A New Landmark for Finding the Sigmoid Sinus in Suboccipital Craniotomies

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. ons1-ons6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Leopoldo Raso ◽  
Segastião Nataniel Silva Gusmão
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Sigmoid Sinus ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Suboccipital Craniotomy ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Digital Caliper

Abstract BACKGROUND: The suboccipital craniotomy is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical approaches. OBJECTIVE: To define a new cranial landmark, the digastric point, located at the top of the mastoid notch in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone that may assist surgeons performing this craniotomy and to study the relationships between this point and other surface landmarks. METHODS: Craniometric measures were taken from 127 dry human adult skulls (90 male and 37 female). The measures were taken in millimeters by a digital caliper. Transillumination of the skull with laser or light-emitting diode was used to assess the correspondence of the digastric point in the inner surface of the skull. RESULTS: The mean distance between the digastric point and the sigmoid sulcus in 254 measures was 3.10 mm (SD, 3.11 mm). The digastric point was over the sulcus of the sigmoid sinus in 49.6% of the cases on the right side and in 29.9% of the cases on the left side. The distance between the jugular point and the stylomastoid foramen was smaller on the right side (mean, 8.89 mm; SD, 2.61 mm; P = .041). Comparing genders regardless of side, the distances between the digastric and jugular points and from the jugular point to the stylomastoid foramen were smaller in female skulls (P = .000 and .006, respectively). CONCLUSION: The digastric point may be a useful landmark to expose the sigmoid sinus during suboccipital approaches.

scholarly journals Morphometry of the Digastric Ridge and Its Significance for Mastoid Surgeries—A Cadaveric Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 014556131987049
Author(s):  
David Victor Kumar Irugu ◽  
Anup Singh ◽  
Rajeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Sigmoid Sinus ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Temporal Bone Pneumatization ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Reduced Risk

Objective: Digastric ridge (DR) is an important landmark to locate facial nerve (FN) and sigmoid sinus for mastoid surgeries and transmastoid approaches. We aim to look for the effect of temporal bone pneumatization on the morphometry of the DR and its relation to the adjoining structures. Methods: Temporal bones were harvested from unclaimed cadavers after the approval of the ethical committee. The dissection of the temporal bones was performed under a microscope, and the length of the DR and the distance between the mastoid segment of the FN and the anterior end of DR (FN-DR distance) were measured using a digital caliper. Stata version 14.0 was used to perform the statistical calculations. Results: Ninety-three temporal bones were microdissected (right:left = 47:46; well pneumatized:poorly pneumatized = 58:35). Mean length of the DR was 17.1 mm and was significantly longer in well-pneumatized bones ( P = .0000). The mean distance between the anterior end of the digastric ridge and the mastoid part of the facial nerve was 4 mm. The distance was significantly more in well-pneumatized bones. Conclusion: Prominence and the length of the DR, as well as the FN-DR distance, are significantly more in well-pneumatized bones compared to poorly pneumatized bones. This finding has potential surgical implications with reduced risk of injury to the FN resulting from a conspicuous DR in well-pneumatized bones.

Temporal and spatial characteristics of tonically active neurons of the primate's striatum

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1234-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aosaki ◽  
M. Kimura ◽  
A. M. Graybiel
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Tonic Firing ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Tonically Active Neurons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Conditioning Stimuli ◽  
Visual Light

