The signal from fruiting body and conus tips of Dictyostelium discoideum

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Beef Heart ◽  
Fruiting Bodies

Tips from fruiting bodies and conuses were transplanted into interphase fields of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. Progressively increasing concentrations of beef-heart phosphodiesterase added to the fields significantly decreased the chemotactic range of the responding amoebae. The findings suggest that the tip secretes c-AMP. We also find that the chemotactic range is independent of the size of the tip implying that the tip may produce a regulating gradient.

Electrical properties of the slime mould grex

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322
Author(s):  
D. R. Garrod ◽  
J. F. Palmer ◽  
L. Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Electrophysiological Investigation ◽  
Slime Mould ◽  
Cellular Pattern ◽  
Electric Potentials

An electrophysiological investigation of the migrating grex of the slime mould, Dictyostelium discoideum, has been carried out with two aims in view. It was hoped to obtain information which would be relevant to, first, the formation and regulation of cellular pattern in the grex, and secondly, the problem of grex movement. During migration the grex develops a simple, linear cellular pattern. The cells at the front become the so-called ‘prestalk’ cells which will form the stalk of the fruiting body while those at the back become ‘prespore’ cells and form spores at culmination (Raper, 1940; Bonner, 1944; Bonner & Slifkin, 1949). Moreover, this cellular pattern is capable of polarized regulation. Raper (1940) has shown that portions isolated from the front or back of the grex are capable of forming normally proportioned fruiting bodies. A number of workers have suggested that bio-electric potentials may be involved in regulation of linear cellular pattern.

Effect of growth conditions on development of the cellular slime mould, Dictyostelium discoideum

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-479
Author(s):  
D. R. Garrod ◽  
J. M. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Cellular Slime Mould ◽  
Slime Mould ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
The Difference

The effect of growth in the presence and absence of 86 mM glucose on fruiting-body number and size, fruiting-body proportions and morphogenesis in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, strain Ax-2, has been investigated. Cells grown in the absence of glucose (n.s. cells) formed 2·1 times more fruiting bodies than glucose-grown cells allowed to differentiate under the same conditions and at the same cell density. Glucose fruiting bodies were 2·6 times larger than n.s. fruiting bodies. During aggregation, n.s. aggregation streams generally broke up into numerous secondary aggregation centres. Glucose streams generally did not break up but moved into the initial aggregation centre. Each secondary centre formed one small grex, whereas initial centres fragmented into several grexes which were larger than those formed from secondary centres. The preponderance of secondary centres in n.s. aggregation and of initial centres in glucose aggregation accounts for the difference in size and number of fruiting bodies. We speculate about the mechanism giving rise to the morphogenetic difference. The spore: stalk ratio was 3·95:1 in glucose fruiting bodies and 2·70:1 in n.s. fruiting bodies. This difference is not related to the difference in fruiting-body size because proportions are size invariant for both fruiting-body types. Some difference in the physiological mechanism which determines proportions is suspected.

A components study of competition in two cellular slime mold species: Dictyostelium discoideum and Polysphondylium pallidum

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Cellular Slime Mold ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Polysphondylium Pallidum ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
Time Required

The mechanics of a short-term interspecific competitive situation for two species of cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum and Polysphondylium pallidum, were assessed experimentally, modelled mathematically, and linked together to form a computer model, the predictions of which were tested. Five major components in the model were exploitation, toxic interference, effect of physical factors or external forces, availability of resources, and number of potential competitors engaged in exploitation and interference. The exploitation component depended upon time required for spore germination, rate and form of amoeba colony expansion, time required for fruiting body production, and rate and form of fruiting body colony expansion.Both species interfered with the other's ability to form fruiting bodies. In mixed cultures, D. discoideum amoebae divided and consumed food between 9° and 27 °C but did not produce fruiting bodies above 24 °C. In mixed cultures, P. pallidum amoebae divided and consumed food between 18° and 37 °C but did not produce fruiting bodies below 24 °C. Temperature altered the parameter values of all subcomponents contributing to exploitation and interference. Numbers altered interference ability. A computer model for predicting area occupied by fruiting bodies of both species was used to run 324 simulations and was accurate in 90.1% of the cases.

