Experiments in vitro on the Role of Movement in the Development of Joints

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
G. Lelkes
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Joint Formation ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Early Formation ◽  
Further Development

It has been pointed out by Fell & Canti (1934) as a result of their experiments in vitro concerning the early formation of the avian limb skeleton and kneejoint, that the appearance of the articular rudiment is independent of the bloodand nerve-supply as well as of mechanical influences. These authors believe that the formation of articular surfaces occurs in consequence of the differential growth of the scleroblastema (the ‘Anlage’ of the limb skeleton, skeletal rudiment) the essential factor in joint formation being the association of undifferentiated tissue with the rapidly growing chondrification centres. They emphasize, however, that only the earlier stages of joint formation can be obtained in vitro, the conditions of cultivation are not adequate for the further development of the joints. The articular rudiment disappears by secondary fusion of the cartilages of the limb skeleton.

Role of total antioxidant capacity in the differential growth of human embryos in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bedaiwy ◽  
Ashok Agarwal ◽  
Tamer M. Said ◽  
Jeffery M. Goldberg ◽  
Rakesh K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Differential growth of human embryos in vitro: Role of total antioxidant capacity

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. S195-S196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Bedaiwy ◽  
A. Agarwal ◽  
T.M. Said ◽  
S. Worley ◽  
J. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Total Antioxidant

The role of bone morphogenetic proteins in articular cartilage development, homeostasis and repair

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Oshin ◽  
M. C. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Articular Chondrocyte ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Joint Formation ◽  
Cartilage Development

SummaryBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily of secreted ligands. BMPs regulate a diverse range of developmental processes during embryogenesis and postnatal development, and control the differentiation of several musculoskeletal tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon and ligaments. The ability of BMPs to modulate the phenotype of cells in these tissue lineages suggests that these factors could be valuable for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. In fact, BMPs-2 and -7 are already in clinical use for bone regeneration. This review addresses the signaling mechanisms by which BMPs regulate cellular processes, the role of BMPs in articular cartilage development and joint formation, and the data that supports the use of BMPs for in vitro phenotypic support of articular chondrocyte cultures, chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and articular cartilage repair. Given the documented importance of BMP activity for normal joint formation, articular cartilage development and maintenance, the chondrogenic activity of BMPs when applied to MSC cultures and the encouraging outcomes of several in vivo cartilage repair studies, BMP therapies hold considerable promise for effective cartilage repair and/or regeneration. Future advances in the control of BMP elution from biocompatible matrices and prolonged, dose-controlled BMP expression by genetically engineered cells should substantially improve cartilage repair strategies using BMPs and similar chondro-protective proteins.

Differential growth of human embryos in vitro: Role of reactive oxygen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Bedaiwy ◽  
Tommaso Falcone ◽  
Maher S. Mohamed ◽  
Abdel A.N. Aleem ◽  
Rakesh K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Differential Growth

scholarly journals The role of criminalistics in protecting assisted reproductive technologies from criminal risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
N. V. Kruchinina
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Further Development

The situation is analyzed in the article associated with an increase in the number of infertile couples, with the problems of determining reproductive human rights, with their protection and regulation. It is concluded that assisted reproductive technologies (in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, etc.) are effective methods of treating infertility. In the article the different points of view on human rights of reproduction are analyzed. It justifies the need to protect reproductive health. The number of cases of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Russia is increasing every year. Legislation governing legal relations in this area needs further development. The role of criminalistics in this process is determined. A review of foreign legislation, regulating the field of assisted reproductive technologies is represented. An attempt is made to determine the list of crimes against human rights of reproduction and to consider them as an object of criminalistic research. The task of criminalistics is the development of effective technical, tactical and methodical recommendations for the detection and investigation crimes against human rights. This study is carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research in the framework of the research project № 18-29-14084. 

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO-INFLUENZA VIRUS SYSTEM

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Paucker ◽  
Werner Henle
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Allantoic Cavity

The role of inactivated influenza virus in the von Magnus phenomenon has been studied by exposing standard virus preparations in vitro to 37°C. for periods up to 6 or more days. The rate of inactivation of the infectious property of the line of PR8 virus employed was found to be approximately 1.1 log10 unit per day, denoting a half-life of 6½ hours. The rate of inactivation was similar in the allantoic cavity of chick embryos. On allantoic passage of such heated seeds without dilution it was seen that with a decrease in the infectivity of the inocula proportionately less infectious virus was found in the harvests. The yields of hemagglutinins were much less affected, and thus ID50/HA ratios of as low as 101.0 were observed in the 24 hour harvests. The ratios of the yields always equalled or were higher than those of the inocula. On 100- or 1000-fold dilution of the heated seeds standard virus was obtained. Growth curves in intact chick embryos or in deembryonated eggs (differential yields) revealed that non-infectious hemagglutinins appeared in the tissues or were liberated therefrom as soon as any virus activity became detectable. Furthermore, once maximal liberation had been established, infectious virus and non-infectious hemagglutinins were released for extended periods of time at nearly constant rates and in unchanging proportions, the latter depending upon the seed employed. Heated standard virus and undiluted passage seeds (von Magnus), selected on the basis of similar ID50 and HA concentrations, failed to yield similar results in differential growth curves in deembryonated eggs. Although the hemagglutinin titers in the 2-hourly harvests were nearly identical, the undiluted passage seeds produced as little as 1 per cent of the infectious virus which was derived from the heated inocula. Thus considerable differences exist between the 2 types of seeds.

scholarly journals Experiments on the development in vitro of the avian knee-joint

1934 ◽  
Vol 116 (799) ◽  
pp. 316-351 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Formation ◽  
Characteristic Shape ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Common Block ◽  
Development In Vitro

The subject of joint-formation, about which there has been much speculation and conflicting hypothesis, involves two main problems: (1) He question whether the characteristic shape of the articular surfaces is due to extrinsic or intrinsic factors. (2)The question how two opposing bone rudiments developing from a common block of mesoderm are able to separate and form two movable, independent units, instead of developing in continuity.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

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