Honeydew sugars and osmoregulation in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (15) ◽  
pp. 2137-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Wilkinson ◽  
D Ashford ◽  
J Pritchard ◽  
A Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Aphid Honeydew

Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, containing their symbiotic bacteria (untreated aphids) and experimentally deprived of their bacteria by treatment with the antibiotic rifampicin (antibiotic-treated aphids) were reared on the plant Vicia faba. The sugars in the honeydew produced by untreated aphids comprised predominantly the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, while the honeydew of antibiotic-treated aphids contained considerable amounts of oligosaccharides of up to 16 hexose units. The honeydew and haemolymph of the aphids were iso-osmotic, and their osmotic pressure was significantly lower in untreated aphids (0.91­0.95 MPa) than in antibiotic-treated aphids (1.01­1.05 MPa) (P<0.05). For insects reared on chemically defined diets containing 0.15­1.0 mol l-1 sucrose (osmotic pressure 1.1­4.0 MPa), the osmotic pressure of the aphid haemolymph did not vary with dietary osmotic pressure, but was regulated to approximately 1.0 MPa in untreated and 1.3 MPa in antibiotic-treated aphids. The sugars in the aphid honeydew varied with dietary sucrose concentration; with monosaccharides dominant at low concentrations and oligosaccharides dominant at high concentrations of dietary sucrose. The lowest dietary sucrose concentration at which honeydew oligosaccharides were detected was 0.2 mol l-1 for the antibiotic-treated aphids and 0.3 mol l-1 for untreated aphids. These data indicate that the aphid, and not its associated microbiota, mediates the synthesis of oligosaccharides when the osmotic pressure of the ingesta is high.

INFLUENCE OF STARVATION ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION IN APTEROUS VIRGINOPARAE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Kouamé ◽  
M. Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Growth Development

AbstractThe influence of nutrient stress on growth, development, and reproduction in apterous virginoparae of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was investigated in the laboratory. We tested the hypothesis that species with a high reproductive investment have low resistance to starvation. Aphids in two groups were starved daily from birth for 4 h and 6 h, respectively, and compared with feeding counterparts reared on leaves of broad beans, Vicia faba L. Aphid wet weight increased as an exponential function of age in all groups. Starved aphids had lower adult weight and required longer from birth to parturition than feeding aphids. These effects increased with the length of daily starvation. The number of offspring produced was correlated with adult dry weight. Aphids were unable to compensate, or to compensate completely, for water and nutrient loss resulting from starvation. It is suggested that pea aphids allocate resources first to maintenance and then to reproduction when deprived of food.

Note on Fecundity of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Caged on Plants of Broad Bean, Vicia faba L., Treated with Various Plant Growth Regulators

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Insect Populations

The effect on insect populations of the widespread use of plant growth regulators and herbicides is a neglected field. Fox (1948) reported on a relationship between the use of 2,4-D and wireworm damage to wheat. Putnam (1949) suggested that 2,4-D could be an environmental factor in the ecology of grasshoppers. A recent report (Maxwell and Harwood, 1958) indicates that even slight dosages of 2,4-D increase the rate of reproduction of pea aphids on broad beans. This note is a preliminary report on similar investigations with the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and broad bean, Vicia faba L.

scholarly journals The aphid BCR4 structure and activity uncover a new defensin peptide superfamily

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Loth ◽  
Nicolas Parisot ◽  
Francoise Paquet ◽  
Catherine Sivignon ◽  
Isabelle Rahioui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
New Class ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Nymphal Growth ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Potential Use

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are among the most injuring insects for agricultural plants and their management is a great challenge in agronomical research. A new class of proteins, called Bacteriocyte-specific Cysteine-Rich (BCR), provides an alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control. BCRs have been initially identified in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. They are small disulfide bond-rich proteins expressed exclusively in aphid bacteriocytes, the insect derived cells that host intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Here, we show that one out of the A. pisum BCRs, BCR4, displays an outstanding insecticidal activity against the pea aphid, impairing insect survival and nymphal growth, providing evidence for its potential use as a new biopesticides. Our comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis indicate that BCRs seem restricted to the aphid lineage. The 3D structure of the BCR4 reveals that this peptide belongs to a yet unknown structural class of peptides and defines a new superfamily of defensins.

SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN MANITOBA FIELD PEAS

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Maiteki ◽  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
S.T. Ali-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Pea Aphids

AbstractPea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled from 1980 to 1983 in field peas, Pisum sativum (L.), in Manitoba. Sweep and foliage samples were taken in commercial fields and plots. Aphids were found in late May or early June soon after the crop emerged, but populations were low throughout June. Populations increased in July, when the crop was flowering and producing pods, and peaked in the latter half of July or early August in 3 of the 4 years, when pods were maturing. Populations decreased rapidly after the peak, as the plants senesced. In 1980, a drought year, aphid densities were low and the populations peaked in the middle of August. From 1981 to 1983, densities exceeded the economic threshold in all commercial fields and all but one of the plots that were sampled.

COMPARISON OF SWEEP-NET AND STEM-COUNT TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING PEA APHIDS IN ALFALFA

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-347
Author(s):  
G. David Buntin ◽  
David J. Isenhour
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Sweep Net

The accuracy, precision and efficiency of stem-count and sweep-net techniques were compared for sampling the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in alfalfa. Density estimates by both techniques were highly correlated (r = 0.87). Both techniques were similar in sample precision and efficiency, but stem counts provided more accurate density estimates than the sweep net technique. The stem count technique is an accurate and efficient alternative to the sweep net for sampling pea aphids in alfalfa.

scholarly journals Infection Dynamic of Symbiotic Bacteria in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Gut and Host Immune Response at the Early Steps in the Infection Process

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0122099 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Renoz ◽  
Christine Noël ◽  
Abdelmounaim Errachid ◽  
Vincent Foray ◽  
Thierry Hance
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Infection Dynamic

FABA BEAN: LOW RESISTANCE TO PEA APHIDS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN ELEVEN CULTIVARS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. FRAZER ◽  
D. RAWORTH ◽  
T. GOSSARD
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans

Eleven cultivars of faba beans and one of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were bioassayed for resistance to pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) by determining the fecundity, survival and developmental rate of the aphid on each cultivar. None of the cultivars tested, including the three licensed for production in Canada, possess any significant resistance, although they differ in susceptibility.

Escape behaviour of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in response to alarm pheromone and vibration

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2245-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clegg ◽  
C. A. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Escape Responses

Pea aphids respond most effectively to the threat of a predator by walking away or dropping from their host plant. Simulating threat by using vibration and alarm pheromone, both separately and together, we found no evidence that escape responses are heritable, nor that individual aphids have characteristic escape behaviours. On the contrary, the amount of alarm pheromone influenced responses: the more pheromone, the more likely an immediate and effective escape. Vibration preceding alarm pheromone greatly increased responsiveness to pheromone, and aphids were more responsive to pheromone after vibration when feeding on stems than when feeding on the undersides of leaves.

Pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, cornicle ontogeny as an adaptation to differential predation risk

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2131-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B Mondor ◽  
Bernard D Roitberg
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Alarm Signaling ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Pea Aphids

Aphids possess unique anatomical structures called cornicles through which a defensive secretion containing alarm pheromone is often emitted when a predator attacks an aphid. The levels of alarm pheromone in cornicle droplets from the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), vary considerably during development; however, it is not clear how the length of the cornicle changes during ontogeny. The length of the cornicle relative to the lengths of other body structures may have profound effects on aphid defense and alarm signal diffusion. Using previously published morphological measurements of pea aphids and observing interactions between pea aphids and multicolored Asian ladybird beetles, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, it was observed that pea aphid cornicles elongate proportionally more than other body parts during the first four instars, when alarm-pheromone levels have peaked, than during the fifth (adult) instar, when pheromone levels decline. Pea aphids also are more likely to emit cornicle droplets and daub them onto a predator when the cornicles are undergoing such rapid growth. We suggest that because of a high risk of predation, rapid cornicle growth in juveniles has evolved both for individual defense and for the inclusive fitness benefits of alarm signaling.

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