Cooperation induces other cooperation: Fruiting bodies promote the evolution of macrocysts in Dictyostelium discoideum

2017 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Shibasaki ◽  
Yuka Shirokawa ◽  
Masakazu Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Bodies

scholarly journals A Putative Ariadne-Like Ubiquitin Ligase Is Required for Dictyostelium discoideum Development

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1820-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Whitney ◽  
Lacey J. Pearson ◽  
Ryan Lunsford ◽  
Lisa McGill ◽  
Richard H. Gomer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Numbers

ABSTRACT The Dictyostelium rbrA gene encodes a putative Ariadne ubiquitin ligase. rbrA − cells form defective slugs that cannot phototax. Prestalk cell numbers are reduced in rbrA − slugs, and these prestalk cells do not localize to the tip of slugs. Chimeric slugs containing wild-type cells could phototax and form fruiting bodies.

scholarly journals Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo G Nagy ◽  
Peter Jan Vonk ◽  
Markus Kunzler ◽  
Csenge Foldi ◽  
Mate Viragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Fruiting Body Development

Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are among the most complex structures produced by fungi. Unlike vegetative hyphae, fruiting bodies grow determinately and follow a genetically encoded developmental program that orchestrates tissue differentiation, growth and sexual sporulation. In spite of more than a century of research, our understanding of the molecular details of fruiting body morphogenesis is limited and a general synthesis on the genetics of this complex process is lacking. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively identify conserved genes related to fruiting body morphogenesis and distill novel functional hypotheses for functionally poorly characterized genes. As a result of this analysis, we report 921 conserved developmentally expressed gene families, only a few dozens of which have previously been reported in fruiting body development. Based on literature data, conserved expression patterns and functional annotations, we provide informed hypotheses on the potential role of these gene families in fruiting body development, yielding the most complete description of molecular processes in fruiting body morphogenesis to date. We discuss genes related to the initiation of fruiting, differentiation, growth, cell surface and cell wall, defense, transcriptional regulation as well as signal transduction. Based on these data we derive a general model of fruiting body development, which includes an early, proliferative phase that is mostly concerned with laying out the mushroom body plan (via cell division and differentiation), and a second phase of growth via cell expansion as well as meiotic events and sporulation. Altogether, our discussions cover 1480 genes of Coprinopsis cinerea, and their orthologs in Agaricus bisporus, Cyclocybe aegerita, Armillaria ostoyae, Auriculariopsis ampla, Laccaria bicolor, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus tigrinus, Mycena kentingensis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Schizophyllum commune, providing functional hypotheses for ~10% of genes in the genomes of these species. Although experimental evidence for the role of these genes will need to be established in the future, our data provide a roadmap for guiding functional analyses of fruiting related genes in the Agaricomycetes. We anticipate that the gene compendium presented here, combined with developments in functional genomics approaches will contribute to uncovering the genetic bases of one of the most spectacular multicellular developmental processes in fungi. Key words: functional annotation; comparative genomics; cell wall remodeling; development; fruiting body morphogenesis; mushroom; transcriptome

scholarly journals Arcyria versicolor of western mountains, U.S.A. (Myxomycetes: Trichiales: Trichiaceae): a morphological and taxonomic study with observations of nivicolous species

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-459
Author(s):  
Harold W. Keller ◽  
Relf L. Price ◽  
Billy G. Stone ◽  
Edward D. Forrester
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
History Of

