Maturation of muscle properties and its hormonal control in an adult insect

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (20) ◽  
pp. 3531-3545
Author(s):  
Uwe Rose ◽  
Michael Ferber ◽  
Reinhold Hustert
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional

SUMMARY The oviposition of female locusts requires longitudinal muscles to tolerate remarkable lengthening. Whether this ability together with concomitant properties develops during maturation or is present throughout life was investigated. The properties of the locust abdominal muscles involved in oviposition behaviour were investigated with respect to their maturation, segment- and gender-specificity and regulation by juvenile hormone (JH). Muscles from the sixth abdominal segment (an oviposition segment) of mature females (>18 days old) were able to tolerate large extensions (>8 mm). At this length, muscles were still able to generate considerable neurally evoked twitch tension. In contrast, muscle fibres from females less than 5 days old did not tolerate extension of more than 4 mm. At this length, tension generation was negligible. The maximum tension generated at different stimulus frequencies was significantly higher in muscles of females more than 18 days old than in females less than 5 days old. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of muscle fibres increased significantly during reproductive development. Current-clamp recordings from denervated muscle fibres of females more than 18 days old revealed their ability to generate overshooting action potentials. The potentials were tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive (0.5 μmol l–1 TTX), but were blocked by Cd2+ (50 μmol l–1) or nifedipine (50 μmol l–1), which suggests the involvement of L-type Ca2+ channels. Action potentials recorded from females less than 5 days old differed considerably in amplitude and shape from those recorded from females more than 18 days old, suggesting their maturation during the first 2 weeks of adult life. Inactivation of the corpora allata (CA) by precocene inhibited the maturation of these muscle properties, whereas injection of JH into precocene-treated females reversed this effect. Homologous muscles from the third abdominal segment (a non-oviposition segment, M169) and muscles from males (M214) revealed no comparable changes, although some minor changes occurred during reproductive development. The results suggest a gender- and segment-specific maturation of muscle properties that is related to reproductive behaviour and controlled by JH.

Normal and Induced Degeneration of Abdominal Muscles during Metamorphosis in the Lepidoptera

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
L. H. FINLAYSON
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Degeneration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Central Innervation ◽  
Denervated Muscles ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

Certain segmental units of the three main longitudinal muscle-bands in the abdomen of the larva of Galleria, Platysamia, Telea, Antheraea, and Samia (Philosamia) do not degenerate during the histolytic phase in the prepupa and early pupa. In the 3rd abdominal segment the amount of muscle that persists is variable; in the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments, invariable. Apart from single pairs of transverse muscles in the 2nd and 3rd segments and those of the gut and heart there are no other muscles in the pupa. Vestiges of degenerated muscles are often found in the pupa. The longitudinal muscles which survive the transformation of the pupa into the adult degenerate during the first 2 days of adult life. Experiments were made on larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults in attempts to influence muscle-degeneration and muscle-persistence. Extirpation of ganglia or severance of nerves in larvae and prepupae of Galleria caused the normally persistent muscles to degenerate during pupation. Controls in which larvae were dissected before pupation revealed no degeneration of denervated muscles. In saturniids denervation also resulted in degeneration or atrophy but only after a much longer period, a matter of several weeks instead of several days. Muscles may be affected by extirpation of ganglia or severance of nerves in segments preceding their own segment. Previous workers have shown that the growth of the new adult muscles is dependent on the influence of the central nervous system. This is not so in the case of sheets of fine muscle-fibres lying under the epidermis of the adult. They develop in the absence of central innervation. Operations which had no effect on muscle-degeneration in the adult included extirpation of ganglia in pupa and adult, beheading and bleeding, extirpation of corpora allata plus corpora cardiaca, ligations, extirpation of pupal gonads, and isolation of adult abdomens. Substitution of blood from diapausing pupae or saline for the adult blood in isolated abdomens was effective in slowing the process of muscle-degeneration. This result shows that the blood composition is of importance in the process of histolysis in the adult. The previous work on the physiology of insect histolysis is briefly reviewed. The influence of the nervous system as described in this paper is discussed and related to similar findings in other arthropods and in vertebrates.

The chemical acceleration of the maturation process and its hormonal control in the male of the desert locust

1961 ◽  
Vol 153 (952) ◽  
pp. 380-397 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Desert Locust ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Lipophilic Substance ◽  
Combined Action

The gregarious male of the desert locust shows a characteristic colour change during adult life; it is light brown and pink when immature, and bright yellow when mature. A mature, yellow male is able to accelerate the maturation process of young locusts by secreting a volatile substance which is produced in the epidermis and transmitted to the recipients by olfaction through the antennae and by contact over the body surface. The presence of this lipophilic substance is indicated by a vibration reaction, in which antennae, palpi and hind femora take part (Loher 1959). The volatile material can be extracted and preserved in oil and fat solvents. Extirpation and implantation of the corpora allata have demonstrated that in the male these endocrine glands are in control of sexual maturation and some associated processes, such as the production of the epidermal secretory substance, the colour change, the development of the accessory glands and the acceleration of maturation which results from wounding. The possibilities of combined action between the corpora allata and the epidermal secretory substance are discussed.

scholarly journals How flexible is the neural control of muscle properties?

