scholarly journals Free Amino Acids as Regulators of Osmotic Pressure in Aquatic Insect Larvae

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Aquatic Insect Larvae

Microanalytical techniques are used to show that organic molecules play an important role is osmoregulation. Changes in the inorganic ion composition of haemolymph from fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti are correlated with the changes in the concentration of organic ions. Free amino acids have a significant role in regulating haemolymph osmotic pressure with respect to the osmotic pressure of the water in which the animal lives. Mechanisms by which amino acid levels could respond to changes in salt concentration are discussed.

Correlation between osmoregulation and cell volume regulation

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. R768-R773
Author(s):  
M. A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation

The euryhaline crab, Callinectes sapidus, behaves both as an osmoregulator when equilibrated in salines in the range of 800 mosM and below and an osmoconformer when equilibrated in salines above 800 mosM. There exists a close correlation between osmoregulation seen in the whole animal in vivo and cell volume regulation studied in vitro. Hyperregulation of the hemolymph osmotic pressure and cell volume regulation both occurred in salines at approximately 800 mosM and below. During long-term equilibration of the crabs to a wide range of saline environments, the total concentration of hemolymph amino acids plus taurine remained below 3 mM. During the first 6 h after an acute osmotic stress to the whole animal, the hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na activity gradually decreased, whereas the free amino acids remained below 3 mM. As the hemolymph osmotic pressure decreased below approximately 850 mosM, the amino acid level began to increase to 17-25 mM. This change was primarily due to increases in glycine, proline, taurine, and alanine. The likely source of the increase in hemolymph free amino acids in vivo is the free amino acid loss from muscle cells observed during cell volume regulation in vitro.

EFFECT OF CORTISOL TREATMENT ON FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS IN RATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DE LOECKER ◽  
M. L. STAS
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

SUMMARY Changes in the concentrations of free amino acids in intracellular fluids and blood plasma were measured in rats treated with cortisol. Increasing age raised the concentrations of free amino acids in plasma, while in liver, with the exception of glycine and alanine, decreased concentrations were observed. Cortisol treatment reduced free amino acid levels in plasma and liver which suggested a progressive catabolism of body proteins and increased protein synthesis in the liver. In skeletal muscle of control rats the free amino acid concentrations increased during the experimental period. Cortisol increased the concentration of certain amino acids and decreased that of others due to an increased protein turnover in muscle.

Effect of Acclimatization to High Temperature on the Blood Chloride, Free Amino Acids and Osmotic Pressure in the Freshwater Field Crab Paratelphusa Sp. and the Freshwater Mussel Lamellidens Marginalis

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
KANDULA PAMPAPATHI RAO ◽  
R. RAMACHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Metabolic Compensation

Acclimatization of the freshwater field crab, Paratelphusa, to high temperature results in a decrease in the chloride, free amino acids and osmotic pressure of the blood. Following similar acclimatization the freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis unlike the crab, shows a considerable increase in the blood chloride as well as the free amino acids, while the total osmotic pressure increases relatively little. These results are discussed and it is suggested that the ionic and osmotic gradient between the milieu intérieur and the protoplasm of the cells might be important in the metabolic compensation to temperature.

A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE ON FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THEBLOOD PLASMA OF CHICKS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsang-Cheng Shao ◽  
D. C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

As previously reported, an increased concentration of plasma free amino acids, particularly lysine and threonine, was found when chicks were fasted for 24 hours. This increase was suppressed where a nonprotein diet was fed. Dextrose as the chief energy source in the nonprotein diet was more effective than shortening or lard in this respect. However, the degree to which the two energy sources differed was less where birds were adapted to the utilization of fat by feeding a diet rich in fat for a considerable time before making the comparison. Insulin administration to fasted chicks was found to lower plasma amino acid levels. The possible influence of interrelationships among dextrose, fat, and insulin on plasma amino acid levels is discussed.

scholarly journals Irradiation of mixed ices as a laboratory cometary model

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S251) ◽  
pp. 447-448
Author(s):  
Maria Colin-Garcia ◽  
Alicia Negrón-Mendoza ◽  
Sergio Ramos-Bernal ◽  
Elizabeth Chacon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Cometary Nuclei ◽  
Icy Bodies

AbstractIcy bodies in space are being irradiated continuously by ionizing radiation. Therefore, the transformation of organic molecules trapped in extraterrestrial ices might have been possible. This work studied a bulk irradiation of a mixture of some constituents of cometary nuclei. The results show that the formation of different compounds, among them ammonia, carbon dioxide, amines, ureas, free amino acids, and oligomeric material, yields carboxylic acids, amino acids, and purines upon hydrolysis.

