Security as a need and a human right

Security is a concept defined by various aspects. It depends on the terminology applied in a particular science field. It is differently specified in terms of science branches related with psychology, philosophy or sociology. Security is also defined in another way in the security science. It is specified, inter alia, as a state, a process, a good, a need or a value. However, the aim of this paper is to define security as a need and a human right. That is why below we make an attempt to answer the following questions: Can security be defined as a need and a human right? If so, who is their guarantor?

State security as a result of systemic action

The state is an organization that functions in a systemic way. It is the function of the state to ensure its security. It is ensured by collective actions of the constituent elements of the state. The main elements of the state ensuring its security are public administration entities. It is they who, as part of efficient collective actions, create conditions for the undisturbed development of the state organization.

Safety culture among mine employees

The article discusses the results of research on the level of safety culture conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey in five different groups of employees in an underground hard coal mining plant. The survey included nine thematic groups with five questions each. Using the Likiert scale method, the safety climate in the company was assessed.

Evolution of gas security in Bulgaria - case study

The aim of this paper is to present the complex issues of gas security in Bulgaria, a country which used to be entirely dependent on raw material delivered from the Russian Federation. Bulgaria has no large raw material resources on its own territory and has tried for several years to diversify the sources and routes of natural gas supply, both through the construction of gas pipelines as well as through the import of liquefied gas. Azerbaijan may become important gas importer to Bulgaria and interconnector linking Bulgaria with Greece may singificantly impact the diversification process. Russia remains an important importer of raw material to Bulgaria and will keep this position in the foreseeable future. Russia is trying to maintain its position on the Bulgarian gas market through further infrastructure investments, regardless of the diversification processes forced by EU regulations that liberalise the gas market.

Powers of a party in administrative enforcement proceedings

Enforcement in administrative enforcement proceedings consists in the establishment by a competent public administration body of a state coercive measure in order to fulfill public-law obligations. Thus, administrative enforcement is a form of direct interference by public administration bodies in the sphere of rights and freedoms of an individual, which means that it is subject to legal regulation. In order to provide an individual with protection against unjustified interference with their rights and freedoms, the possibility of applying legal measures against acts and enforcement actions against them was granted.

German Population in the Ethnic Policy of “People’s Poland”

After the Second World War, according to various sources, there were between 3.5 and 4.5 million citizens of the former German Third Reich within the borders of Poland. According to the agreements of the so-called Big Three, made during the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, this population was to be resettled within the borders of post-war Germany. The mass deportation actions lasted from 1946 to 1949 and covered the vast majority of the population, but still about 200,000 people remained in their previous places of residence. In the following years of the existence of "People's Poland", they also gradually left the country, emigrating to the West. The primary objective of this paper was to attempt to characterize ethnic policy towards the German population in the post-war Poland. Over the years, the attitude of the state towards this group has fluctuated considerably, being characterized both by repressive measures and by the possibility of enjoying a relatively undisturbed existence.

Great Power Competition from the perspective of the United States of America at the beginning of the third decade of 21st century

In the area of security and defense, the turn of the second and third decade of the 21st century has been characterized by intensifying competition of economic and military powers. The United States of America competes with China and the Russian Federation in various fields of the functioning of states and international relations, aimed at shaping the security architecture as well as standards, practices and spheres of influence that will enable them to exercise hegemony over the widest possible area of the globe. As predicted, the ongoing competition over the next few decades will cause tensions not only on the Washington – Beijing and Washington – Moscow lines, but also in Africa, the Arctic, Europe as well as in cyberspace and space. The renewed rivalry between the great powers has officially reoriented the US security and defense priorities towards the need to prepare the country for increasing challenges. The leadership of the US Department of Defense made it a priority to prepare its armed forces for potential confrontation with other powers. This goal was the basis of all the military reforms carried out, the concept of its functioning, the modernization processes of military equipment, as well as the directions of technological research and development efforts of the domestic arms industry. According to all forecasts and analyses, in the long-term perspective these issues will be at the center of deliberations by politicians and expert circles.

Role of parents in the education of students under pandemic conditions

This paper summarizes the approaches to the development of socio-psychological and pedagogical activities that would contribute to the successful implementation of syllabi under quarantine restrictions and the creation of a safe educational space, would provide support to all participants of the educational process: fully-abled students, students with disabilities and parents, would help to restore physical and mental health under conditions of heavy workload and social isolation. In this context, the joint project of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Department of Education and Inclusive Resource Center of Uman City Council entitled “Social inclusion of distance learning” within the research topic “Socio-psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs by means of inclusive tourism”(state registration number: 0119U103978), is of particular importance. The research consisted of several stages: the development of questionnaires for parents as full participants of the educational process; conducting a questionnaire survey using google applications (1091 parents took part in the survey), analysis and interpretation of the results in order to identify the main problems related to the organization of distance learning and the psycho-emotional state under conditions of quarantine restrictions; the development of methodological recommendations on the basis of the research results. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between the socio-economic and psychosocial status of parents and its impact on the results of educational achievements of children in the period of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention was devoted to parents raising children with disabilities.

Employee motivation in the light of selected theoretical perspectives. An outline of the problem

This paper is devoted to selected theoretical perspectives related to employee motivation. It constitutes an outline of the problem and has the form of a review. The aim of this paper is to present selected theoretical perspectives regarding employee motivation because this issue seems to be crucial in relation to professional activities. This paper presents the notion of employee motivation from the perspective of selected definitions. The 3.0 motivation model and other selected concepts are described. Moreover, individual levels of employee motivation 3.0 are presented. The focus is also on their characteristics. The term gamification and its essence are presented. An attempt is made at presenting the applications of gamification and its specificity in professional activation of people working in a given organization.

Security of assemblies in the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic – administrative and legal conditions

The organization of assemblies in the Republic of Poland and in the Czech Republic is an increasingly common occurrence in public life. The freedom of peaceful assembly enables their participants to express their views, which in a democratic state under the rule of law is a desired expression of the constitutional rights and freedoms of individuals. Therefore the course of gatherings should be safe not only for its participants, but also for the attendees. The organizer, law enforcement and police officers are responsible for the safe conduct of the assembly. On the other hand, technical and logistical considerations are also important for the security of assemblies. The pandemic currently experienced by the majority of societies not only in Europe, but also on other continents, makes a significant impact on the sphere of law and civil liberties, including the right to organize assemblies. This paper addresses the issue of security of assemblies in Poland and the Czech Republic from the point of view of administrative solutions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper constitutes the result of team research conducted as part of a scientific internship by the Authors in Fakulta bezpečnostního inženýrství, Bezpečnostních služeb – Vysoká škola báňská – Technická univerzita Ostrava in the Czech Republic.