1. Tonically active neurons (TANs) in the primate striatum develop transient responses to sensory conditioning stimuli during behavioral training in classical conditioning tasks. In this study we examined the temporal characteristics of such TAN responses and mapped the sites of TANs responding to auditory and visual conditioned stimuli in the striatum in macaque monkeys. We further mapped the locations of TANs recorded acutely in the squirrel monkey striatum in relation to the neurochemically distinguished striosome and matrix compartments of the striatum, and made quantitative comparisons between the densities and compartmental distributions of TANs and those of four major types of striatal interneuron identified by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. 2. We made recordings from 858 TANs at different sites in the striatum in two behaving macaque monkeys at different times during training with auditory (click) and visual (light-emitting diode flash) conditioning stimuli. TANs distributed across large parts of the striatum developed responses to the conditioning stimuli. The responses comprised a decrement of tonic firing (pause) followed by a rebound excitation. Measurements were made of the onsets, offsets, and durations of the pauses of individual TANs and of the interspike intervals (ISIs) of the same cells. 3. The mean duration of the pause responses (268.3 ms) was greater than the mean ISI of the same neurons (181 ms), suggesting that the pause represents an active suppression of TAN firing. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the pause responses was 0.28, compared with a CV of 0.63 for the same cells' ISIs. The population CV for the pauses was 0.16, compared with a population CV of 0.20 for the ISIs. These data, together with temporal analysis of the responses and population histograms, suggest that the pauses became temporally aligned across large parts of the striatum after learning. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were carried out to determine whether there were differences in the onset and offset latencies of the pause response or in the durations of the pause responses for TANs at different sites. These analyses suggested that, with rare exceptions, there was no difference in the timing of the TAN responses across large (> 10 mm3) parts of the striatum. 4. Comparisons of TAN responses in different regions of the striatum showed that, for responses to a given modality of conditioned stimulus, there were no significant differences in pause offset times for TANs recorded in the caudate nucleus or putamen, or for TANs recorded in more anterior or more posterior parts of these nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Effect of Double Hole-Transporting Structure on Color Purity of Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (BOLED)

2013 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Kan Lin Chen ◽  
Chien Jung Huang ◽  
Zong Jin Wu ◽  
Chih Chieh Kang ◽  
Wen Ray Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Color Purity ◽  
Television System ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
The Right

A blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a double hole-transporting (DHT) structure has been developed. The blue color purity was improved by modulation the thickness of CBP layer. When the thicknesses of left CBP and right CBP are respectively 8 nm and 2 nm, the more pure blue coordinates are (0.155, 0.079), which are very close to the blue coordinates of the national television system committee (NTSC) standard (0.14, 0.08). Furthermore the current density, brightness and the luminous efficiency of device with the left CBP of 8 nm and the right CBP of 2 nm are respectively 144.7 mA/cm2, 1065 cd/m2 and 0.93 cd/A.

scholarly journals Radiographic Measurement of Cochlear in Sudanese Population using High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Bushara ◽  
Mohamed Yousef ◽  
Ikhlas Abdelaziz ◽  
Mogahid Zidan ◽  
Dalia Bilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

This study aimed to determine the measurements of the cochlea among healthy subjects and hearing deafness subjects using a High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT). A total of 230 temporal bone HRCT cases were retrospectively investigated in the period spanning from 2011 to 2015. Three 64-slice units were used to examine patients with clinical complaints of hearing loss conditions at three Radiology departments in Khartoum, Sudan. For the control group (A) healthy subjects, the mean width of the right and left cochlear were 5.61±0.40 mm and 5.56±0.58 mm, the height were 3.56±0.36 mm and 3.54±0.36 mm, the basal turn width were 1.87±0.19 mm and 1.88 ±0.18 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 2.02±1.23 and 1.93±0.20, cochlear nerve density was 279.41±159.02 and 306.84±336.9 HU respectively. However, for the experimental group (B), the mean width of the right and left cochlear width were 5.38±0.46 mm and 5.34±0.30 mm, the height were 3.53±0.25 mm and 3.49±0.28mm, the basal turn width were 1.76±0.13 mm, and 1.79±0.13 mm, the width of the cochlear nerve canal were 1.75±0.18mm and 1.73±0.18mm, and cochlear nerve density were 232.84±316.82 and 196.58±230.05 HU, respectively. The study found there was a significant difference in cochlea’s measurement between the two groups with a p-value < 0.05. This study had established baseline measurements for the cochlear for the healthy Sudanese population. Furthermore, it found that HRCT of the temporal bone was the best for investigation of the cochlear and could provide a guide for the clinicians to manage congenital hearing loss.