1985 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Edgerton ◽  
T. P. Martin ◽  
S. C. Bodine ◽  
R. R. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Metabolic Properties

The issue addressed in this paper is to what extent are selected physiological properties and associated protein systems of muscle fibres controlled or regulated by neuronal systems. One extreme position would be that all muscle proteins are controlled completely by the neural system that innervates the muscle. The opposite position would be that none of the muscle proteins are under neural influence. Although the concept that there is complete neural control of all proteins has generally received more support, it is more likely that there is only partial neural control of some proteins. Identical physiological, morphological and metabolic properties of all muscle fibres within a motor unit would suggest a complete neural control of all protein systems in muscle fibres. However, evidence against this idea is provided by the marked heterogeneity in the activities of two enzymes, alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and in the wide variations in muscle fibre cross-sectional areas among fibres of the same motor unit in the cat soleus and tibialis anterior.

Homeotic genes and the regulation of myoblast migration, fusion, and fibre-specific gene expression during adult myogenesis in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (17) ◽  
pp. 3333-3341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roy ◽  
K. Vijay Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Thoracic Muscle ◽  
Selector Genes

We have investigated the roles of homeotic selector genes in the migration and fusion of myoblasts, and in the differentiation of adult muscle fibres of Drosophila. Altering intrinsic homeotic identities of myoblasts does not affect their segment-specific migration patterns. By transplanting meso - and metathoracic myoblasts into the abdomen, we demonstrate that the fusion abilities of myoblasts are independent of their segmental identities. However, transplanted thoracic myoblast nuclei are ‘entrained’ by those of the host abdominal muscles to which they fuse and are unable to ‘switch on’ a thoracic muscle-specific reporter gene. This process is likely to be mediated by homeotic repression because mis-expression of an abdominal muscle-specific homeotic gene, Ultrabithorax, in the thoracic muscles results in the repression of the thoracic muscle-specific reporter gene. Finally, we show that removal of Ultrabithorax function specifically from muscle cells of the first abdominal segment, results in the expression of thoracic muscle properties. Many of these functions of homeotic genes in muscle patterning in Drosophila could be conserved during myogenesis in other organisms.

Pengetahuan Mahasiswi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia Terhadap Premenstrual Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Riris Lindiawati Puspitasari ◽  
Dewi Elfidasari ◽  
Kun Mardiwati Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Age Of Menarche

<p><em>Abstrak –<strong> </strong></em><strong>Tahap perkembangan r</strong><strong>emaja ditandai </strong><strong>dengan</strong><strong> perubahan fisik umum </strong><strong>yang di</strong><strong>serta</strong><strong>i</strong><strong> perkembangan kognitif</strong><strong> maupun</strong><strong> sosial.<em> </em>Menstruasi merupakan </strong><strong>proses alamiah organ reproduksi wanita dengan </strong><strong>peng</strong><strong>e</strong><strong>ndalian hormon</strong><strong>. S</strong><strong>alah satu gangguan menstruasi adalah <em>Premenstrual Syndrome</em> </strong><strong>atau</strong><strong> sindrom sebelum haid</strong><strong> atau dikenal juga sebagai </strong><strong>ketegangan sebelum haid</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Siklus menstruasi yang tidak teratur, penurunan </strong><strong>level</strong><strong> progesteron dan peningkatan </strong><strong>level</strong><strong> estrogen, stres, usia <em>menarche</em> yang terlalu cepat, dan status gizi</strong><strong> merupakan beberapa faktor penyebab PMS. Penelitian ini bertujuan u</strong><strong>ntuk mengetahui pengetahuan mahasiswi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia terhadap PMS<em>. </em></strong><strong>Metodologi yang digunakan yaitu studi <em>Cross Sectiona</em></strong><strong><em>l.</em></strong><strong> Populasi sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia. Variabel independen yang dipilih yaitu pengetahuan, usia <em>menarche</em>, siklus haid, olahraga, nutrisi, produktivitas, dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Berdasarkan uji </strong><strong>bivariat dan multivariat regresi logistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan premenstrual syndrome pada mahasiswi UAI yaitu pengetahuan dengan p value 0,169; OR 0,473; 95% CI 0,163-1,374</strong><strong>. Responden yang memiliki pengetahuan 0,473 kali lebih baik dalam penatalaksanaan <em>premenstrual syndrome</em> daripada responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang.</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Abstract </em><strong>– Adolescent developmental</strong><strong> stage characterized by common physical changes that accompanied the cognitive and social development. Menstruation was known as a natural process of hormonal control in the female reproductive organs. One of menstrual disorders was premenstrual syndrome or syndrome before menstruation or also known as tension before menstruation. Irregular menstrual cycles, decreased levels of progesterone, increased level of estrogen, stress, menarche age, and nutritional status were informed as factors that cause premenstrual syndrome. This study aimed to determine student’s knowledge to premenstrual syndrome. The methodology used was a cross sectional study. The population sample was a student of University Al Azhar Indonesia. The independent variables were selected, namely knowledge, age of menarche, menstrual cycle, exercise, nutrition, productivity, and body mass index (BMI). Based on the test bivariate and multivariate logistic regression found no significant relationship between knowledge with premenstrual syndrome in UAI student that knowledge with p value 0.169; OR 0.473; 95% CI 0.163 to 1.374. Respondents who had knowledge 0.473 times better than others in treatment of premenstrual syndrome.</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Premenstrual Syndrome</em><em>, </em><em>knowlwdge, menstruation, menarche.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Potentiometric measurement of membrane action potentials in frog muscle fibres

