scholarly journals Sox2 is required for olfactory pit formation and olfactory neurogenesis through BMP restriction and Hes5 upregulation

Development ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. dev153791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamilarasan K. Panaliappan ◽  
Walter Wittmann ◽  
Vijay K. Jidigam ◽  
Sara Mercurio ◽  
Jessica A. Bertolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1896-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt G. Vandervoort ◽  
Kristin N. McLain ◽  
David J. Butcher

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to elucidate monolayer etch pits that form on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) heated in an electrothermal analyzer. Pits form at elevated temperatures due to reactions between oxygen and exposed carbon edge atoms (defects) and additionally with intraplanar carbon atoms (through abstraction). Samples of HOPG without analyte or matrix modifier were placed in the depression of a pure pyrolytic graphite platform and heated by using standard analysis furnace programs. Under argon stop-flow conditions, pits form in less than a second at atomization temperatures equal to and above 1200 °C. With low argon flow rates (40 mL/min), pits formed at atomization temperatures equal to and greater than 1750 °C in less than a second. Quantitative pit formation rates were used to indicate oxygen partial pressure, which may be as high as ∼ 10−3 atm at 1200 °C. Reaction rates were used to predict surface degradation due to oxygen attack and determine that 1-μm depth normal to the surface would be removed by 200 successive 5-second-period furnace firings at 1200 °C. Implications for increases in surface reactivity and analyte intercalation are discussed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Kovtun ◽  
Ya. V. Stepanyuk

Abstract The Development of Olfactory Organ of Lissotriton vulgaris (Amphibia, Caudata). Kovtun, M. F, Stepanyuk, Ya. V. - Using common histological methods, the morphogenesis of olfactory analyzer peripheral part of Lissotriton vulgaris (Amphibia, Caudata) was studied, during the developmental period starting with olfactory pit laying and finishing with definitive olfactory organ formation. Special attention is paid to vomeronasal organ and vomeronasal gland development. Reasoning from obtained data, we consider that vomeronasal organ emerged as the result of olfactory epithelium and nasal cavity differentiation.


1990 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Katz ◽  
S. J. Pearton ◽  
M. Geva

ABSTRACTAn intensive comparison between the efficiency of InP rapid thermal annealing within two types of SiC-coated graphite susceptors and by using the more conventional proximity approach, in providing degradation-free substrate surface morphology, was carried out. The superiority of annealing within a susccptor was clearly demonstrated through the evaluation of AuGe contact performance to carbon-implanted InP substrates, which were annealed to activate the implants prior to the metallization. The susceptor annealing provided better protection against edge degradation, slip formation and better surface morphology, due to the elimination of P outdiffusion and pit formation. The two SiC-coated susceptors that were evaluated differ from each other in their geometry. The first type must be charged with the group V species prior to any annealing cycle. Under the optimum charging conditions, effective surface protection was provided only to one anneal (750°C, 10s) of InP before charging was necessary. The second contained reservoirs for provision of the group V element partial pressure, enabled high temperature annealing at the InP without the need for continual recharging of the susceptor. Thus, one has the ability to subsequentially anneal a lot of InP wafers at high temperatures without inducing any surface deterioration.


2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tan D. Trinh ◽  
Christoph Schade ◽  
Michael Johnson ◽  
Frank E. Talke

2000 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Bartelt

ABSTRACTDetailed analyses of non-equilibrium lattice-gas models of island nucleation and growth during film deposition (or etching) have been invaluable in elucidating basic issues in nucleation theory, deviations from mean-field predictions, and experimental observations. Particularly interesting and useful is the behavior of spatial correlations in the adlayer which develop during island (or pit) formation. In particular, a strong depletion in the population of island pairs at separations smaller than the average follows from depletion in the density of diffusing adspecies near islands. This feature delays percolation of clusters of coalesced islands. Another recently discovered and more subtle feature is a strong correlation between the width of the island-free region surrounding an island and the size and growth rate of that island. This direct correlation between island sizes and separations controls the shape of the island size distribution. If incorporated into rate-equation descriptions, it recovers the exact form of the scaling function for the island size distribution.


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