scholarly journals The depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
B. Y. Praveen Kumar ◽  
K. T. Chandrashekhar ◽  
M. K. Veena Pani ◽  
Sunil K. C. ◽  
Anand Kumar S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Cortical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Canal Wall Down ◽  
Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Bones

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The hallmark of the temporal bone is variation. Various important structures like the facial nerve run in the temporal bone at various depths which can be injured during mastoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty wet cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. A cortical mastoidectomy was performed followed by a canal wall down mastoidectomy and the depth of the vertical segment of the facial nerve in the mastoid was determined.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean depth of the second genu was 13.82 mm. The mean depth of the stylomastoid foramen was 12.75 mm and the mean distance from the annulus at 6’0 clock to the stylomastoid foramen was 10.22 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is significant variation in the average depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid. </p>

Morphometric analysis of anatomical relationships of the facial nerve for mastoid surgery

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Aslan ◽  
Cihan Goktan ◽  
Mevlut Okumus ◽  
Serdar Tarhan ◽  
Halis Unlu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Sigmoid Sinus ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mastoid Surgery

Surgical anatomical relationships of the facial nerve (FN) with several landmarks used in mastoid surgery were studied in temporal bone axial high resolution CT scans of 90 patients (180 ears). The shortest distances between the FN and external auditory canal (EAC), sigmoid sinus (SS), posterior fossa dural plate (PFD), and joint of the bony EAC with the lateral surface of the mastoid (M) were measured. These measurements were also analysed in respect of pneumatization and side differences. On average, it was found that FN–EAC was 2.9 mm, FN–SS was 10.5 mm, FN–PFD was 7.3 mm and FN–M was 15.3 mm. FN–EAC was found to be longer in poorly pneumatized bones whereas other distances were longer in pneumatized bones. FN–M was found to be longer on the right side.

scholarly journals Atmega Microcontroller 2560 Based Safety System of Monitor Panel and Controller on a Small Excavator

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Randis Baharuddin ◽  
◽  
Taufik Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Testing Tool ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
The Right

This study aimed to design and build an Atmega Microcontroller 2560 based safety system on a monitor panel and a controller on a small excavator. Atmega 2560 Microcontroller-based alarm technology is the right choice as a solution to prevent theft of monitor panels and controllers on small excavator units, using Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor number 1 in the cabin room, PIR sensor number 2 on the battery, and door switch that is between the cabin and the door, if there is theft in the cabin room, then the alarm will be active, if a theft occurs in the battery then the alarm will be active. The alarm indicator system uses a buzzer (horn) unit, and there is additional lighting in the cabin room with a 24V Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp if the alarm is active. Using an alarm, the risk of losing the monitor panel and controller due to theft on the unit can be prevented. The study results showed that the tool could work appropriately according to the standard testing tool, PIR sensors number 1 and 2 could detect movement or radiation so that the alarm would be active for 15 seconds. The door switch was tested by looking at the alarm condition, if the cabin door were closed when it was in the locked position, the alarm would not be active, but if the door was locked and forcibly opened, then the alarm would be active continuously without stopping until the door was closed again.