1966 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Frankenhaeuser ◽  
B. D. Lindley ◽  
R. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Membrane Action ◽  
Potentiometric Measurement

scholarly journals Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: longitudinal analysis of predictors for postural control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Müller ◽  
Charlotte Kreutz ◽  
Steffen Ringhof ◽  
Maximilian Koeppel ◽  
Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Function

AbstractImpaired postural control is often observed in response to neurotoxic chemotherapy. However, potential explanatory factors other than chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) have not been adequately considered to date due to primarily cross-sectional study designs. Our objective was to comprehensively analyze postural control during and after neurotoxic chemotherapy, and to identify potential CIPN-independent predictors for its impairment. Postural control and CIPN symptoms (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20) were longitudinally assessed before, during and three weeks after neurotoxic chemotherapy, and in three and six months follow-up examinations (N = 54). The influence of peripheral nerve function as determined by nerve conduction studies (NCS: compound motor action potentials (CMAP) and sensory action potentials (SNAP)), physical activity, and muscle strength on the change in postural control during and after chemotherapy was analyzed by multiple linear regression adjusted for age and body mass index. Postural control, CIPN signs/symptoms, and CMAP/SNAP amplitudes significantly deteriorated during chemotherapy (p < .01). During follow-up, patients recovered from postural instabilities (p < .01), whereas CIPN signs/symptoms and pathologic NCS findings persisted compared to baseline (p < .001). The regression model showed that low CMAP and high SNAP amplitudes at baseline predicted impairment of postural control during but not after chemotherapy. Hence, pre-therapeutically disturbed somatosensory inputs may induce adaptive processes that have compensatory effects and allow recovery of postural control while CIPN signs/symptoms and pathologic peripheral nerve function persist. Baseline NCS findings in cancer patients who receive neurotoxic chemotherapy thus might assist in delineating individual CIPN risk profiles more precisely to which specific exercise intervention programs could be tailor-made.

Imaging and Cognitive Genetics: The Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Espeseth ◽  
Andrea Christoforou ◽  
Astri J. Lundervold ◽  
Vidar M. Steen ◽  
Stephanie Le Hellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Data collection for the Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics sample (NCNG) was initiated in 2003 with a research grant (to Ivar Reinvang) to study cognitive aging, brain function, and genetic risk factors. The original focus was on the effects of aging (from middle age and up) and candidate genes (e.g., APOE, CHRNA4) in cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, with the cognitive and MRI-based data primarily being used for this purpose. However, as the main topic of the project broadened from cognitive aging to imaging and cognitive genetics more generally, the sample size, age range of the participants, and scope of available phenotypes and genotypes, have developed beyond the initial project. In 2009, a genome-wide association (GWA) study was undertaken, and the NCNG proper was established to study the genetics of cognitive and brain function more comprehensively. The NCNG is now controlled by the NCNG Study Group, which consists of the present authors. Prominent features of the NCNG are the adult life-span coverage of healthy participants with high-dimensional imaging, and cognitive data from a genetically homogenous sample. Another unique property is the large-scale (sample size 300–700) use of experimental cognitive tasks focusing on attention and working memory. The NCNG data is now used in numerous ongoing GWA-based studies and has contributed to several international consortia on imaging and cognitive genetics. The objective of the following presentation is to give other researchers the information necessary to evaluate possible contributions from the NCNG to various multi-sample data analyses.

Effects of mouthpiece shape and expiratory threshold loading on contraction of the lateral abdominal muscles: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshiro Haruyama ◽  
Shigemi Furiya ◽  
Takayuki Tsuzura ◽  
Seiichiro Hirano ◽  
Yosuke Yamaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Structure and electrical properties of eye muscles in cave- and surface-dwelling crayfishes

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
D. Mellon ◽  
G. Lnenicka
Keyword(s):  
Input Resistance ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscles ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cave Dweller

The morphologies and passive electrical parameters of fibres in two eye muscles of a surface- and a cave-dwelling crayfish were compared. In the cave-dwelling form the muscles contained fewer fibres, of less diameter, and hence had a smaller cross-sectional area. Current-voltage relationships were similar in both species. Input resistance was higher in the cave-dweller, but the difference was not as great as would be expected on the basis of geometry alone. Accordingly, the specific membrane resistance of muscle fibres in the cave-dweller is 50–60% smaller than that in the surface-dweller. This may account partially for the observation that identified excitatory junctional potentials in muscles of cave- and surface dwellers have similar amplitudes. We conclude that a functional oculomotor system is maintained in cave-dwelling crayfish, and that this system confers some positive selective advantage.

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