scholarly journals The dynamics of free amino acids in the grains Tripogon chinensis (Franch.) Hack. when germinating in the conditions of the osmotic stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00033
Author(s):  
Irina Plyaskina ◽  
Evgenii Bondarevich ◽  
Igor Boriskin ◽  
Natalia Kotsyurzhinskaya ◽  
Ludmila Ishina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Protective Signaling ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Arginine Concentration ◽  
Adaptive Reaction

The content of free amino acids in seeds and sprouts of T. chinensis in the control and at an osmotic pressure of 5 atm. was determined. The group of acidic and basic amino acids predominates in seeds. An adaptive reaction to a physiological drought is the transformation of the free amino acids metabolism. This is expressed in an increase in the total amount of free amino acids at the osmotic pressure of 5 atm., providing the osmotic component of adaptation. Under the conditions of the osmotic stress, the concentration of acidic and basic amino acids increases up to 48 hours, this may be due to the continued hydrolysis of reserve proteins. Under the influence of the osmotic stress there are changes in the group of amino acids, the metabolic precursor of which is glutamic acid. The amino acids, a part of this group, exhibit protective, signaling properties. Thus, the increase in the arginine concentration and ornithine is noted; this indicates the activation of the ornithine cycle and on the increase of amino acids catabolism. The revealed features can ensure the successful germination of T. chinensis grains under the conditions of the physiological drought.

scholarly journals Effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on free amino acid levels in rat plasma and liver with burn

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Berdyshev ◽  
N.M. Gulaya ◽  
A.A. Chumak ◽  
N.L. Kindruk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Water Suspension ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intact Rats

The effect of the endocannabinoid congener N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on the content of plasma and liver free amino acids in burned rats was studied. The animals after the thermal burn of the skin received per os during 7 days the water suspension of NSE in the doze 10 mg/kg of body weight. In the other group of rats the suspension was applied on the wound (the concentration of NSE was 10 mg/ml). In experimental animals the total amount of free amino acids in plasma decreased after burn while the total amount of free amino acids in liver significantly increased. In burn animals the ratio of plasma and liver Phe/Tyr and Gly/Val was found to be augmented while the Fischer ratio (Ile+Leu+Val/Phe+Tyr) diminished compared with intact rats. It was shown for the first time that NSE caused normalization of the concentration of some free amino acids and of Phe/Tyr, Gly/Val ratios, and the Fischer ratio in blood plasma and liver of rats with the burn injury.Altogether, these data demonstrate that NSE possesses adaptogenic properties, and is involved in the organism response to a burn. These findings suggest possibility of NSE usage for burn treatment.

scholarly journals The variation in amino acid levels in the blood plasma of breeding roosters during sexual maturation*

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
V. Večerek ◽  
L. Máchal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Abstract. The paper provides an overview of results obtained in the study of variation in free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of breeding roosters (RIR 05 line) during sexual maturation (in the 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th weeks of age). The results prove that dynamic changes in free amino acid concentrations in blood plasma are connected with the sexual maturation of breeding roosters. During this period the concentrations of each particular free amino acid varied at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01. Furthermore, in most cases the plasma concentrations of free amino acids in the 10th and 15th week were higher in comparison with those in the 20th and 25th week. Interestingly, the concentrations of individual free amino acids ranged over a wide interval (units, tens and hundreds of μmol/l). In this respect the free amino acids in plasma can be divided into three groups. The first group consisted of amino acids that occurred at low molar concentration (up to 100 μmol/l): cysteic acid, aspartic acid, α-aminoadipic acid, methionine, isoleucine, γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-methylhistidine, tryptophan and ornitine. The second group included amino acids occurring at medium to high molar concentration (100–300 μmol/l): taurine, glutamine, 1/2 cystine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine. Finally, the third group contained threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine and alanine that were present at high molar concentrations (above 300 μmol/l). Analyses of plasma in the period from the 10th to 25th week detected dynamic changes in levels of individual free amino acids and showed that the total content of these amino acids gradually decreased to the following mean values: 5 685.00 μmol/l in the 10th week, 5 076.21 μmol/l in the 15th week, 4 384.78 μmol/l in the 20th week and 4 793.30 μmol/l in the 25th week.

Betaines and free amino acids in salt stressed vitroplants and winter resting buds of Populus trichocarpa x deltoides

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bray ◽  
D. Chriqui ◽  
K. Gloux ◽  
D. Le Rudulier ◽  
M. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa
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