scholarly journals Comparison of light emitting diode and compact fluorescent lamp phototherapy in treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharoof M.K. ◽  
Shamshad Ahmed Khan ◽  
Prakash Robert Saldanha ◽  
Reshad Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Total Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Fluorescent Lamp ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Background: High levels of total serum bilirubin can cause life threatening complications in neonates requiring management either with phototherapy or exchange blood transfusion. Most commonly used modality of phototherapy is with blue light. There are many bulbs like fluorescent tubes, halogen spotlights etc. Due to disadvantages of the available bulbs, newer method like light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been investigated as possible alternatives as they produce low heat, has a longer life span with lower energy consumption and rapid reduction of serum bilirubin level. The aim was to compare the efficacy between phototherapy equipped with light emitting diode (LED) to compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among neonates.Methods: A hospital-based intervention study was conducted among 50 neonates born in the hospital during the study period, with gestational age more than equal to 35 weeks, being breastfed and healthy in a private medical college teaching hospital in Dakshina Kannada district from August to September 2016.  Following ethical committee clearance the neonates looking icteric by clinical examination were randomly allocated to receive CFL or LED phototherapy. Baseline, 24 hour total serum bilirubin and rectal temperature was measured.  Results: A total of 50 neonates were randomly allocated into two groups with almost similar characteristics between the two groups with respect to gender, type of delivery and gestational age. The mean bilirubin values (in mg/dl) among neonates in the CFL group and LED group were 14.8 and 15.6 respectively and post 24 hour values were 11.54 and 10.68 respectively. The mean difference in the reduction in the bilirubin values before and after receiving phototherapy between the two groups were significant (p <0.001). The increase in temperature was lesser among LED treatment group.Conclusions: LED therapy is better than the CFL therapy in terms of mean reduction in the total serum bilirubin after a fixed duration of time and lesser raise in temperature among the neonates.  

scholarly journals The design of radiology viewing box using light emitting diode and potentiometer

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Aris Diartama ◽  
Susy Suswaty ◽  
Win Priantoro ◽  
Sugiyanto Sugiyanto ◽  
Sudiyono Sudiyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean

Background: In the process of work to gain the maximum results, a radiologist needs a viewing box tool to read radiographs. Therefore, the authors want to develop a viewing box tool, which in general the work if this tool resembles the factory manufactured tool. The viewing tool box made can adjust the intensity of the light produced.Objective: to create a viewing box tool by using a potentiometer system.Methods: This study used applied research method by creating and using the design of viewing box tool by using a potentiometer system and testing the viewing box tool created by using a Lux meter and 15 respondents consisting of five radiologists and 10 radiographers who should fulfill the questionnaire form.Results: The mean of viewing box illumination reached 220 lux. The results of the questionnaire showed that 100% radiologist gave an A (excellent) and expressed that the viewing box tool created could be used properly and 90% radiographers provided an A (excellent) and expressed that the viewing box tool created could be used properly, while 10% radiographer gave a value of B (moderate).Conclusion: viewing box tool created could be used properly and obtained optimal results as a tool in reading radiographs. Potentiometer system contained in the viewing box was very helpful in reading radiographs because it allowed to adjust the light intensity according to user needs.Keywords       :  Viewing box, Potentiometer Bibliography   : 1980-2011

scholarly journals The gender and side asymmetry of length of the styloid process

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan HT Smit ◽  
H Breen
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Side Asymmetry

The styloid process is a sharp bony projection, at the base of the skull, and part of the temporal bone. Muscles and ligaments are attached to this process, but they are rarely of any clinical significance unless the styloid process is fractured or severely elongated. Pathology of the styloid process is referred to as Eagle’s syndrome. This was after a publication by Eagle (1937) in which he reported a 4% prevalence of elongated styloid processes. Later studies reported much higher percentages of elongated processes. The aims of this study was to investigate the mean length of the styloid process and compare this with what is accepted as the “normal” length after the Eagle publication. The study also looked at evidence of asymmetry between the two sides within the same specimen. Comparison in the lengths between the two sexes were also made. Forty-five styloid processes from 28 different individuals were measured for comparison. The sample group consisted out of 18 males- and 10 female subjects. The lengths of the styloid processes varied from 7.17 – 50.54mm, with a mean of 27.48mm. Styloid processes were on average 0.87mm longer on the right side and 3.12mm longer in the male specimens. This mean length of 27mm supports the claim by Eagle that the “normal” length is around 25mm. Ten out of 25 individuals (40%) exhibited “elongated” styloid processes measuring over 25mm. These findings were higher than those reported by Eagle. Elongated styloid processes are clinically important in order to make the correct diagnosis.Keywords: Styloid process; Eagel’s Syndrome; Elongated (abnormal length) styloid process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document