand and on how women’s association with, and responsibility for, care shape their lives and social status. It presents a variety of historical case studies which collectively document shifting concepts and practices about care, unpaid and paid, familial and professional, over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The editors note that it “seeks to make care and care work in New Zealand’s past visible,” offering “different vantage points on women’s history and its resonances now” in public debates about issues such as child poverty, pay equity, and parental leaves (7).

scholarly journals The Historical Treatment of Urban Policing in Canada: A Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Ian Ross
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Urban Policing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Historical Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Treatments

The author reviews the research produced on the history of municipal policing in Canada, partly through the creation and analysis of a database. There are three types of work: comprehensive treatments, historical case-studies of particular polic forces, and studies examining subprocesses in particular forces. The author then discusses this literature's advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the author makes a series of recommendations for improving the existing knowledge base.

Industry and Idleness

2019 ◽  
pp. 399-465
Author(s):  
Monika Fludernik
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

Chapter 7 discusses discourses about labour in the Victorian period and the comparison they draw by means of the slavery metaphor between prisons and factories. Starting out from a consideration of traditional ideas of work as punishing labour, the chapter outlines two aspects of the labour and prison analogy: (a) the status of work in the new penitentiaries, penal servitude establishments, and workhouses; and (b) perceptions of factories as nota bene prisons. Case studies include Charles Reade’s It is Never Too Late To Mend (1856) for (a) and William Godwin’s novel Fleetwood (1805), Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna’s Helen Fleetwood (1841), and Disraeli’s Sybil (1845) for (b). The chapter traces the history of the prison-like factories to its American incarnations in the work of Melville and Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle.

Introduction: Archives, Record Keeping and Imperial Governance, 1500-1800

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Donato
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Imperial Governance ◽  
A Site ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
Archival Practices

Abstract In the last decades, a vast body of literature has scrutinized the archive, regarding it as an instrument of power for the Western conquest of the world. More recently, a new, vibrant cultural history of archives has changed our understanding of archives as a fully-fledged historical object and why they matter for extending the geographical scope of history and achieving a more connected image of modernity. The articles assembled in this themed issue delve into the history of imperial archives and archival practices in the period 1500-1800, bringing together different lines of inquiry. Each contribution focuses on a major Western imperial formation at different epochs in their evolution, dealing both with current records and historical collections; each engages with archives as an institution, as assemblages of documents that circulated in and out of official depositories, as a site where colonial administrative knowledge was elaborated, and as a political project.

Making America Great Again?

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Dan Breznitz
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Street Drugs ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Historical Case Studies

This chapter examines a different, but equally tantalizing, option of trying to “bring back” traditional manufacturing and the high-paying production-line jobs that disappeared from many areas decades ago. To analyze the practicality of this strategy, the chapter explores recent changes in the global production landscape that are the result of digitization and other trends. What happened to the vertical manufacturers of yesteryear? How does innovation translate to growth in a globalizing world? To make those changes less abstract and more concrete, the chapters utilizes a few historical case studies. First, it examines the history of the rise and fall of innovation manufacturing in Michigan and Pennsylvania; then it looks at the brief success (and long and bitter decline) of the “high-end manufacturing” stars of the 1990s: Elk Grove, California, and Colorado Springs, Colorado. After effectively killing the two current deadly street drugs of Silicon Valley and Make America Great Again, the chapter leads the reader to appreciate other (and better) choices by moving away from the binary framing of innovation/manufacturing and back to the world of fragmented production, but this time armed with a new point view.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN MUSEUMS OF THE OMSK REGION IN THE 1960–1980S

2021 ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
Olga A. Landik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
State Level ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

Today, there are a number of scientific publications devoted to specific aspects of the activities of Omsk museums in the period of 1960-1980. However, their availability did not lead to the solution of the problem of comprehensive study of Museum development in the Omsk region. The author of the article set the goal – to trace the development of research activities in museums of the Omsk region over a whole stage in the history of museum business. This manifested the scientific novelty of the study. The basis of the sources involved was the documents of the historical archive of the Omsk region (record-keeping and reporting documentation), state and party regulatory documents, the results of studies of predecessors in this matter, museographic sources. The analysis was based on the local-historical method, which made it possible to specify historical circumstances that influenced quantitative and qualitative changes. The historical-typological method allowed to systematize data on types of research activities on the types of research activities that is practiced in the museums of the region in 1960–1980-ies. The article focuses on the period that can be described as the most dynamic in the development of museums and museum network of the country. The museums were given the status of scientific institutions at the state level, measures have been taken to improve the organization of research work. It is found that the main types of research work in museums of the Omsk region in 1960–1980s were the development of scientific topics according to the thematic-expositional plans of the expositions and exhibitions; compilation of museum guides for exhibitions and expositions; development of texts of excursions, lectures, and texts for television and radio programmes; preparation of scientific articles by results of the conducted research; preparation of materials of methodological nature; organization and participation in scientific conferences; expeditionary trips to the districts of Omsk region; study of museum collections. The article reveals the specifics and directions of development of this activity, specify the reasons influencing its intensity. The conclusion is that the research activity was carried out deliberately and systematically turned into a basis that is firmly associated with all activities of the museum. Thanks to the productive activity and attention from the management and staff of the museums to research work was able to bring it to a higher level of development.

scholarly journals Partnerships for Private Transit Investment – The History and Practice of Private Transit Infrastructure with a Case Study in Perth, Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Davies-Slate ◽  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
In Transit

Urban transit planning is going through a transition to greater private investment in many parts of the world and is now on the agenda in Australia. After showing examples of private investment in transit globally the paper focuses on historical case studies of private rail investment in Western Australia. These case studies mirror the historical experience in rapidly growing railway cities in Europe, North America and Asia (particularly Japan), and also the land grant railways that facilitated settlement in North America. The Western Australian experience is noteworthy for the small but rapidly growing populations of the settlements involved, suggesting that growth, rather than size, is the key to successfully raising funding for railways through land development. The paper shows through the history of transport, with particular reference to Perth, that the practice of private infrastructure provision can provide lessons for how to enable this again. It suggests that new partnerships with private transport investment as set out in the Federal Government City Deal process, should create many more opportunities to improve the future of cities through once again integrating transit, land development and private finance.

scholarly journals The Non-Miraculous Success of Formal Analogies in Quantum Theories

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-275
Author(s):  
Doreen Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
Higgs Model ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
No Miracles Argument ◽  
Approximate Truth ◽  
History Of

The Higgs model was developed using purely formal analogies to models of superconductivity. This is in contrast to historical case studies such as the development of electromagnetism, which employed physical analogies. As a result, quantum case studies such as the development of the Higgs model carry new lessons for the scientific (anti-)realism debate. Chapter 13 argues that, by breaking the connection between success and approximate truth, the use of purely formal analogies is a counterexample to two prominent versions of the ‘No Miracles’ Argument (NMA) for scientific realism: Stathis Psillos’ Refined Explanationist Defense of Realism and the Argument from History of Science for structural realism. The NMA is undermined, but the success of the Higgs model is not miraculous because there is a naturalistically acceptable explanation for its success that does not invoke approximate truth. The chapter also suggests some possible strategies for adapting to the counterexample for scientific realists who wish to hold on to the NMA in some form.

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