Arcyria versicolor (Trichiales: Trichiaceae) is a distinct myxomycete species described by William Phillips in 1877. The genus Arcyria dates back to Linnaeus in 1753 through the species A. denudata. Arcyria sporangia are brightly colored red, yellow, grey or white, mostly stalked, often in large groups easily seen with the naked eye. Approximately 54 species are known, many are common, and distributed worldwide. Collectors often encounter these colorful species on decaying logs as clusters of many sporangia often covering extensive areas. Arcyria versicolor, collected in the Valles Caldera National Preserve located in the Jemez Mountains of north central New Mexico, is a new record for the state. The nomenclatural history of this species is reviewed and the justification for selection of the species name versicolor is discussed. Arcyria versicolor is accepted as the valid species name and A. vitellina a synonym after examination of type specimens. Environmental parameters for coloration are discussed in general for fruiting bodies of Arcyria and more specifically for nivicolous snowbank species. Transitional stages of plasmodial color to mature fruiting body formation are described for Arcyria versicolor. More than 140 specimens of Arcyria versicolor fruiting bodies were examined with light microscopy and in part illustrated with multifocal computer stacked imaging. Higher magnifications were highlighted using scanning electron microscopy. A more complete and accurate species description is provided for Arcyria versicolor. Differences of fruiting body morphology including habit, color, dehiscence, peridial inner and outer surface features, capillitial ornamentation and size, spore color, size, and ornamentation, and stalk spore-like bodies are described and illustrated. Observation of type specimens from the type locality is illustrated, discussed, and nomenclatural evaluation given for the name selected. Mountain myxomycetes are reviewed based on the observations of T.H. Macbride and his early 1914 paper published in Mycologia. Collection data is presented that compares the dark-spored and light spored nivicolous myxomycetes in the French Alps. The history of renown collectors of nivicolous myxomycetes in western mountains of U.S.A. documents the discovery and study of this special ecological group of myxomycetes. This current paper is the first in a series from an ongoing research project entitled Myxomycetes of New Mexico.

scholarly journals Social selection within aggregative multicellular development drives morphological evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1963) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco La Fortezza ◽  
Gregory J. Velicer
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Multicellular Development ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Complex Forms

Aggregative multicellular development is a social process involving complex forms of cooperation among unicellular organisms. In some aggregative systems, development culminates in the construction of spore-packed fruiting bodies and often unfolds within genetically and behaviourally diverse conspecific cellular environments. Here, we use the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus to test whether the character of the cellular environment during aggregative development shapes its morphological evolution. We manipulated the cellular composition of Myxococcus development in an experiment in which evolving populations initiated from a single ancestor repeatedly co-developed with one of several non-evolving partners—a cooperator, three cheaters and three antagonists. Fruiting body morphology was found to diversify not only as a function of partner genotype but more broadly as a function of partner social character, with antagonistic partners selecting for greater fruiting body formation than cheaters or the cooperator. Yet even small degrees of genetic divergence between distinct cheater partners sufficed to drive treatment-level morphological divergence. Co-developmental partners also determined the magnitude and dynamics of stochastic morphological diversification and subsequent convergence. In summary, we find that even just a few genetic differences affecting developmental and social features can greatly impact morphological evolution of multicellular bodies and experimentally demonstrate that microbial warfare can promote cooperation.

scholarly journals Selenium speciation and biological characteristics of selenium-rich Bailing mushroom, Pleurotus tuoliensis

2018 ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Yajie Zou, Fang Du, Haijun Zhang, Qingxiu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Selenium Speciation ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Mycelia Growth

Nowadays the study of selenium-rich mushrooms is very popular. In the present study, selenium speciation in fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis was investigated in cultivation substrates with different concentrations of sodium selenite, as well as mycelia growth and mushroom development. The results showed that the P. tuoliensis mycelia appeared good tolerance to selenium at all test concentrations. A selenium concentration of 10 mg/kg promoted fruiting of P. tuoliensis; the fruiting bodies were of good quality and had a low malformation rate. HPLC–ICP-MS determined that organic seleniums enriched in stipes and caps existed mainly in the form of selenoCystine and selenoMethionine at selenium concentrations of 10-100 mg/kg. These findings suggest that P. tuoliensis could be developed as a selenium-rich mushroom product for use as a novel dietary source of bioavailable supplemental selenium.

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